NAME
OpenOffice::OODoc::Styles - Document styles and layout processing
DESCRIPTION
This class is designed to handle styles, whether automatic or named, contained in styles.xml or content.xml. It inherits from the common OpenOffice::OODoc::XPath class and brings style-focused features.
This class should not be explicitly used in an ordinary application, because all its features are available in the OpenOffice::OODoc::Document class, in combination with other features. Practically, the present manual is provided to describe the style processing features of OpenOffice::OODoc::Document (knowing that these features are technically supported by the OpenOffice::OODoc::Styles component of the API).
Remember that named styles are those that the end user can see and edit using through the GUI of an interactive office software (for ex. the Stylist tool in OpenOffice.org).
Such styles usually have meaningful names and are stored in the styles.xml member. But an OpenDocument-compliant style may own two names, so-called 'name' and 'display-name'. The 'display-name' is the name as it's displayed by the office software, while the 'name' is the main identifier. Both are displayable character strings, but they often differ. For a given 'display-name', the application software is allowed to set any arbitrary 'name'. For example, with OpenOffice.org 2, the well-known pre-defined style whose display name is "Text body" is named "Text_20_body" (the space character is replaced by its hexadecimal value between two "_" characters). In the other hand, the 'name' and the 'display-name' generally don't differ when they contain letters and/or digits only. Remember that the 'name' (and not the 'display-name') is the main identifier of a style element. So, such a method as getStyleElement("style name") uses the 'name' attribute to retrieve a style descriptor and, in case of failure, it attempts to retrieve the same element by 'display-name' (unless you change this behaviour through the 'retrieve_by' document property).
Care should be taken particularly with predefined base styles in OpenOffice.org. These styles are described in styles.xml just like named styles, but they appear to the end user with localised names (in their local language), so the really displayed style name is neither the 'name' nor the 'display-name' stored attributes. For example, in the French distribution of OpenOffice.org, the "Text body" style appears as "Corps de texte", while its "display-name" is "Text body" and its "name" is "Text_20_body". This localization is hard-coded in the office software for a few predefined styles, and it's not stored in the file. However, this is not a problem for user-defined styles as the stored display-name is exactly the same as the effective display name.
There are also numerous "automatic" styles in a document which are created implicitly by the office application each time a particular set of presentation attributes is given to an element, but where no named style is referenced. Automatic styles which apply to the document body are stored in content.xml (but in an XML element isolated from the content). An automatic style's name can change randomly each time the document is edited or saved through an interactive desktop application. Applications which access automatic styles will not want to indicate them using "hard-coded" names. The best way is to retrieve each automatic style via an object that is known to use it. Using a "hard-coded" name is all right for styles created by a program (the createStyle() method requires it), but such a name should only be considered to be stable for the duration of the session. If you want a program-created style name to be then respected by OpenOffice.org, you must create it as a named style. This is no more complicated, but it is better to avoid making hundreds of styles visible to the user that they do not need to see.
There are some structural differences between the old OpenOffice.org 1.0 format and the OASIS OpenDocument (ODF) one. A few of these differences aren't made fully transparent by OpenOffice::OODoc. So, in some cases, a program including style definitions or updates doesn't produce exactly the same results with both OOo 1 and ODF documents.
The page styles are more complex than the other usual styles. A page style Some styles are more complex than others as they describe the page layout. so called "master page", can actually define a header, a footer, margins, and a background.
Page headers and footers can contain text and images; as a consequence, some of their features can be handled by OODoc::Text and OODoc::Image.
A background contains a colour and can also include a background image (several methods are possible).
Presentation of these objects is itself controlled by styles.
All of this leads to the conclusion that it is not enough just to associate each content element with a style. In reality, document styles form a rather complex network of interdependencies.
As for page styles, the OpenDocument format contains a concept which must be understood in order to use some of the following methods. By virtue of the principle of separation of content and presentation, the definition of a page style is based on two distinct objects: "master page" and "page layout". A "master page" object encompasses any page style content (i.e. the content of headers and footers) and links to a "page layout" object which describes page presentation characteristics (with large numbers of parameters from page dimensions to background colour to footnote separator size, etc.). Names which appear in the list of page styles in OpenOffice.org are actually names of "master pages". However, to work with physical aspects of the presentation, you have to access the associated "page layout".
To complicate matters, there are also header and footer styles. Each object contained in a header or footer (e.g. paragraph or image) has a style. The number and range of styles are much larger that you would imagine just looking at the style management tool in any office software. Up to a point, OODoc::Styles methods make life easier for you by masking some of this complexity.
In OODoc::Styles methods, styles are normally indicated by their logical names (which must be unique), but, except where otherwise stated, they can also be indicated by their style element reference as well. Moreover, when a method is expecting a page layout as an argument but the programmer passes it a master page instead (whether by design or by mistake), it "knows" in most cases how to automatically select the associated page layout.
OODoc::Styles allows the applications to create new styles, and not only to update existing styles. However, defining a style requires a great many attributes. Some appear in code examples in this manual, but for a full list of possible attributes for each style, you must refer to the OpenDocument specification. As a consequence, building styles from scratch by program is not a recommended practice. It's much more easy to create documents which all the needed styles through an ODF-compliant office software, and to use them as templates in the programs, knowing that it's very easy to retrieve an existing style, to copy it and to re-use it (as is or customised) in new documents.
OODoc::Styles module is designed to allow applications to manipulate any style and even create new ones. It is not recommended, however, to use it to create a presentation entirely from code. Here again, it is better to start from document templates which already contain at least a blank of each required style.
Methods
Constructor : OpenOffice::OODoc::Styles->new(<parameters>)
Short form: odfStyles(<parameters>)
This constructor should not be explicitly used in ordinary applications
knowing that all the features of the returned object are inherited by
any Document object.
See OpenOffice::OODoc::XPath->new() for common arguments.
Returns an OODoc::XPath OpenDocument connector with additional
style-aware features.
The member loaded by default is "styles.xml" which gives access to
named or automatic styles associated with the page layout. The
"content.xml" part should be forced if the application is to work
with styles associated with the document body (automatic styles
only).backgroundImageLink(page [, link])
Allows you to check the background image's link (if found) for the
page style given as the first argument. If another link is given as
the second argument, it replaces the existing link.
See imageLink in OODoc::Image about links. Put more simply, a link
is the address of the graphics file which corresponds to the
physical content of the image. Even though the background image
belongs to the "page layout", the first argument can also be either
a "master page" or a "page layout".
If the second argument "link" is given, its value replaces the
existing link in the same way as with imageLink.
Example:
$doc->backgroundImageLink
("Standard", "http://www.genicorp.com/back.jpg");
If the page did not have a background image before the call, one is
created. It must, however, be an external linked image (as in the
above example), unless the link represents the internal address of
an already loaded image. This method does not itself carry out any
physical import of an image.
See also importBackgroundImage.createMasterPage(name, options)
Creates a new page style. Options are:
'layout' => page layout name
'next' => next master page style name
The association with a "page layout" allows you to associate a
layout to the page. Otherwise the page will have a default layout.
Example:
$doc->createMasterPage
(
"MyPageStyle",
layout => 'pm1',
next => 'Standard'
);
See the OpenDocument specification (or the 'Organizer' tab in the
"Format/Page" dialog box of OpenOffice.org) if you want to know what
a "Next Style" is. The optional "next" parameter simply gives the name
of a "master page", which can be the one you are currently creating.createPageLayout(name, options)
Creates a new layout style (page layout) which can be used by a page
style (master page). Options are the same as for updatePageLayout().createPageMaster(name, options)
See createPageLayout()createStyle(name, options)
Creates a new style of any type or class (depending on options) and
returns its reference if successful.
The first argument indicates the new style name which must be unique
in the document. By default, there is no automatic uniqueness check.
However, if a 'check' option is set to 'true', the method
fails and produces an error message warning if the style already exists.
If the external name of the style, as it could be made visible for the
end-user through an OpenDocument-compliant editing software (such as
OpenOffice.org), is not the same as the internal name, it may be set
through a 'display-name' option. Without this option, the display name
is the same as the internal name.
If the active OODoc::Styles object is associated with a document
content (content.xml), the new style is always taken to be an
automatic style. If associated with the styles.xml part, the new
style is considered to be a named style by default. However, the
category => 'automatic' option (or category => 'auto') allows you to
specify it as an automatic style. Please note: in the case of
content.xml, the "category" option is ignored as all styles are
automatic in this member.
By default, the method stores a style in the form of an XML element
"style:style" (which corresponds to the most commonly used content
styles). Some style elements are indicated in a different way. The
"namespace" and "type" options are available for this. If, for
example, you want to create a notes configuration style (called
"text:notes-configuration" in the ODF specification), you will have
to specify the "notes-configuration" type explicitly in the "text"
namespace using one of the following two options:
namespace => 'text',
type => 'notes-configuration'
The possible options are:
namespace => namespace
type => style type
family => style family (text, paragraph, ...)
class => style class
parent => parent style (inherit)
next => next style
If other style "organisation" attributes (often for links to other
styles) prove to be needed but are not on the above list, they must
be grouped together in a hash provided by the application and
indicated by a "references" option.
Of course, if you create a new style, you do not just specify it into
terms of type, class or family, etc. You attribute its own
presentation attributes which can be inherited by other styles which
cite it as "parent". These personal attributes (whose nature obviously
depends on the style type) are all attributed by the "properties"
attribute which itself is a hash provided by the application.
Here is an example of a paragraph style creation
$doc->createStyle
(
"Colour",
family => 'paragraph',
parent => 'Standard',
properties =>
{
'fo:margin-left' => '2cm',
'fo:margin-right' => '1.5cm',
'fo:text-align' => 'justify',
'fo:background-color' => '#ffff00'
}
);
$doc->setStyle($doc->getParagraph(3), "P3");
This sequence gives paragraph 3 of the document a special style
whose properties are given margins, text justification and a
yellow background color (note that the ODF color codes are in RGB
hexadecimal preceded by a '#', and 'ffff00' is the RGB value for
for the yellow color). This is done using a style called "Colour"
(reusable later for other paragraphs) based on the "Standard" style.
The names of the properties can be found in the ODF specification
(some of them come from the Form Object standard, so they begin with
the "fo:" prefix). However, the given properties are related to the
global layout of the paragraph. We could provide this new style with
additional properties related to the text content of the paragraph.
But, in a paragraph style definition, the "text" properties are not
stored in the same logical area than the "paragraph" properties, and
we can't set both in the same instruction. Fortunately, we can enrich
any existing style at any time through the updateStyle() method:
$doc->updateStyle
(
"Colour",
properties =>
{
-area => 'text',
'style:font-name' => 'Times',
'fo:font-size' => '14pt',
'fo:font-weight' => 'bold',
'fo:font-style' => 'italic',
'fo:color' => '#000080'
}
);
This new sequence gives paragraph 3 (or any paragraph using the
"Colour" style) a lovely Times font in dark blue size 14 bold italics.
The '-area' parameter which appears in the 'properties' hash is not
a property; it's a selector which instructs the API to select the
"text" property set.
Note: the hexadecimal color codes used in the example could be
replaced by more user-friendly color names, according to a standard or
application-specific RGB color table, through the odfColor() function
introduced in the present manual chapter.
If the '-area' selector is omitted, the property set whose name is
the name of the style family (i.e. 'paragraph' in the last example).
The '-area' selector is silently ignored when used with OOo 1
documents, and sometimes required for ODF, so you can safely use it if
you want to write portable code. In addition, up to now, the unknown
style attributes are simply ignored by the OpenOffice.org software,
and they don't harm. However, if the document is later edited and
saved through OpenOffice.org, every unknown attribute is removed. As a
consequence, everybody can use proprietary (non-OpenDocument) style
attributes for application-specific markup.
Another example:
$doc->createStyle
(
"Photo1",
family => 'graphics',
parent => 'Graphics',
properties =>
{
'style:vertical-pos' => 'from-top',
'style:horizontal-pos' => 'from-left',
'style:vertical-rel' => 'page',
'style:horizontal-rel' => 'page',
'draw:luminance' => '4%',
'draw:contrast' => '2%',
'draw:gamma' => '1.1',
'draw:transparency' => '5%',
'draw:red' => '-3%',
'draw:green' => '2%'
}
);
The "Photo1" style defined above is of course an image style i.e. in
the "graphics" family, based on the parent graphics style
"Graphics". Any images to which this style will be applied will have
coordinates which relate to the upper left edge of the page measured
from top to bottom and left to right. They will be presented with an
increase in luminosity of 4% and contrast of 2%, gamma correction of
1.1 and 5% transparency. Moreover, 3% less red and 2% more green
will freshen the image and highlight the vibrancy of the
chlorophyll. There are yet more in the list of options.
Note: In the given examples, "namespace" and "type" are not specified
because the default namespace and type are appropriate here. (Rest
assured that this is often the case when working with text styles.)
So, while OpenOffice::OODoc supports both OOo 1 and ODF with the
same API, the present version can't completely hide the differences
between the two formats. However, the program's logic can hide these
differences for the end-user, because it can know the format of
the current document (see isOpenDocument in OpenOffice::OODoc::XPath).
Defining a style can be made a lot easier by reusing an already
existing style than by creating it programmatically. The simplest way
is by inheritance using the "parent" option, but the link to "parent"
creates a permanent dependency (any further changes in the parent will
affect the children). OODoc::Styles offers another possibility: copy
the properties of an existing style, without creating a link to a
parent, using the "prototype" option. This option points to another
style whose properties are then taken up and combined with the new
properties. New properties prevail over old ones if the new
properties replace existing attributes in the prototype style, just
like when they are inherited. But there is no persistent link from the
new style to its prototype.
Example:
$doc->createStyle
(
"Bigger",
prototype => "Colour",
properties =>
{
'fo:font-size' => '16pt'
}
);
This new style called "Bigger" is an exact copy of the previously
defined "Colour" style, except for the font size.
The given "parent" style is not necessarily defined yet and, if the
current document part is "content", it can be the name of a style
defined in the "styles" member. (See getAncestorStyle() and
getParentStyle()).
Generally speaking, explicit parameters passed by an application
(e.g. font size) prevail over prototype's parameters.
The prototype parameter can be a style name (as in the above
example) or a style element. If it's an element, its origin doesn't
matter (it can be a copy of a style element previously extracted from
another document). If it's a name, the prototype style is retrieved
either in the current document (default) or, if the 'source' option
is provided, in another document.
The value of the 'source' option is another OODoc::Styles (or
OODoc::Document) object. If this option is provided, createStyle
looks in the indicated document for the prototype style. If 'source'
is provided without 'prototype', the prototype style is supposed to
have the same name as the style to be created.
If you want to create a style called "MyStyle", for example, in
document $doc1 which imitates a style called "HisStyle" in document
$doc2 (where both documents are OODoc::Styles or OODoc::Document
objects), you can do the following:
$doc1->createStyle
(
"MyStyle",
prototype => "HisStyle",
source => $doc2
);
but if you write
$doc1-createStyle
(
"MyStyle",
source => $doc2
);
the local style "MyStyle" is built as a copy of the so-named style
in the source document (it's a direct import).
Whatever the origin of the prototype style, any property can be
set or redefined in the new style.
Not only can you import styles available in other documents, but
you can also create automatic styles in a 'content' part which
are derived from named styles found in the 'styles' member and
vice-versa.
WARNING: The "prototype" option can produce unexpected results if
the two documents are not in the same format. As a consequence,
using an OOo 1 style as the prototype of an OpenDocument one (and
vice-versa) should be avoided.
Always be careful of dependencies. There are often dependencies
between styles. An application must be wary of importing styles with
directly or indirectl dependencies on other styles which will not be
available in the target document. Text styles are fairly easy to
control in this way, but table, page and graphic styles, for example,
have more complex dependencies.
When a font name is set (generally through a 'style:font-name'
text property) in a new style, take care of the availability of
the corresponding font declaration in the document. A font is not
rendered if it's not declared (see importFontDeclaration()).
See the OpenDocument specification (chapter 14, "Styles") for a
complete list of possible attributes for each type of style.
However, creating sophisticated styles from scratch is *not*
recommended; remember the most easy (and the less error-prone) way
consists of creating template documents through the OpenOffice.org
GUI (or any other ODF-compliant office software) and using them as
style libraries.exportBackgroundImage(page [, destination])
Exports the graphics file which corresponds to the background image
of a page style where the image exists and is internal to the
OpenOffice.org archive. (A linked image is obviously not exportable
since it is not actually present in the document.) See the
exportImage method in OODoc::Image for export details.
Example:
$doc->exportBackgroundImage
("First Page", "C:\Images\backgrnd.jpg");getAncestorStyle(style)
Returns the name of the primary known ancestor of the given style.
If the style has a standalone definition (i.e. it's its own ancestor),
the method returns it's own name.
This method returns the ancestor name as it's known in the current
document space. The genealogy is not followed out of the scope of
the current XML part.
For example, if we have an automatic paragraph style "P1", defined in
the "content" member and derived from "Text body", the returned
ancestor name will be "Text body". However, "Text body" itself could
be a derivative of "Standard". But "Text body" is defined in the
"styles" member, so its definition (including the name of its parent
style) is out of the scope.
As a consequence, in a regular ODF document, there are 2 possible
situations:
- if the current space is "styles", the returned style name is really
the name of the primary ancestor, because a style defined in this
space can't inherit from anything elsewhere;
- if the current space is "content", the returned value can be the
name of a style defined elsewhere.
A possible check is a simple call to getStyleElement() with the
returned ancestor name. If getStyleElement() returns undef, then
the ancestor style is not defined in the current space (and, if
needed, we could reach it the "styles" member, if we currently work
with the "content" member).
Beware: the returned name is the main name (identifier), and not the
display name.
See also getParentStyle().getAutoStyleList([options])
Returns a list of automatic style elements in the current document.
By default, only "style" type elements in the "style" namespace are
returned. You can select special styles using the "namespace" and
"type" options.
For example, if you want to get a list of number styles (namespace
"number", type "number-style"), do it like this:
my @styles = $doc->getAutoStyleList
(namespace => 'number', type => 'number-style');
getAutoStyleRoot()
Returns the element that contains all the automatic style elements.
See also getNamedStyleRoot().getBackgroundImageAttributes(page)
Returns the attributes of the given page style's background image
(if any), in the form of a hash (attribute => value).getBackgroundImageElement(page)
Returns the element reference of the given page style's background
image (if found).getDefaultStyleAttributes(default_style)
Returns the given default style's attributes (if any). Default
styles are generally "paragraph" and "graphics". See also
updateDefaultStyle().getDefaultStyleElement(family)
Returns the default style element's reference given by its logical
name.
A default style describes default values assigned to certain
attributes of a given style family.
For example, to get the default paragraph style of a document, use:
my $def_para = $doc->getDefaultStyleElement("paragraph");getFontDeclaration(fontname)
Returns the font declaration element corresponding to the given font
name, or undef if the font is not declared in the current document.
Example:
unless ($doc->getFontDeclaration("Times New Roman"))
{
$doc->importFontDeclaration($doc2, "Times New Roman");
}
See also importFontDeclaration().getFontDeclarations()
Returns the full list of the font declaration elements present in
the document.
The following example prints every declared font name:
foreach my $fd ($doc->getFontDeclarations)
{
print $doc->getFontName($fd) . "\n";
}getFontName(font_decl)
Returns the name of the given font declaration element.
Returns the argument as is if this argument is the name of a declared
font, or undef if the name is unknown.getFooterParagraph(masterpage, number)
In a text document, returns a footer paragraph's reference, if the
master page has a footer and the paragraph exists. Arguments are
master page and paragraph number.
Caution: the first argument can't be a page number, knowing that
printable pages are dynamically created by the office software and
don't exist in the stored document.getHeaderParagraph(masterpage, number)
Like getFooterParagraph, but for a header.getMasterPageElement(page)
Returns a master page element reference whose logical name is given,
or undef if the page style is not found. You can also pass an
element reference instead of a name. In this case, the method's role
is simply to check if the element is indeed a master page type. If
so, it returns the argument as is. If not, it returns undef.
Look at the DESCRIPTION part of the present manual chapter for a few
explanations about master pages (and, of course, feel free to dig in
the OpenDocument specification for details).
This method should preferently be used on the 'styles' member; it
doesn't generally make sense with the 'content' member, knowing that
the master pages are generally described as named styles.getMasterStyleList([options])
Returns a list of master styles in the current document. By default,
the list contains the master page elements.
Other kinds of styles may be retrieved, according to the 'namespace'
and/or 'type' options (see getStyleElement()). But the search space
is limited to the master styles area, whatever the type and the
namespace.
Like getMasterPageElement(), this method makes more sense on 'styles'
members than on 'content' ones.getMasterStyleRoot()
Like getNamedStyleRoot(), but the returned element contains the
master style descriptors instead. getNamedStyleList([options])
Returns a list of named styles in the current document, using the
same options as for getAutoStyleList. By definition, in
OpenOffice.org documents this list should be empty in all elements
except styles.xml.
getNamedStyleRoot()
Returns the root element of the named styles area. In other words,
this method retrieves the element that contains all the named style
elements, with the exception of the master styles.
This element could be, for example, copied from a document to another
one in order to use exactly the same named styles (user-defined or
provided with the office software) in both.getOutlineStyleElement(level)
Returns the outline style descriptor related to the given outline
level. The returned element is available for subsequent get/set
operations using getAttributes(), setAttributes(), and so on.
See also updateOutlineStyle().getPageLayoutAttributes(page)
Returns the description of a page layout. The argument can be
either a page layout directly or a master page style which
refers to it.
The structure of returned data is a hash of hashes. It contains four
elements, each of which is a hash. As follows:
- "references": style reference attributes with at least its
name and possibly its links to other styles.
- "properties": background description (dimensions, orientation,
margins, colour, etc.).
- "header": presentation attributes for the header.
- "footer": presentation attributes for the footer.
- "footnote-sep": footnote separator attributes.
- "background-image": background image attributes.
Attributes are displayed according to OpenOffice.org specifications.getPageMasterAttributes(page)
See getPageLayoutAttributes()getPageLayoutElement(page)
Returns the page layout element reference from a search argument
which can be either a logical name or a page style reference. If the
argument is a master page, the method returns the corresponding page
master.getPageMasterElement(page)
See getPageLayoutElement()getParentStyle(style)
Returns the name of the parent of the given style, or undef if the
style has a standalone definition (without inheritance). The returned
name, if any, is the identifier of the parent style, which can differ
from its display name.
The returned parent name can be the name of a style defined elsewhere
(or not defined yet).
See also getAncestorStyle().getStyleAttributes(style)
Returns a style's description (other than a page style) given as a
logical name or reference.
The structure of returned data is a hash of hashes. It contains the
two following elements:
- "references": style reference attributes with at least its
name and possibly its links to other styles (either its family,
parent style, class and/or next style).
- "properties": description of the presentation characteristics
for this style (and which depend on the type of object the style
is applied to).
Remember that this structure can be used directly by an application
to create or update another style.getStyleElement(style_name [, options])
Returns a style element's reference using its name, or undef if
no style owns the given name in the current context. Remember that
a style can be used in the 'content' context while its descriptor
(i.e. the style element) is defined in either the 'styles' context
or the 'content' one. If the application doesn't know where the
needed style is defined, it must call getStyleElement() in both.
If the first argument is already an element reference, it returns
the argument if it is indeed a style element, and undef if not, so
this method could be used in order to check if a given element is
a style element or not.
By default, the style name is sought amongst "style" type elements
in the "style" namespace. If an application is looking for a special
style (e.g. page or number), then it can pass the optional
parameters "namespace" and/or "type". See the section on createStyle
for these concepts.
A search is of course limited to automatic styles if the current XML
document is "content". If the document is "styles", the search for the
name is made in all styles by default. You can, however, limit it
with the "path" parameter where "path" equals "auto" to search in
automatic styles or "named" in named styles.
The name is a mandatory property, and the main identifier of any style
in ODF-compliant documents. But an additional property, so-called
'display-name', is sometimes provided by the applications. The
'display-name' property, if provided, is made visible for the end user
by the office software (for example in the stylist box of
OpenOffice.org) while the primary name is hidden. By default,
getStyleElement() looks for a style whose primary name matches the
given name, then, if the query fails, it tries to retrieve the style
according to its display name. However, if the "retrieve_by" property
of the connector is set to 'display-name', the display name becomes
the preferred identifier.
If a "retry" parameter is provided and set to "false" or any other
value than "1" or "true", no double query is done. In other words,
if the first query (by primary name or by display name, according to
the value of the "retrieve_by" property of the connector) fails, the
method returns immediately without trying any other query. The default
value is "1" (true). You should set it to "0" or "false" in order to
save some computation time if, for example, your application doesn't
need to take care of the possible differences between display names
and internal names.getStyleList([options])
Combines the results of getAutoStyleList and getNamedStyleList (same
options).importBackgroundImage(page, filename [, link])
Imports a background image into the given page style from an
external file.
The page style can be either a page layout or a master page. An
optional link can be inserted (e.g. to reuse an existing link). See
backgroundImageLink or imageLink (in OODoc::Image) for information
about links. Otherwise, an internal link under "Pictures/" is
created by default and takes the name of the source file.
Returns the link if found, undef if not.
Caution: the actual import is not made until a save is called (see
importImage in OODoc::Image).importFontDeclaration(doc, fontname)
importFontDeclaration(xml_string)
In the first form, retrieves a font declaration in another document
and installs it in the current document. The first argument is a
OODoc::Styles or OODoc::Document object.
Example:
my $source = odfDocument
(
file => "source.odt", part => "styles"
);
my $target = odfDocument
(
file => "target.odt", part => "styles"
);
$target->importFontDeclaration($source, "Helvetica");
In the second form, the single argument is the XML string
containing a font declaration.
The following example creates a declaration for the "Comic Sans MS"
font in an OpenDocument:
$doc->importFontDeclaration
(
'<style:font-face ' .
'style:name="Comic Sans MS" ' .
'svg:font-family="Comic Sans MS" .
/>'
);
This last import feature is not mainly provided in order to encourage
raw XML coding! Be careful, the XML font declaration syntax is not
exactly the same with the two supported document formats. This feature
should be used in order to import previously exported font declarations
(see exportXMLElement in OODoc::XPath).
A font declaration must be imported if it's used in a newly
created style and not currently available in the target document.masterPageExtension(page, extension_type [, element])
This method allows the user to get or set an extension to an existing
master page. The most used extensions are "header", "footer",
"header-left", "footer-left", but any other key could be provided
(warning: there is no ODF-compliance check, so any application-
specific tag is allowed, knowing that any provided keyword will be
automatically prefixed by "style:" in the generated XML).
See masterPageFooter(), masterPageFooterLeft(), masterPageHeader(),
masterPageHeaderLeft(); these methods can be regarded as synonyms
for masterPageExtension() with the four listed extension types.masterPageFooter(page [, element])
Returns the given page style's footer element reference (master
page) or undef if not found.
If the second argument is a content element, it is added to the
footer. If the footer does not exist, it is created.masterPageFooterLeft(page [, element])
Returns the given page style's footer left element reference (master
page) or undef if not found.
A "footer left" element can be used to specify different content for
left pages, if appropriate. Unless a footer left element is defined
in the master page, the content of the footers on left and right pages
is the same.
If the second argument is a content element, it is added to the
footer. If the footer does not exist, it is created.
masterPageHeader(page [, element])
Returns the given page style's header element reference (master
page) or undef if not found.
If the second argument is a content element, it is added to the
header. If the header does not exist, it is created.
masterPageHeaderLeft(page [, element])
Returns the given page style's header left element reference (master
page) or undef if not found.
A "header left" element can be used to specify different content for
left pages, if appropriate. Unless a header left element is defined
in the master page, the content of the headers on left and right pages
is the same.
If the second argument is a content element, it is added to the
header. If the header does not exist, it is created.pageLayout(master_page [, page_master])
Returns or modifies the layout of a given page style (master page).
If the second argument is given, it replaces the old page layout value
(i.e. it changes the layout of the page without changing the header or
footer content.pageMasterStyle(master_page [, page_master])
See pageLayout()removeStyleElement(style [, options])
Deletes the given style. The argument and options are the same as
for getStyleElement. The method returns "True" (1) if successful or
undef if the style is not found.selectStyleElementByFamily(family [, options])
Returns the first (or only) available style in the given family
(using the "family" attribute), or undef if not found. Options are
the same as for getStyleElement.
Example:
my $style = $doc->selectStyleElementByFamily
(
"graphics",
type => 'default-style'
);
selects the element which describes the default graphic style.
This method is useful for selecting styles whose "family" attribute
is their identifier (and which do not have a "name" attribute). For
example, this is the case for default styles where there is normally
a default style for the "paragraph" family and another for the
"graphics" family. In the above example, we used the "type" option
where the type is "default-style" and not "style". We did not use
the "namespace" option because it would be pointless to know that
the default style namespace is just the default namespace ("style").selectStyleElementsByFamily(family [, options])
Like selectStyleElementByFamily but returns a list of elements which
belong to the given family. The "family" argument is treated as a
regular expression, so an application must therefore give the
appropriate meta-characters if the search is to be limited to the
exact family name.selectStyleElementsByName(name [, options])
Returns a list of styles whose names match the first argument (which
is treated as a regular expression). Options are the same as for the
other selectStyleElementsXXX methods.setBackgroundImage(page, options)
Inserts or replaces a background image in a page style. The "page"
argument points either to the page layout directly, or to the master
page to which it refers. Options point to the graphics object and
how it is presented. The returned value is the created or modified
background image's element reference (see
getBackgroundImageElement).
You should first indicate the graphics file which contains the image
and whether it will merely be linked to the page by reference, or if
it has to be physically imported into the OpenOffice.org file. To
"link" the image, you supply its address using the "link" option. To
import it, you supply the image using the "import" option.
Examples:
$doc->setBackgroundImage
(
"First page",
import => "C:\Images\Logo.jpg"
);
$doc->setBackgroundImage
(
"First page",
link => "C:\Images\Logo.jpg"
);
These two calls produce the same effect, but the second only inserts
a link to the image.
Remember that if by error an application supplies both the "link"
and "import" options, the "import" option is the one that prevails.
The other options control the import of images as backgrounds. By
default, OODoc::Styles installs the image in the center without
tiling and with an automatic update-on-load attribute if the image
is by external link. You can choose other options using the
OpenOffice.org standard vocabulary.
To link a background image which is stretched to fit the entire
page, use the following:
$doc->setBackgoundImage
(
"First page",
link => "C:\Images\back.jpg",
'style:repeat' => 'stretch'
);styleName(style_element [, name])
styleName(name [, options])
The first form checks that the given argument is indeed a "style"
element reference and, if it is, returns its name (undef if not). If
a name is given as the second argument, it replaces the style name.
In the second form, the current style name is given. In this case,
and without any other arguments, the method only checks if the given
name is indeed a style and returns a positive result (undef if not).
It is still possible to change its name using this form, by using
the "newname" option. With this form, some other options allow you
to choose the namespace, type and category (automatic or named).
These options are "namespace", "type" and "category" (see
getStyleElement for these concepts). Without these parameters, the
default values are the same as for getStyleElement.
Beware: the only recognized style name here is the main style name,
which can differ from the display name.styleProperties(style [, options])
This method is for checking and updating the formatting properties
of a given style.
It is more limited than updateStyle, but easier to code. The
styleProperties method accesses only the style's formatting
attributes and does not touch its references, such as its name, class
or family (see getStyleAttributes).
With no options, the current style's properties are simply returned
in the form of a hash in which the keys are attributes belonging to
the OpenOffice.org standard vocabulary and which depend on the type
of object. The same data structure can be used to modify a style's
properties by passing options as a hash. This structure is the same
as the sub-hash "properties" of getStyleAttributes or updateStyle.
If you wanted to redo the style we called "Colour" (see createStyle),
for example, changing the colour of the characters to red and
replacing the italics with standard font, you could do it as follows:
$doc->styleProperties
(
"Colour",
'-area' => 'text',
'fo:color' => odfColor("red"),
'fo:font-style' => undef
);
This short sequence sets the "fo:color" attribute to red and clears
the "font-style" attribute. Remember that in RGB notation, the
quantity of red is given by the first two hexadecimal digits, which
here are set to maximum, and by setting the green and blue to zero.
The "font-style" attribute had previously been set to "italic".
Here, the 'area' option is neutral if the document format is OOo,
but it must be set to 'text' for an ODF document, because all that
is related to characters belongs to the 'text' area in a paragraph
style (see below).
styleProperties returns all the style's properties but only modifies
those that have been set using options. To clear an existing
property without giving it a new value, you must pass the
corresponding option giving it a null value.
If the current document is an OASIS Open Document, an additional
"-area" option should be provided, because a style's properties may
be stored in logical parts. For example, in a paragraph style, some
properties apply to the paragraph itself, while some other ones apply
to its text content (and some text properties can have the same name
as some paragraph properties). The default value is the name of the
style family. For example, if the style family is "paragraph", the
"paragraph" part is selected by default. Because it updates font
attributes (that are text properties), the example above couldn't
work against an Open Document without an additional "area" option
with the appropriate value:
$doc->styleProperties
(
"Colour",
'-area' => 'text',
'fo:color' => "#ff0000",
'fo:font-style' => undef
);
After creating a new paragraph style in an Open Document, this method
should be used in order to set the properties which have not been set
by createStyle because of the separation in two areas. In the
following example, the 'paragraph' properties are directly set with
createStyle, then the 'text' properties are set with styleProperties:
my $style = $doc->createStyle
(
"CenteredStyle",
family => 'paragraph',
parent => 'Standard',
properties =>
{
'-area' => 'paragraph',
'fo:text-align' => 'center',
'fo:margin-left' => '0.5cm',
'fo:margin-right' => '0.5cm'
}
);
$doc->styleProperties
(
$style, '-area' => 'text',
'fo:color' => oo2rgb("blue"),
'fo:font-weight' => 'bold',
'style:font-name' => 'Times New Roman'
);
Note: According to the OASIS OpenDocument v1.0 specification,
any arbitrary custom attribute could be created in anyone of the
style's properties area, and *should* be preserved by conforming
applications when editing the document. However, up to now, any
custom property is lost as soon as the document is edited through
OpenOffice.org.
The "-area" option is silently ignored with OOo 1 documents.
switchPageOrientation(page)
Switches a portrait page to landscape and vice-versa.
The argument is a page style (page layout or master page).
'portrait' and 'landscape' are not style properties. The logic of
this method is very simplistic: it makes a swap between the height
and the width of the page.
CAUTION: don't try to give a page number as the argument. This
method apply on a page style (i.e. master page) and not on a
real page selected by its number.updateDefaultStyle(family, options)
Modifies the default style for the given family according to an
options hash given by the application. The family is generally
"paragraph" or "graphics".
Options are given according to the OpenOffice.org style attributes
vocabulary.
The following example shows how to change the font, font size and
default tab stops in the text:
$doc->updateDefaultStyle
(
"paragraph",
'fo:font-name' => 'Helvetica',
'fo:font-size' => '10pt',
'style:tab-stop-distance' => '1.5cm'
);updateOutlineStyle(level, properties)
updateOutlineStyle(outline style element, properties)
Allows any change in the direct attributes of an outline style.
The new properties must be provides through a hash, where each key
is an OpenDocument-compliant attribute.
The following example changes the numbering prefix and suffix, and
the numbering format for the level 1 list elements, so their numbering
will look like "[A] ", "[B] ", "[C] ", ...
$doc->updateOutlineStyle
(
1,
'num-prefix' => "[",
'num-suffix' => "] ",
'num-format' => "A"
);
See the OpenDocument specification for the full set of possible
attributes. Any attribute provided without namespace prefix (i.e.
not including a ':'), such as those in the example above, are
automatically prefixed by 'style:'; other attributes must be provided
with their prefixes.
Caution, some outline presentation characteristics, such as bullet
style, are not directly under the control of this element. They depend
on children "style:*-properties" elements.updatePageLayout(page, options)
Modifies all types of page presentation style characteristics (page
master). The style given as the first argument can be either the
appropriate page layout style directly, or a page style (master
page) to which it refers.
Options can be passed in the form of a hash of hashes (each option
itself points to a hash containing the base attributes). The four
top-level elements are as follows:
references => name, family, etc.
properties => global presentation attributes
header => header presentation style
footer => footer presentation style
footnote-sep => footnote separator style
background-image => backgrnd.jpg image characteristics
The "references" branch will not generally be used unless you want
to change the style's name.
This data structure is the same as returned by
getPageLayoutAttributes(). A combination of these two methods allows
you to copy the characteristics of one page style to another easily,
especially when you want to apply the page setup of one document to
another. When you only want to modify an existing style however, you
only need to specify the attributes which you want to change.
A "prototype" option allows you to clone the characteristics of an
existing page layout. This option can indicate either an existing
page layout reference, its logical name, or even the reference or
logical name of a master page which refers to it. Only the first
method is supported if the prototype page layout belongs to another
document. The style name is not replaced by the prototype style
name. See also createStyle about using a prototype style.
The following example shows the code required to change several
properties of the "Right page" style i.e. top margin width,
background colour, maximum footnote height, minimum header height
and the colour and width of the footnote separator.
$doc->updatePageLayout
(
"Right page",
properties =>
{
'fo:margin-top' => '2.5cm',
'fo:background-color => '#88eecc',
'style:footnote-max-height' => '3cm'
},
'footnote-sep' =>
{
'style:width' => '0.02cm',
'style:color' => '#0000ff'
},
header =>
{
'fo:min-height' => '2cm'
}
);
Once again, it is better to start with a getPageLayoutAttributes()
of an existing page than to create all your styles from code.updatePageMaster(page, options)
See updatePageLayout()updateStyle(style, options)
Modifies the characteristics of an existing style.
Options are the same as for createStyle() except for "category",
"namespace" and "type" which cannot be changed in an existing style
since they form part of its basic identity. A style's logical name
can, however, be changed.
The first argument can be either a style name or a style element.
The second way should be preferred when the program already owns
the element (obtained, for example, through getStyleElement() or
createStyle()).
In the 'properties' structure, the 'area' switch is required with
ODF (OOo 2) documents if the property area is not the default one
(see styleProperties and createStyle about the 'area' option).
You can use the "prototype" option to update a style with another
style's characteristics, but this option does not replace the
style's name with the prototype's name. Be careful, the "prototype"
option doesn't work for any kind of style, and it's not recommended
in this method. The best approach for replicating an existing style
consists of creating a new style with the "prototype" option (see
createStyle).
By definition, the style already exists and can be indicated equally
well by reference or by name.
Returns the characteristics of the modified style, as in
getStyleAttributes.Exported functions
odfColor($red, $green, $blue) =head3 odfColor("$red,$green,$blue") =head3 odfColor($colorname)
Converts an RGB or named colour in ODF-compliant hexadecimal format
(6 digits after a leading '#'). The 1st form has the same effect as
the rgb2hex() function of the Color::Rgb Perl module.
The resulting value can be used to set any colour attribute in a
style.
In the first form, the 3 arguments are the conventional numeric RGB
values (between 0 an 255). In the second form, the only one argument
is a string containing 3 comma-separated RGB values. In the third
form, the given string is the symbolic name of a colour (the name
must be an existing one in the %COLORMAP hash).
Example:
ooLoadColorMap("D:\MyDocuments\Colors.txt");
$doc->styleProperties
(
"HighColors",
'fo:color' => odfColor('black'),
'fo:background-color' => odfColor('yellow')
);
If the argument seems to be already an hexadecimal RGB string (i.e.
it begins by "#"), odfColor() checks it and returns it unchanged if
it's a regular RGB value, or undef if not.
Synonym: rgb2oo().odfLoadColorMap($filename)
Populates the %OpenOffice::OODoc::Styles::COLORMAP hash from the
content of an RGB file. This file defines a colour dictionary.
Without argument, the content of the $COLORMAP variable is considered
as the filename.
Each line must contain 4 space-separated fields. The 3 first fields
represent, respectively, the red, green and blue values of a colour
and must be positive integer values in the 0-255 range. The remainder
of the line is considered as the symbolic name of a colour (it can
contain spaces). Example:
144 238 144 light green
139 0 139 dark magenta
255 105 180 hot pink
255 99 71 tomato
Such a file is sometimes provided in a system directory (for example
/usr/lib/X11/rgb.txt in some Unix systems). In any case, the users
can easily find and download it somewhere. For example, a convenient
rgb.txt file is provided with the Color::Rgb Perl module (CPAN).
When a COLORMAP is loaded, the programmer can provide symbolic, user-
friendly names in place of RGB values to the odfColor() function.
Without argument, the content of the $COLORMAP variable is considered
as the filename.
When the OpenOffice::OODoc::Styles module is loaded as a consequence
of a "use OpenOffice::OODoc" statement, ooLoadColorMap() is
automatically executed if a valid filename is provided in the
<Styles-COLORMAP> element of the "OODoc/config.xml" file.oo2rgb($oocolor)
Returns the conventional RGB value of an OOo-encoded colour.
See rgbColor().ooLoadColorMap($filename)
Synonym of odfLoadColorMap().rgb2oo($red, $green, $blue) =head3 rgb2oo("$red,$green,$blue") =head3 rgb2oo($colorname)
See odfColor().rgbColor(odf_color)
Converts an ODF-color code into a decimal RGB code or, according
to a mapping file, into a plain text conventional color name.
In array context, returns a 3-element array containing the red, green,
blue decimal values of the colour.
In scalar context, returns either a string with concatenated, comma
separated red, green, blue values, or, if these values exactly match
a known colour (according to the current %COLORMAP), the corresponding
symbolic name.
This function can be used to display or compute separately the RGB
values of any colour attribute of a style, or to export these values
to an image processing software. It produces the same result as the
hex2rgb() method of the Color::Rgb Perl module.
rgbColor() is a synonym of oo2rgb(). Properties
The 'retrieve_by' option, set to 'display-name', can be provided
in order to use the display name instead of the primary name as
the first style identifier.
The %COLORMAP hash, defined as a class variable, contains a name
to RGB translation table. When loaded, it allows the rgb2oo() function
to use symbolic names in place of RGB values.
The keys are symbolic, user-defined colour names, and the values are
strings containing the concatenated, comma-separated RGB values.
Example:
%OpenOffice::OODoc::Styles::COLORMAP{'antique white'} = "250,235,215";
By default, this hash contains a short, arbitrary set of colour
definitions such as 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'white', 'black' and a few
others. The user can populate it from an external RGB file, through
the ooLoadColorMap() function previously described, and/or through
program instructions like the example above.AUTHOR/COPYRIGHT
Developer/Maintainer: Jean-Marie Gouarne http://jean.marie.gouarne.online.fr
Contact: jmgdoc@cpan.org
Copyright 2004-2009 by Genicorp, S.A. http://www.genicorp.com
Initial English version of the reference manual by Graeme A. Hunter (graeme.hunter@zen.co.uk).
License: GNU Lesser General Public License v2.1