SYNOPSIS

use ICANN::gTLD;

# get info about a specific gTLD
my $gtld = ICANN::gTLD->get('org');

printf(
    "The .%s gTLD is operated by %s and was delegated in %s.\n",
    ($gtld->uLabel || $gtld->gTLD)->name,
    $gtld->registryOperator,
    $gtld->delegationDate->year,
);

# get info about all gTLDs
my @gtlds = ICANN::gTLD->get_all;

INTRODUCTION

ICANN publishes a machine-readable database of information about generic top-level domains (TLDs) on its website. This module provides access to that database.

Note: a generic TLD is a TLD like .org or .机构 (.xn--nqv7f), as distinguished from (a) country-code TLDs such as .uk or .台灣 (.xn--kpry57d), (b) "sponsored" TLDs (specifically .gov, .mil and .edu), and (c) the special "infrastructure" TLD, .arpa.

INTERNALS

ICANN::gTLD uses Data::Mirror to synchronise a local copy of the database of gTLD information from the ICANN website. See the Data::Mirror documentation to find out how to control its behaviour.

GETTING TLD OBJECTS

my $tld = ICANN::gTLD->get($name);

my $tld = ICANN::gTLD->from_domain($name);

my @all = ICANN::gTLD->get_all;

To get information about a specific gTLD, use get(). To get information about the parent TLD of a domain name, use from_domain(). To get a list of all gTLDs, use get_all().

OBJECT METHODS

The methods listed below list the available data elements for each TLD. Note that not all fields are available or applicable for all TLDs, so all of these methods (except gTLD()) may return undef.

• $gtld->gtld - returns a Net::DNS::DomainName object representing the gTLD's A-label (eg org or xn--nqv7f).
• $gtld->u_label - returns the U-label (eg 机构) for an IDN gTLD.
• $gtld->registry_operator - returns the legal name of the Registry Operator.
• $gtld->registry_operator_country_code - returns the 2-character ISO-3166 code in which the Registry Operator is based. Note: as of writing, this field is null for all entries in the data source, so this method will always return undef until the data source includes these values.
• $gtld->date_of_contract_signature - returns a DateTime object corresponding to when the Registry Agreement between ICANN and the Registry Operator was signed.
• $gtld->delegation_date - returns a DateTime object corresponding to when the TLD was delegated (if it has been, since new gTLDs come along from time to time, otherwise undef).
• $gtld->removal_date - returns a DateTime object corresponding to when the TLD was removed from the root zone (if it has been, otherwise undef).
• $gtld->contract_terminated - returns a DateTime object corresponding to when the Registry Agreement was terminated (if it has been, otherwise undef).
• $gtld->application_id - returns the unique ID of the application for the gTLD received by ICANN (if any).
• $gtld->specification_13 - returns a boolean indicating whether the Registry Agreement includes an exemption from the Registry Operator Code of Conduct, which indicates that the gTLD is a "brand" TLD that is exclusively used by the Registry Operator, or its affiliates.
• $gtld->third_or_lower_level_registration - returns a boolean indicating whether the gTLD accepts registrations at the third-level or lower (i.e. accepts registrations of the form foo.bar.example rather than foo-bar.example).
• $gtld->registry_class_domain_name_list - returns a URI object where a CSV (Comma Separated Values) file containing the list of "registry class domain names" (see Section 3.1 of RFC 9022) may be found, if available. Data::Mirror->mirror_csv() may be used to retrieve the contents of this file.
• $gtld->rdap_record - returns a Net::RDAP::Object::Domain object containing registration data for the TLD, obtained from the IANA RDAP Service.
• $gtld->rdap_server - returns a Net::RDAP::Service object that represents the gTLD's RDAP service, as specified in the RDAP DNS Bootstrap Registry.

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

This software is copyright (c) 2025 by Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Number (ICANN).

This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.