<===> input.scss
@function foo() {
  @return 20150812;
}

foo {
  background-image: url(../test.png);
}

bar {
  background-image: url(../test.png?v=20150812);
}

baz {
  background-image: url(../test.png?v=#{test()});
}

bam {
  background-image: url("../test.png?v=#{test()}");
}

<===> output.css
foo {
  background-image: url(../test.png);
}

bar {
  background-image: url(../test.png?v=20150812);
}

baz {
  background-image: url(../test.png?v=test());
}

bam {
  background-image: url("../test.png?v=test()");
}