NAME
Image::MetaData::JPEG::MakerNotes - random information and details on MakerNotes
OVERVIEW
This document contains random information and details on MakerNotes; it is an appendix to the main manual page of the Image::MetaData::JPEG module, which the reader should refer to for further details and the general scope. The note on MakerNote parsing in the main manual page is of particular interest.
Pieces of information available after parsing the MakerNote
The result of the process of parsing the maker note is stored in a directory in the internal data structure for the APP1 Segment, whose path is "IFD@SubIFD@MakerNoteData_$format", where $format is the specific note format; the 'MakerNote' entry in IFD0@SubIFD is then removed. This translation happens always, because there is a catch-all 'unknown' rule for a binary makernote with very broad acceptance rules. The maker note directory contains, in addition, a special subdir with some fields reporting about the parsing process.
key content
-------- -------
ORIGINAL the raw content of the maker note (unparsed)
SIGNATURE the first few bytes which allowed the format to be chosen
ENDIANNESS the byte order chosen during parsing
FORMAT the maker note format chosen during parsing
ERROR [optional] error details, in case of failure while parsingSupported MakerNote formats
Maker note formats are specified in a special internal hash, with a key for each format (including the 'unknown' format). Each format entry corresponds to an anonymous hash containing information for parsing the MakerNote; the "normal" format is considered to be an IFD-like MakerNote with a next_link pointer, offsets counted from the global TIFF header and no MakerNote internal TIFF header.
key meaning or effect
--------- -----------------
signature the MakerNote signature (a regular expression)
maker the Maker signature (i.e., its name, no regex)
tags a reference to a hash for tag translations
(A) mkntstart if set, offsets are counted from the maker note start
(B) mkntTIFF if set, offsets are counted from the internal TIFF header
(C) ignore if set, the format is to be ignored
(D) nonext if set, the maker note IFD does not have a next_link
(E) endianness if set, the byte order is fixed to this value
(F) nonIFD if set, the maker note is not IFD-likeCurrently, "supported" formats are described in the following table; authoritative data is indeed kept in Tables_makernotes.pl, to which the reader should refer for tag definitions and translations. Remember that both the 'signature' and the 'maker' fields are regular expressions matching at the beginning (the real signature corresponds to $1).
A B C D E F Maker Signature
----------- --------- -----------------
Agfa AGFA (AGFA \000\001)
Canon Canon ()
Casio_1 CASIO ()[^Q]
Casio_2 CASIO (QVC\000{3})
Epson EPSON (EPSON\000\001\000)
Foveon FOVEON (FOVEON\000{2}\001\000)
Fujifilm x FUJIFILM (FUJIFILM\014\000{3})
HPackard x Hewlett-Packard (HP)
Kyocera x x KYOCERA (KYOCERA {12}\000{3})
Kodak B x KODAK (KDK INFO[a-zA-Z0-9]* )
Minolta_1 MINOLTA ().{10}MLT0
Minolta_2 Minolta ().{10}MLT0
Konica x Minolta|KONICA ((MLY|KC|(\+M){4})|\001\000{5}\004)
Nikon_1 NIKON (Nikon\000\001\000)
Nikon_2 NIKON ()[^N]
Nikon_3 x NIKON (Nikon\000\002[\020\000]\000{2})
Olympus OLYMPUS (OLYMP\000[\001\002]\000)
Panasonic_1 x Panasonic (Panasonic\000{3})
Panasonic_2 x x Panasonic (MKED)
Pentax_1 x Asahi ()[^A]
Pentax_2 x x Asahi (AOC\000..)
Ricoh_1 x RICOH (Rv|Rev)
Ricoh_2 x RICOH (\000)
Ricoh_3 RICOH ((Ricoh|RICOH)\000{3})
Sanyo SANYO (SANYO\000\001\000)
Sigma SIGMA (SIGMA\000{3}\001\000)
Sony x SONY (SONY (CAM|DSC) \000{3})
Toshiba x TOSHIBA ()
unknown x . ()References
MakerNote format details are not usually released by vendors (well, this is an euphemism: no vendor ever, to my knowledge, released any detail on its format, exception made for Sigma/Foveon). All information used for this package was collected on the Internet (and its reliability is therefore limited) or through personal tests. Some interesting sites are (not an exhaustive list at all):
General: home.arcor.de/ahuggel/exiv2/makernote.html
.....: www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/makernotes.html
Agfa: www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/agfa_mn.html
Canon: www.burren.cx/david/canon.html
Casio: park2.wakwak.com/~tsuruzoh/Computer/Digicams/exif-e.html
...: www.dicasoft.de/casiomn.htm
Epson: www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/epson_mn.html
Foveon: Foveon is the same as Sigma, see Sigma
Fujifilm: park2.wakwak.com/~tsuruzoh/Computer/Digicams/exif-e.html
......: www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/fujifilm_mn.html
Kyocera: www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/kyocera_mn.html
Kodak: my personal tests with my Kodak DX3900 (not IFD-like)
Minolta: www.dalibor.cz/minolta/makernote.htm
.....: www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/minolta_mn.html
Nikon: park2.wakwak.com/~tsuruzoh/Computer/Digicams/exif-e.html
...: www.tawbaware.com/990exif.htm
...: www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/nikon_mn.html
Olympus: park2.wakwak.com/~tsuruzoh/Computer/Digicams/exif-e.html
.....: www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/olympus_mn.html
Panasonic: www.compton.nu/panasonic.html
Pentax: www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/pentax_mn.html
Ricoh: www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/ricoh_mn.html
Sanyo: www.exif.org/makernotes/SanyoMakerNote.html
Sigma: www.x3f.info/technotes/FileDocs/MakerNoteDoc.html
Sony: www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/sony_mn.htmlDX3900 MakerNote format
Kodak MakerNotes are written in a proprietary binary format, which is not IFD-like. So, there is no way to detect the beginning, end and type of a field; everything here was inferred through a careful comparison of the content of a set of Kodak JPEG files and their shot parameters. Fields seems to be aligned on four bytes boundaries. For the DX3900 model the endianness is always fixed to big endian. The signature regular expression is "^(KDK INFO[a-zA-Z0-9]* )", the maker is 'KODAK'. The meaning of the tags is as follows:
BYTE ??? firmware version? This is always 3
BYTE Compression 1 = normal, 2 = 2160x1440 high compression
BYTE BurstMode 0 = off, 1 = on
BYTE MacroMode 0 = normal, 1 = close-up
SHORT PixelXDimension \ allowed 2160x1440, 1800x1200,
SHORT PixelYDimension / values: 1536x1024, 1080x720
SHORT Year the year value, with four digits
BYTE Month the month value (in [1,12])
BYTE Day the day value (in [1,31])
BYTE Hour the hour value (in [0,23])
BYTE Minute the minute value (in [0,59])
BYTE Second the second value (in [0,59])
BYTE SubSecond (in 130th of seconds?)
SHORT ??? ???
BYTE ??? ???
BYTE ShutterMode 0 = auto, 32 = manual
BYTE MeteringMode 0 = multi-pattern, 1=centre weight., 2=centre spot
BYTE BurstSequenceIndex index in [1,8], 0 if burst mode off
SHORT FNumber 100 times the Exif F-number
LONG ExposureTime in 10^-5 seconds
SSHORT ExposureBiasValue 1000 times the exposure bias in [-2,+2 step .5]
SHORT ??? ???
LONG ??? \
LONG ??? \ is this an estimate of the subject
LONG ??? / distance? If so, it is very rough.
LONG ??? /
BYTE FocusMode 0 = auto, 2 = close, 3 = infinity
BYTE ??? always 2
SHORT ??? ???
SSHORT PanoramaMode 0 = normal, -1 = focus at infinity
SHORT SubjectDistance (x-28)*2.54+7 looks like the distance in cm
BYTE WhiteBalance 0 = normal, 1 = fluor., 2 = tungsten, 3 = daylight
(27 bytes with unknown meaning here)
BYTE FlashMode 0 = auto, 1 = on, 2 = off, 3 = red-eyes
BYTE FlashFired 0 = yes, 1 = no
SHORT ISOSpeedMode the requested speed in {100,200,400} or zero
SHORT ??? ???
SHORT TotalZoomFactor 100 times the zoom factor in [+1,+6 step 0.1]
SHORT DateTimeStampMode 0 = none, [1,6] = the six modes
SHORT ColourMode 1 = black & white, 2 = sepia, 32 = colour
SHORT DigitalZoomFactor 100 times the zoom factor in [+1,+3 step 0.1]
BYTE ??? always zero
SBYTE Sharpness 0 = standard, 1 = sharp, -1 = soft
(808 bytes with unknown meaning here, maybe a thumbnail?)AUTHOR
Stefano Bettelli, bettelli@cpan.org
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Copyright (C) 2004,2005,2006 by Stefano Bettelli
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License. See the COPYING and LICENSE file for the license terms.
SEE ALSO
The main documentation page for the Image::MetaData::JPEG module.