NAME
Lab::Measurement::Examples::Example2_Gate_IV_scan - Lab::Measurement for DUMMIES - Example 2 - Nested Sweeps
VERSION
version 3.900
Abstract
This is a simple, but fully functional Lab::Measurment script. Its purpose as a measurement script is to record a set of IV-curves at a series of gate voltages. However it is also a tutorial, that introduces the nested sweep feature. Beginners should read Example1 first.
Introduction
Example 1 presented a step by step tutorial in writing a simple Lab::Measurement script using the Moose sweep functionality. In this example we show how to extend this script, in order to get a set of IV-curves at a series of gate voltages. Lab::Measurement offers nice features to implement this extension in a very simple and mostly already familiar way. In the following, we will focus the new parts of our script and discuss their meaning.
#-------- 0. Import Lab::Moose -------------
use Lab::Moose;
#-------- 1. Initialize Instruments --------
my $sample = "cnt13a";
my $bias = instrument(
type => 'YokogawaGS200',
connection_type => 'LinuxGPIB',
connection_options => {pad => 3},
max_units_per_step => 1,
max_units_per_second => 20,
min_units => -10,
max_units => 10,
);
my $biasdivider = 1000;
# the bias voltage is divided 1:1000 in hardware
my $multimeter = instrument(
type => 'Keysight34470A',
connection_type => 'VXI11',
connection_options => {host => '192.168.3.28'},
nlpc => 10;
);
my $gate = instrument(
type => 'YokogawaGS200',
connection_type => 'LinuxGPIB',
connection_options => {pad => 1},
max_units_per_step => 0.01,
max_units_per_second => 0.1,
min_units => -10,
max_units => 10,
);
my $sensitivity = 1e9;
# the preamplifier converts 1nA -> 1V
#-------- 2. Define the Sweeps -------------
my $gate_sweep = sweep(
type => 'Step::Voltage',
instrument => $gate,
from => -5,
to => 5,
step => 0.002
);
my $bias_sweep = sweep(
type => 'Step::Voltage',
instrument => $bias,
delay_in_loop => 0.05,
delay_before_loop => 10, # wait 10s before sweep
from => -5, # reminder: voltage divider 1:1000
to => 5,
step => 0.005
);
#-------- 3. Create a a datafile and plot ---
my $datafile = sweep_datafile(
columns => [qw/gate bias current/]
);
$datafile->add_plot(
type => 'pm3d',
x => 'gate',
y => 'bias',
z => 'current'
);
#-------- 4. Measurement Instructions -------
my $meas = sub {
my $sweep = shift;
my $gate = $gateyoko->cached_level();
my $current = $multimeter->get_value() / $sensitivity;
my $bias = $biasyoko->cached_level() / $divider;
$sweep->log(
gate => $gate,
bias => $bias,
current => $current,
);
};
#-------- 5. And run it ... ----------------
$gate_sweep->start(
slave => $bias_sweep,
measurement => $meas,
datafile => $datafile,
folder => $sample.'diamonds',
date_prefix => 1,
);
1;The code
Instrument initialization
#-------- 0. Import Lab::Moose -------------
use Lab::Moose;
#-------- 1. Initialize Instruments --------
my $sample = "cnt13a";
my $bias = instrument(
type => 'YokogawaGS200',
connection_type => 'LinuxGPIB',
connection_options => {pad => 3},
max_units_per_step => 1,
max_units_per_second => 20,
min_units => -10,
max_units => 10,
);
my $biasdivider = 1000;
# the bias voltage is divided 1:1000 in hardware
my $multimeter = instrument(
type => 'Keysight34470A',
connection_type => 'VXI11',
connection_options => {host => '192.168.3.28'},
nlpc => 10;
);
my $gate = instrument(
type => 'YokogawaGS200',
connection_type => 'LinuxGPIB',
connection_options => {pad => 1},
max_units_per_step => 0.01,
max_units_per_second => 0.1,
min_units => -10,
max_units => 10,
);
my $sensitivity = 1e9;
# the preamplifier converts 1nA -> 1VIn this first part of this script, we are doing more or less the same as in Example 1. We import the Lab::Moose module, and theninitialize the instruments that we need. What's new is that we initialize here a third instrument, the bias voltage source, which is again a Yokogawa GS200. No big deal, so far.
In addition, we define a few constants that characterize our experiment: the sample name $sample, the factor of a voltage divider that is placed between bias Yokogawa and sample $biasdivider, and the sensitivity of a current preamplifier $sensitivity.
Sweep Objects
#-------- 2. Define the Sweeps -------------
my $gate_sweep = sweep(
type => 'Step::Voltage',
instrument => $gate,
from => -5,
to => 5,
step => 0.002
);
my $bias_sweep = sweep(
type => 'Step::Voltage',
instrument => $bias,
delay_in_loop => 0.05,
delay_before_loop => 2, # wait 2s before sweep
from => -5, # reminder: voltage divider 1:1000
to => 5,
step => 0.005
);In this experiment, we want to measure the current through our sample, depending on two parameters: the bias (or source-drain) voltage and the gate voltage. Of course, that means we need instead of only one sweep now two sweeps. And as you see, we create a second sweep which we call $gate_sweep.
We intend that the "outer loop" is the gate sweep. For each gate voltage value, the bias sweep is executed. Since we want to make sure the preamplifier has settled after returning the bias voltage to the start value, we add to the bias sweep a parameter delay_before_loop of 2 seconds.
The datafile and the plot
#-------- 3. Create a a datafile and plot ---
my $datafile = sweep_datafile(
columns => [qw/gate bias current/]
);
$datafile->add_plot(
type => 'pm3d',
x => 'gate',
y => 'bias',
z => 'current'
);There is almost nothing new here, except that the plot type is now pm3d. This creates a color coded 2D plot. Therefore we have to specify a third axis, the z-axis, which defines the values, which will be presented color-coded in the plot later on.
4. The measurement instructions
#-------- 4. Measurement Instructions -------
my $meas = sub {
my $sweep = shift;
my $gate = $gateyoko->cached_level();
my $current = $multimeter->get_value() / $sensitivity;
my $bias = $biasyoko->cached_level() / $divider;
$sweep->log(
gate => $gate,
bias => $bias,
current => $current,
);
};Again, almost nothing new here. Note how we use the various variables that we defined above.
5. Running it.
This is the place where now we have to put the two sweeps together.
#-------- 5. And run it ... ----------------
$gate_sweep->start(
slave => $bias_sweep,
measurement => $meas,
datafile => $datafile,
folder => $sample.'diamonds',
date_prefix => 1,
);We start the gate sweep (the outer loop), and at the same time tell it to run the bias sweep as "slave", i.e., as inner loop.
And that's it!
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
This software is copyright (c) 2023 by the Lab::Measurement team; in detail:
Copyright 2017 Simon Reinhardt
2018 Andreas K. HuettelThis is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.