NAME

Oktest - a new-style testing library

($Release: 0.0103 $)

SYNOPSIS

use strict;
use warnings;
no warnings 'void';   # suppress warning 'Useless use of ... in void context'
use Oktest;

topic "Example1", sub {

    spec "1 + 1 should be equal to 2.", sub {
        OK (1+1) == 2;
    };

    spec "'x' repeats string.", sub {
        OK ('a' x 3) eq 'aaa';
    };

};

Oktest::main() if $0 eq __FILE__;
1;

DESCRIPTION

Oktest is a new-style testing library for Perl.

Features:

Structured test code
Convenient assertion
Setup/Teardown fixtures
Unified diff for different texts
Filtering by string or regular expression

Structured Test Code

Oktest allows you to write your test code in structured format.

'topic' represents topic or subject of test. Normally, it represents ClassName, method_name() or feature name.
'spec' represens specification details. You can write description in a free text.
'case_when' represens test context or condition.

Example (01_basic.t):

	use strict;
	use warnings;
	no warnings 'void';   # suppress warning 'Useless use of ... in void context'
	use Oktest;

	## 'topic' represents topic of test (such as ClassName or method_name())
	topic "ClassName", sub {

	    ## 'topic' can be nestable
	    topic "method_name()", sub {

	        ## 'spec' describes details of test
	        spec "1 + 1 should be equal to 2.", sub {
	            ## 'OK()' describes assertion.
	            OK (1+1) == 2;
	        };

                ## a topic can contain multiple specs.
	        spec "'x' repeats string.", sub {
                    ## a spec can contain multiple assertions.
	            OK ('a' x 3) eq 'aaa';
	            OK ('a' x 3)->matches(qr/^a+$/);
	        };

	        ## 'case_when' represents test context
	        case_when "value is an array...", sub {
	            my $val = ["SOS"];
	            spec "contains name", sub { OK ($val->[0]) eq "SOS" };
	        };
	        case_when "value is a hash...", sub {
	            my $val = {name=>"SOS"};
	            spec "contains name", sub { OK ($val->{name}) eq "SOS" };
	        };

	    };

	};

	Oktest::main() if $0 eq __FILE__;
	1;

Output:

$ perl 01_basic.t   # or prove 01_basic.t
1..2
## * ClassName
##   * method_name()
ok 1 - 1 + 1 should be equal to 2.
ok 2 - 'x' repeats string.
## ok:2, failed:0, error:0, skipped:0, todo:0  (elapsed: 0.000)

Points:

'topic()' can be nestable. In other words, 'topic()' can contain multiple specs and/ore other topics.
'spec()' can NOT be nestable. You should not put other targes or specs in a spec block.
'case_when()' can contain specs, but cannot contain topic.
Result is reported by specs, not assertions. For example, a spec containing more than two assertions is reported as in a line ('ok' or 'not ok').
Oktest calculates number of specs and prints accurate test plan automatically. You don't need to update test plan manually, wow!

If you want to know internal mechanism of Oktest, see "Oktest Internal" section.

Assertions

In Oktest, assertion is represented by 'OK()'. You don't need to use 'ok()', 'is()', 'like()', 'isa_ok()', and so on.

Example (02_assertions.t):

use strict;
use warnings;
no warnings 'void';   # suppress warning 'Useless use of ... in void context'
use Oktest;

topic "Assertion Example", sub {

    spec "numeric operators", sub {
        OK (1+1) == 2;
        OK (1+1) != 1;
        OK (1+1) >  1;
        OK (1+1) >= 2;
        OK (1+1) <  3;
        OK (1+1) <= 2;
        OK (1+1)->cmp('==', 2);   # or '!=', '>', and so on
        OK (3.141)->in_delta(3.14, 0.01);
    };

    spec "string operators", sub {
        OK ('aaa') eq 'aaa';
        OK ('aaa') ne 'bbb';
        OK ('aaa') lt 'bbb';
        OK ('aaa') le 'aaa';
        OK ('bbb') gt 'aaa';
        OK ('aaa') ge 'aaa';
        OK ('aaa')->cmp('eq', 'aaa');   # or 'ne', 'lt', and so on
        OK ('aaa')->length(3);
    };

    spec "logical expression", sub {
        OK (1==1)->is_truthy();
        OK (0==1)->is_falsy();
        OK (0)->is_defined();
        OK (undef)->not_defined();
    };

    spec "regular expression", sub {
        OK ('FOO')->matches(qr/^[A-Z]+$/);
        OK ('123')->not_match(qr/^[A-Z]+$/);
    };

    spec "type", sub {
        OK ('s')->is_string();
        OK (123)->is_integer();
        OK (0.1)->is_float();
        OK ([1,2,3])->is_ref('ARRAY');
        OK ({x=>10})->is_ref('HASH');
        OK (sub {1})->is_ref('CODE');
    };

    spec "object", sub {
        my $obj = bless({'x'=>1, 'y'=>2}, 'FooClass');
        OK ($obj)->is_a('FooClass');
        OK ($obj)->not_a('BarClass');
        OK ($obj)->has('x', 1)->has('y', 2);
        OK ($obj)->has('x')->has('y');
        OK ($obj)->can_('isa')->can_('can');
        OK ($obj)->can_not('foo')->can_not('bar');
        my $arr = [1, 2, 3];
        OK ($arr)->length(3);
        my $arr2 = [1, 2, 3];
        OK ($arr)->same($arr);
        OK ($arr)->not_same($arr2);
        OK ($arr)->equals($arr2);   ## (EXPERIMENTAL) similar to 'is_deeply()'
    };

    spec "file system", sub {
        use Cwd qw(getcwd);
        my $file = __FILE__;
        my $pwd  = getcwd();
        OK ($file)->file_exists();
        OK ($pwd )->dir_exists();
        OK ("NotExist.txt")->not_exist();
    };

    spec "exception", sub {
        OK (sub { die "SOS\n"  })->dies("SOS\n");
        OK (sub { die "SOS\n"  })->dies(qr/^SOS$/);
        OK (sub { 1 })->not_die();
        #
        OK (sub { warn "SOS\n" })->warns("SOS\n");
        OK (sub { warn "SOS\n" })->warns(qr/^SOS$/);
        OK (sub { 1 })->not_warn();
    };

    spec "collection", sub {
        OK ([3, 6, 9, 12])->all(sub {$_ % 3 == 0});
        OK ([3, 6, 9, 12])->any(sub {$_ % 4 == 0});
    };

};

Oktest::main() if $0 eq __FILE__;
1;

Assertion methods are chainable.

## object is an array reference and it's length is 3.
OK ([1,2,3])->is_ref('ARRAY')->length(3);
## object has 'name' and 'team' attributes.
OK ($obj)->has('name', "Haruhi")->has('team', "SOS");

Setup/Teardown

Oktest provides fixtures (= setup or teardown function).

'before()' defines setup fixture which is called before each spec.
'after()' defines teardown fixture which is called after each spec.
'before_all()' defines setup fixture which is called before all specs.
'after_all()' defines teardown fixture which is called after all specs.

Example (04_fixture.t):

use strict;
use warnings;
no warnings 'void';   # suppress warning 'Useless use of ... in void context'
use Oktest;

topic "Parent", sub {

    before_all { print "= [Parent] before_all\n" };
    after_all  { print "= [Parent] after_all\n" };
    before     { print "= [Parent] before\n" };
    after      { print "= [Parent] after\n" };

    topic "Child1", sub {
        spec "A1", sub { OK (1+1) == 2 };
        spec "B1", sub { OK (1-1) == 0 };
    };

    topic "Child2", sub {
        before_all { print "  = [Child] before_all\n" };
        after_all  { print "  = [Child] after_all\n" };
        before     { print "  = [Child] before\n" };
        after      { print "  = [Child] after\n" };
        spec "A3", sub { OK (1+1) == 2 };
        spec "B4", sub { OK (1-1) == 0 };
    };

};

Oktest::main() if $0 eq __FILE__;
1;

Output example:

$ perl 04_fixture.t
1..4
## * Parent
= [Parent] before_all
##   * Child1
= [Parent] before
= [Parent] after
ok 1 - A1
= [Parent] before
= [Parent] after
ok 2 - B1
##   * Child2
  = [Child] before_all
= [Parent] before
  = [Child] before
  = [Child] after
= [Parent] after
ok 3 - A3
= [Parent] before
  = [Child] before
  = [Child] after
= [Parent] after
ok 4 - B4
  = [Child] after_all
= [Parent] after_all
## ok:4, failed:0, error:0, skipped:0, todo:0  (elapsed: 0.000)

Context data (= a hash object) is passed to 'before' and 'after' blocks. Of course, you can use outer-closure variables instead of context data.

Example:

topic "Context Example", sub {

    my $member;
    before {
        $member = "Haruhi";
        my $context = shift;
        $context->{team} = "SOS";
    };

    spec "'before' block can set variable.", sub {
        OK ($member) eq "Haruhi";
    };

    spec "'before' block can set context data.", sub {
        my $context = shift;
        OK ($context)->has('team', "SOS");
    };

};

Oktest provides 'at_end()' function. It registers closure which will be called at end of spec block.

Example:

topic "at_end() example" sub {

    spec "create and remove files", sub {
        # create data files
        Oktest::Util::write_file("data1.html", "<div></div>");
        Oktest::Util::write_file("data2.html", "<h1></h1>");
        # register closure which will be called at end of spec
        at_end {
            Oktest::Util::rm_rf("data*.html");
        };
        #
        # ... do test here ...
        #
    };

};

Skip and TODO

Example of Skip and TODO:

topic "Misc", sub {

    ## example of 'skip_when()'
    spec "some cool feature is available", sub {
        my $on_windows = $^O =~ /MSWin/;
        skip_when $on_windows, "Windows not supported";
        OK (`echo Haruhi | md5`) eq 'd7f76bdf93d3f59fba678b204fc4faa1';
    };

    ## example of 'TODO()'
    spec "another cool feature is available", sub {
        TODO "not implemented yet.";
    };

    ## Tips: if spec body is not specified then it is regarded as TODO.
    ## For example, the following line is equivarent to above.
    spec "another cool feature is available";

};

Test::More Migration

Oktest provides helpers to migrate Test::More script into Oktest.

Migration example (06_migrate.t):

use strict;
use warnings;
no warnings 'void';   # suppress warning 'Useless use of ... in void context'

use Oktest;
use Oktest::Migration::TestMore;    # imports migration helpers

topic "Migration Example", sub {

    spec "helpers", sub {
        ok(1+1 == 2, "test name");
        is(1+1, 2, "test name");
        isnt(1+1, 3, "test name");
        like("SOS", qr/^SOS$/, "test name");
        unlike("SOS", qr/^ZOZ$/, "test name");
        cmp_ok(1+1, '>', 1, "test name");
        is_deeply([1,2,3], [1,2,3], "test name");   ## !! EXPERIMENTAL !!
        my $obj = bless({}, 'Dummy');
        can_ok($obj, 'isa');
        isa_ok($obj, 'Dummy', "test name");
        throws_ok(sub { die("SOS\n") }, "SOS\n", "test name");
        throws_ok(sub { die("SOS\n") }, qr/SOS/, "test name");
        dies_ok(sub { die("SOS\n") }, "test name");
        lives_ok(sub { return 1 }, "test name");
        warning_like(sub { warn("SOS\n") }, qr/SOS/, "test name");
        diag("message");
    };

};

Oktest::main() if $0 eq __FILE__;
1;

Filter by Pattern

You can filter topics or specs by pattern.

## filter topics
$ perl t/foo.t --topic='ClassName'      # by string
$ perl t/foo.t --topic=/^\w+$/          # by regular expression

## filter specs
$ perl t/foo.t --spec='1+1 should be 2'  # by string
$ perl t/foo.t --spec=/^.*should.*$/     # by regular expression

Reporting Style

In default, Oktest reports results in TAP style format. You can change it by '--style' or '-s' option.

Plain style ('-s plain' or '-sp'):

$ perl examples/01_basic.t -sp
..
## ok:2, failed:0, error:0, skipped:0, todo:0  (elapsed: 0.000)

Simple style ('-s simple' or '-ss'):

$ perl examples/01_basic.t -ss
* ClassName
  * method_name(): ..
## ok:2, failed:0, error:0, skipped:0, todo:0  (elapsed: 0.000)

Verbose style ('-s verbose' or '-sv'):

$ perl examples/01_basic.t -sv
* ClassName
  * method_name()
    - [ok] 1 + 1 should be equal to 2.
    - [ok] 'x' repeats string.
## ok:2, failed:0, error:0, skipped:0, todo:0  (elapsed: 0.000)

Command-line Interface

Oktest provides 'oktest.pl' script for command-line interface.

## run test scripts
$ oktest.pl t/foo.t t/bar.t

## run test scripts under 't' directory
$ oktest.pl t

## change reporting style
$ oktest.pl -s plain t       # or -sp
$ oktest.pl -s simple t      # or -ss
$ oktest.pl -s verbose t     # or -sv

## filter by spec description
$ oktest.pl --spec='1+1 should be 2' t    # string
$ oktest.pl --spec='/^.*should.*$/' t     # regexp

## filter by topic name
$ oktest.pl --topic='ClassName' t        # string
$ oktest.pl --topic='/^\w+$/' t          # regexp

Oktest Internal

Internal of Oktest consist of three stages: (1) create tree of topics, (2) counts number of specs, (3) calls spec blocks.

For example:

topic "ClassName", sub {
    topic "method_foo()", sub {
        sub "spec1", sub { ... };
        sub "spec2", sub { ... };
    };
    topic "method_bar()", sub {
        sub "spec3", sub { ... };
        sub "spec4", sub { ... };
    };
};
Oktest::main();

The above code is equvarent roughly to the follwing:

## Step (1): creates tree of topics
## (Notice that topic blocks are called but spec blocks are not called yet)
my $t1 = TopicObject->new("ClassName");
my $t2 = TopicObject->new("method_foo()", $t1);
$t2->add_spec(SpecObject->new("spec1", sub { ... }));
$t2->add_spec(SpecObject->new("spec2", sub { ... }));
my $t3 = TopicObject->new("method_bar()", $t1);
$t3->add_spec(SpecObject->new("spec3", sub { ... }));
$t3->add_spec(SpecObject->new("spec4", sub { ... }));

## Step (2): counts number of specs and prints test plan
my $n = $t1->_count_specs();
print "1..$n\n";

## Step (3): call spec blocks and prints results
for my $to ($t1->{topics}) {         ## $to is TopicObject
    for my $so ($to->{specs}) {      ## $so is SpecObject
        undef $@;
        eval { $so->{block}->() };
        print $@ ? "not ok - " : "ok - ";
        print $so->{desc}, "\n";
    }
}

The above shows difference between Oktest and Test::More.

Test::More requries you to maintain test plan by yourself, on the other hand Oktest counts test plan automatically.
Test::More prints result ('ok' or 'not ok') for each assertions, on the other hand Oktest prints result for each specs.
It is difficult to do only a certain test in Test::More, on the other hand it is easy to filter topic or spec in Oktest.

REFERENCE

package Oktest

topic(String name, Code block)

Represents spec topic, for example ClassName, method_name(), or feature-name.

Block of 'topic()' can contain other 'topic()', 'case_when()', and 'spec()'.

See "Structured Test Code" section for sample code.

case_when(String description, Code block)

Represents test context, for example "when data is not found in database..." or "when argument is not passed...".

This is almost same as 'topic()', but intended to represent test context.

Block of 'case_when()' can contain 'block()', 'spec()', or other 'case_when()'.

See "Structured Test Code" section for sample code.

spec(String description[, Code block])

Represents spec details, for example "should return integer value" or "should die with appropriate message".

Argument 'description' describes spec description, and 'block' contains assertions to validate your code.

If body block is not passed then 'sub { TODO("not implemented yet") }' is created instead.

Body of 'spec()' can't contain both 'topics()', 'case_when()' nor 'spec()'.

This function should be called in blocks of 'topic()' or 'case_when()'.

See "Structured Test Code" section for sample code.

OK(Any actual)

Represents assertion.

See "Assertions" section for sample code.

If you call OK() but no assertion specified, Oktest will report you about it.

## Assertion 'is_a' specified
OK (Class->new())->is_a('Class');
## No assertion specified, and Oktest will report you about it
OK (Class->new())->isa('Class');   # 'isa' is not an assertion

skip_when(Boolean condition, String reason)

If condition is true then the rest assertions in the same spec are skipped.

This should be called in blocks of 'spec()'.

See "Skip and TODO" section for sample code.

TODO(String description)

Represents that the test code is not wrote yet.

This should be called in blocks of 'spec()'.

See "Skip and TODO" section for sample code.

before(Code block)

Register code block to be called before each spec. If topics are nested then outer 'before' block is called before inner 'before' block.

This is equivarent to setUp() method in xUnit.

See "Setup/Teardown" section for sample code.

after(Code block)

Register code block to be called after each spec. If topics are nested then inner 'after' block is called before outer 'after' block.

This is equivarent to tearDown() method in xUnit.

See "Setup/Teardown" section for sample code.

before_all(Code block)

See "Setup/Teardown" section for sample code.

after_all(Code block)

See "Setup/Teardown" section for sample code.

at_exit(Code block)

Register code block to be called after that spec. This is very convenient to specify 'tearDown' operation for a certaion spec.

This should be called in spec block.

See "Setup/Teardown" section for sample code.

Oktest::main()

Runs all specs and reports result.

This should be called as 'Oktest::main()', not 'main()'.

See "Structured Test Code" section for sample code.

package Oktest::Migration::TestMore

See "Test::More Migration" section.

TODO

[_] User-Defined Assertion
[_] Colorized Output
[_] Tracer
[_] Fixture Injection
[_] Multi-Process Test Runner

AUTHOR

makoto kuwata <kwa@kuwata-lab.com>

LICENSE

MIT License

To install Oktest, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.

cpanm

cpanm Oktest

CPAN shell

perl -MCPAN -e shell
install Oktest

For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.

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NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Structured Test Code

Assertions

Setup/Teardown

Skip and TODO

Test::More Migration

Filter by Pattern

Reporting Style

Command-line Interface

Oktest Internal

REFERENCE

package Oktest

package Oktest::Migration::TestMore

TODO

AUTHOR

LICENSE

Module Install Instructions