NAME
AI::MXNet::Optimizer - Common Optimization algorithms with regularizations.
DESCRIPTION
Common Optimization algorithms with regularizations.
create_optimizer
Create an optimizer with specified name.
Parameters
----------
$name: Str
Name of required optimizer. Should be the name
of a subclass of Optimizer. Case insensitive.
:$rescale_grad : Num
Rescaling factor on gradient. Normally should be 1/batch_size.
%kwargs: Hash
Parameters for optimizer
Returns
-------
opt : Optimizer
The result optimizer.
set_lr_mult
Set individual learning rate multipler for parameters
Parameters
----------
args_lr_mult : dict of string/int to float
set the lr multipler for name/index to float.
setting multipler by index is supported for backward compatibility,
but we recommend using name and symbol.
set_wd_mult
Set individual weight decay multipler for parameters.
By default wd multipler is 0 for all params whose name doesn't
end with _weight, if param_idx2name is provided.
Parameters
----------
args_wd_mult : dict of string/int to float
set the wd multipler for name/index to float.
setting multipler by index is supported for backward compatibility,
but we recommend using name and symbol.
NAME
AI::MXNet::SGD - A very simple SGD optimizer with momentum and weight regularization.
DESCRIPTION
A very simple SGD optimizer with momentum and weight regularization.
If the storage types of weight and grad are both 'row_sparse', and 'lazy_update' is True,
**lazy updates** are applied by
for row in grad.indices:
rescaled_grad[row] = lr * rescale_grad * clip(grad[row], clip_gradient) + wd * weight[row]
state[row] = momentum[row] * state[row] + rescaled_grad[row]
weight[row] = weight[row] - state[row]
The sparse update only updates the momentum for the weights whose row_sparse
gradient indices appear in the current batch, rather than updating it for all
indices. Compared with the original update, it can provide large
improvements in model training throughput for some applications. However, it
provides slightly different semantics than the original update, and
may lead to different empirical results.
Otherwise, **standard updates** are applied by::
rescaled_grad = lr * rescale_grad * clip(grad, clip_gradient) + wd * weight
state = momentum * state + rescaled_grad
weight = weight - state
Parameters
----------
learning_rate : Num, optional
learning_rate of SGD
momentum : Num, optional
momentum value
wd : Num, optional
L2 regularization coefficient add to all the weights
rescale_grad : Num, optional
rescaling factor of gradient. Normally should be 1/batch_size.
clip_gradient : Num, optional
clip gradient in range [-clip_gradient, clip_gradient]
param_idx2name : hash ref of Str/Int to Num, optional
special treat weight decay in parameter ends with bias, gamma, and beta
multi_precision: Bool, optional
Flag to control the internal precision of the optimizer.
False results in using the same precision as the weights (default),
True makes internal 32-bit copy of the weights and applies gradients
in 32-bit precision even if actual weights used in the model have lower precision.
Turning this on can improve convergence and accuracy when training with float16.
lazy_update: Bool, optional, default true
NAME
AI::MXNet::Signum - The Signum optimizer that takes the sign of gradient or momentum.
DESCRIPTION
The optimizer updates the weight by:
rescaled_grad = rescale_grad * clip(grad, clip_gradient) + wd * weight
state = momentum * state + (1-momentum)*rescaled_grad
weight = (1 - lr * wd_lh) * weight - lr * sign(state)
See the original paper at: https://jeremybernste.in/projects/amazon/signum.pdf
This optimizer accepts the following parameters in addition to those accepted
by AI::MXNet::Optimizer
Parameters
----------
momentum : Num, optional
The momentum value.
wd_lh : Num, optional
The amount of decoupled weight decay regularization, see details in the original paper at:
https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.05101
NAME
AI::MXNet::FTML - The FTML optimizer.
DESCRIPTION
This class implements the optimizer described in
*FTML - Follow the Moving Leader in Deep Learning*,
available at http://proceedings.mlr.press/v70/zheng17a/zheng17a.pdf.
This optimizer accepts the following parameters in addition to those accepted
by AI::MXNet::Optimizer
Parameters
----------
beta1 : Num, optional
0 < beta1 < 1. Generally close to 0.5.
beta2 : Num, optional
0 < beta2 < 1. Generally close to 1.
epsilon : Num, optional
Small value to avoid division by 0.
NAME
AI::MXNet::LBSGD - The Large Batch SGD optimizer with momentum and weight decay.
DESCRIPTION
The optimizer updates the weight by::
state = momentum * state + lr * rescale_grad * clip(grad, clip_gradient) + wd * weight
weight = weight - state
Parameters
----------
momentum : Num, optional
The momentum value.
multi_precision: Bool, optional
Flag to control the internal precision of the optimizer.
0 results in using the same precision as the weights (default),
1 makes internal 32-bit copy of the weights and applies gradients
in 32-bit precision even if actual weights used in the model have lower precision.`<
Turning this on can improve convergence and accuracy when training with float16.
warmup_strategy: string ('linear', 'power2', 'sqrt'. , 'lars' default : 'linear')
warmup_epochs: unsigned, default: 5
batch_scale: unsigned, default: 1 (same as batch size*numworkers)
updates_per_epoch: updates_per_epoch (default: 32, Default might not reflect true number batches per epoch. Used for warmup.)
begin_epoch: unsigned, default 0, starting epoch.
NAME
AI::MXNet::DCASGD - DCASGD optimizer with momentum and weight regularization.
DESCRIPTION
DCASGD optimizer with momentum and weight regularization.
Implements paper "Asynchronous Stochastic Gradient Descent with
Delay Compensation for Distributed Deep Learning"
Parameters
----------
learning_rate : Num, optional
learning_rate of SGD
momentum : Num, optional
momentum value
lamda : NUm, optional
scale DC value
wd : Num, optional
L2 regularization coefficient add to all the weights
rescale_grad : Num, optional
rescaling factor of gradient. Normally should be 1/batch_size.
clip_gradient : Num, optional
clip gradient in range [-clip_gradient, clip_gradient]
param_idx2name : hash ref of Str/Int to Num, optional
special threating of weight decay for parameters that end with bias, gamma, and beta
NAME
AI::MXNet::NAG - SGD with Nesterov weight handling.
DESCRIPTION
It is implemented according to
https://github.com/torch/optim/blob/master/sgd.lua
NAME
AI::MXNet::SGLD - Stochastic Gradient Riemannian Langevin Dynamics.
DESCRIPTION
Stochastic Gradient Riemannian Langevin Dynamics.
This class implements the optimizer described in the paper *Stochastic Gradient
Riemannian Langevin Dynamics on the Probability Simplex*, available at
https://papers.nips.cc/paper/4883-stochastic-gradient-riemannian-langevin-dynamics-on-the-probability-simplex.pdf.
Parameters
----------
learning_rate : Num, optional
learning_rate of SGD
wd : Num, optional
L2 regularization coefficient add to all the weights
rescale_grad : Num, optional
rescaling factor of gradient. Normally should be 1/batch_size.
clip_gradient : Num, optional
clip gradient in range [-clip_gradient, clip_gradient]
NAME
AI::MXNet::Adam - Adam optimizer as described in [King2014]_.
DESCRIPTION
Adam optimizer as described in [King2014]_.
.. [King2014] Diederik Kingma, Jimmy Ba,
*Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization*,
http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6980
Parameters
----------
learning_rate : Num, optional
Step size.
Default value is set to 0.001.
beta1 : Num, optional
Exponential decay rate for the first moment estimates.
Default value is set to 0.9.
beta2 : Num, optional
Exponential decay rate for the second moment estimates.
Default value is set to 0.999.
epsilon : Num, optional
Default value is set to 1e-8.
wd : NUm, optional
L2 regularization coefficient add to all the weights
rescale_grad : Num, optional
rescaling factor of gradient. Normally should be 1/batch_size.
clip_gradient : Num, optional
clip gradient in range [-clip_gradient, clip_gradient]
NAME
AI::MXNet::AdaGrad - AdaGrad optimizer of Duchi et al., 2011
DESCRIPTION
AdaGrad optimizer of Duchi et al., 2011,
This code follows the version in http://arxiv.org/pdf/1212.5701v1.pdf Eq(5)
by Matthew D. Zeiler, 2012. AdaGrad will help the network to converge faster
in some cases.
Parameters
----------
learning_rate : Num, optional
Step size.
Default value is set to 0.05.
wd : Num, optional
L2 regularization coefficient add to all the weights
rescale_grad : Num, optional
rescaling factor of gradient. Normally should be 1/batch_size.
eps: Num, optional
A small float number to make the updating processing stable
Default value is set to 1e-7.
clip_gradient : Num, optional
clip gradient in range [-clip_gradient, clip_gradient]
NAME
AI::MXNet::RMSProp - RMSProp optimizer of Tieleman & Hinton, 2012.
DESCRIPTION
RMSProp optimizer of Tieleman & Hinton, 2012,
For centered=False, the code follows the version in
http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~tijmen/csc321/slides/lecture_slides_lec6.pdf by
Tieleman & Hinton, 2012
For centered=True, the code follows the version in
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1308.0850v5.pdf Eq(38) - Eq(45) by Alex Graves, 2013.
Parameters
----------
learning_rate : Num, optional
Step size.
Default value is set to 0.001.
gamma1: Num, optional
decay factor of moving average for gradient^2.
Default value is set to 0.9.
gamma2: Num, optional
"momentum" factor.
Default value if set to 0.9.
Only used if centered=True
epsilon : Num, optional
Default value is set to 1e-8.
centered : Bool, optional
Use Graves or Tielemans & Hintons version of RMSProp
wd : Num, optional
L2 regularization coefficient add to all the weights
rescale_grad : Num, optional
rescaling factor of gradient.
clip_gradient : Num, optional
clip gradient in range [-clip_gradient, clip_gradient]
clip_weights : Num, optional
clip weights in range [-clip_weights, clip_weights]
NAME
AI::MXNet::AdaDelta - AdaDelta optimizer.
DESCRIPTION
AdaDelta optimizer as described in
Zeiler, M. D. (2012).
*ADADELTA: An adaptive learning rate method.*
http://arxiv.org/abs/1212.5701
Parameters
----------
rho: Num
Decay rate for both squared gradients and delta x
epsilon : Num
The constant as described in the thesis
wd : Num
L2 regularization coefficient add to all the weights
rescale_grad : Num, optional
rescaling factor of gradient. Normally should be 1/batch_size.
clip_gradient : Num, optional
clip gradient in range [-clip_gradient, clip_gradient]
NAME
AI::MXNet::Ftrl
DESCRIPTION
Referenced from *Ad Click Prediction: a View from the Trenches*, available at
http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2488200.
The optimizer updates the weight by:
rescaled_grad = clip(grad * rescale_grad, clip_gradient)
z += rescaled_grad - (sqrt(n + rescaled_grad**2) - sqrt(n)) * weight / learning_rate
n += rescaled_grad**2
w = (sign(z) * lamda1 - z) / ((beta + sqrt(n)) / learning_rate + wd) * (abs(z) > lamda1)
If the storage types of weight, state and grad are all row_sparse,
**sparse updates** are applied by::
for row in grad.indices:
rescaled_grad[row] = clip(grad[row] * rescale_grad, clip_gradient)
z[row] += rescaled_grad[row] - (sqrt(n[row] + rescaled_grad[row]**2) - sqrt(n[row])) * weight[row] / learning_rate
n[row] += rescaled_grad[row]**2
w[row] = (sign(z[row]) * lamda1 - z[row]) / ((beta + sqrt(n[row])) / learning_rate + wd) * (abs(z[row]) > lamda1)
The sparse update only updates the z and n for the weights whose row_sparse
gradient indices appear in the current batch, rather than updating it for all
indices. Compared with the original update, it can provide large
improvements in model training throughput for some applications. However, it
provides slightly different semantics than the original update, and
may lead to different empirical results.
This optimizer accepts the following parameters in addition to those accepted
by AI::MXNet::Optimizer
Parameters
----------
lamda1 : Num, optional
L1 regularization coefficient.
learning_rate : Num, optional
The initial learning rate.
beta : Num, optional
Per-coordinate learning rate correlation parameter.
NAME
AI::MXNet::Adamax
DESCRIPTION
It is a variant of Adam based on the infinity norm
available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6980 Section 7.
This optimizer accepts the following parameters in addition to those accepted
AI::MXNet::Optimizer.
Parameters
----------
beta1 : Num, optional
Exponential decay rate for the first moment estimates.
beta2 : Num, optional
Exponential decay rate for the second moment estimates.
NAME
AI::MXNet::Nadam
DESCRIPTION
The Nesterov Adam optimizer.
Much like Adam is essentially RMSprop with momentum,
Nadam is Adam RMSprop with Nesterov momentum available
at http://cs229.stanford.edu/proj2015/054_report.pdf.
This optimizer accepts the following parameters in addition to those accepted
by AI::MXNet::Optimizer.
Parameters
----------
beta1 : Num, optional
Exponential decay rate for the first moment estimates.
beta2 : Num, optional
Exponential decay rate for the second moment estimates.
epsilon : Num, optional
Small value to avoid division by 0.
schedule_decay : Num, optional
Exponential decay rate for the momentum schedule
NAME
AI::MXNet::Updater - Updater for kvstore
set_states
Sets updater states.
get_states
Gets updater states.
Parameters
----------
dump_optimizer : bool, default False
Whether to also save the optimizer itself. This would also save optimizer
information such as learning rate and weight decay schedules.