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Mongoose-0.33
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/ Mongoose::Cookbook

NAME

Mongoose::Cookbook - recipes, recipes

RECIPES

Here we go.

Connecting to MongoDB

First connect to a database before starting to use your classes.

use Mongoose;
Mongoose->db( 'mydb'); # looks for a localhost connection

# or, for more control:

Mongoose->db(
    host=>'mongodb://data.server:4000',
    db_name=>'mydb'
);

This is done globally here for simplicity sake, but multiple connections and databases are also supported.

Connecting to more than one database

This is a work in progress. Right now this syntax is supported:

# No class, this will be default db
Mongoose->db( db_name=>'mydbone', ... );

# A db for one class
Mongoose->db( class=>'Person', db_name=>'mydbone', ... );

# A db/host for several classes
Mongoose->db( class=>['Address', 'Telephone'], db_name=>'mydbtwo', host=>'mongodb://host:27017' );

This is quite rudimentary, and will probably change in the future.

Loading a Schema

To quickly load your Mongoose classes (or any kind of package for that matter), use the load_schema method:

package main;
Mongoose->load_schema( search_path=>'MyApp::Schema', shorten=>1 );

Use it only once in your program. Your modules will be required and may be used from anywhere else.

If set to 1, the shorten option will alias MyApp::Schema::MyClass into MyClass for convenience.

Preventing attributes from being stored

In case your class has attributes you don't want to store in the database.

package Person;
use Moose;
with 'Mongoose::Document';

has 'name' => ( is => 'rw', isa => 'Str', required => 1 );
has 'age'  => ( is => 'rw', isa => 'Int', default  => 40 );
has 'salary' => ( is => 'rw', isa => 'Int', traits => ['DoNotMongoSerialize'] );

One-to-many Relationships

This can be accomplished several ways.

ArrayRef

Use the ArrayRef Moose type.

package Person;
use Moose;
with 'Mongoose::Document';

has 'name' => ( is => 'rw', isa => 'Str', required => 1 );
has 'accounts'  => ( is => 'rw', isa => 'ArrayRef[Account]' );

Then, define the Account class, either as a document or embedded document, depending on how you want it stored.

package Address;
use Moose;
with Mongoose::EmbeddedDocument;

has 'amount' => ...;

But this has a memory and performance cost, since all related rows will be loaded in memory during object expansion.

To avoid loading related rows, use a Mongoose::Join parameterized type.

Mongoose::Join

Establishing a Mongoose::Join relationship will load relationships lazily:

package Person;
use Moose; with 'Mongoose::Document';

has 'name' => ( is => 'rw', isa => 'Str', required => 1 );
has 'accounts'  => ( is => 'rw', isa => 'Mongoose::Join[Account]' );

Then retrieve data with a cursor:

my $large_acc = $person->accounts->find({ amount => { '$gt' => 100000 } });
while( my $account = $large_acc->next ) {
    ...
}

Sugar for Defining Relationships

Use Mongoose::Class instead of Moose.

package Article;
use Mongoose::Class;
with 'Mongoose::Document';
has        title     => ( is => 'rw', isa => 'Str', required => 1 );
has_one    author    => 'Author';
has_many   comments  => 'Comment';
belongs_to acc       => 'Account';

Normalizing a Relationship

Normalization is a relational concept, not natural to the document-oriented MongoDB, but an useful approach that should sometimes be taken into consideration.

Sometimes it may just be more adequate than storing relationships directly in objects:

package Authorship;
use Mongoose::Class; with 'Mongoose::Document';

has_one 'author' => 'Author';
has_many 'articles' => 'Article';

# or even:
#  has_one 'article' => 'Article';

package main;

# create

my $authorship = Authorship->new;
$authorship->author( Author->new );
$authorship->articles->add( Article->new );
$authorship->articles->add( Article->new );

# find

my $articles = Authorship->find_one({ author=>$author->_id });
while( my $article = $articles->next ) {
    ...
}

Package aliasing

To make a long package name shorter, use:

package My::Mumbo::Jumbo::Class;
with 'Mongoose::Document' => {
    -as    => 'Mumbo',
};

# then in your code

my $obj = Mumbo->find_one({ flavor=>'gum' })

print ref $obj;
# prints 'My::Mumbo::Jumbo::Class'

print $obj->isa('Mumbo')
# prints 1

Method aliasing

In case you don't want a find_one or save method polluting your class.

package BankAccount;
with 'Mongoose::Document' => {
    -alias    => { 'find_one' => '_find_one' },
    -excludes => { 'find_one' },
};

Raw Storage of Attribute Values

By default when collapsing data into the DB, Mongoose always sends to the MongoDB driver an unblessed version of your attribute.

But there are special types of objects that the Perl MongoDB driver may expect to receive blessed, such as a MongoDB::Code object.

To skip the Mongoose Engine collapsing process altogether, use the Raw trait. That way, the MongoDB driver will receive the attribute as is.

has 'code' => ( is=>'rw', isa=>'MongoDB::Code', traits=>['Raw'] );

DateTime Handling

DateTime and DateTime::Tiny objects are passed untouched to the MongoDB driver, so using the Raw helper is not necesary.

This attribute:

has date => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => 'DateTime',
    default => sub{ DateTime->now }
);

Is exactly the same as:

has date => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => 'DateTime',
    traits  => ['Raw'],
    default => sub{ DateTime->now }
);

Which in turn is stored as:

{
    "_id" : ObjectId("4c750574a74100a588000000"),
    "date" : ISODate("2012-12-20T05:00:49Z")
}

Either way the object will be expanded back from the database into a DateTime object.

Paging and Sorting

Just use MongoDB's query standard syntax:

# sorting

my $sorted = Person->query( {}, { sort_by => { name => 1 } } )->each(
    sub {
        my $person = shift;
        print $person->name;
    }
);

# paging

my $paged = Person->query(
    {},
    {
        sort_by => { name => 1 },
        limit   => 20,
        skip    => 40
    }
  )->each(
    sub {
        my $person = shift;
        print $person->name;
    }
  );

FileHandle

Support for the FileHandle Moose type is done making use of MooseDB::GridFS.

package Thing;
use Mongoose::Class; with 'Mongoose::Document';
has 'file' => ( is=>'rw', isa=>'FileHandle' );

Then store it using a FileHandle type object:

require IO::File;
my $fh = new IO::File "myfile.txt", "r";
my $t = Thing->new( file=>$fh );
$t->save;

The file is stored in Mongo's GridFS using the _id as filename. A special reference is created in your document to point to the GridFS file. The thing collection BSON may look like this:

{ "file":
    { "$ref": "FileHandle",
      "$id": ObjectId("4c7619d02f2e70d7a4140000") }
}

When expanding the doc, the file attibute becomes a Mongoose::File, an extension of MongoDB::GridFS::File, which can be easily slurped or streamed.

my $file = Thing->find_one->file;

print $file->isa('MongoDB::GridFS::File'); # prints 1

This is asymmetric, which means it's probably best if you check the attribute if it isa Mongoose::File before using it as such, specially in your class methods.

package Thing;
# ...
sub my_file_method {
    my $self = shift;
    if( $self->file->isa('Mongoose::File') ) {
        my $data = $file->slurp; 
        # do stuff 
    } else {
        # probably an IO::File filehandle still
    }
}

This less-than-optimal asymmetric behavior may change in the future.

Direct access to MongoDB Calls

To skip Mongoose and have direct access to MongoDB, use the db and collection methods on your class:

# finds and expands documents into objects

my $cur = Person->find;

# or just get the plain documents (hashrefs)

my $cur = Person->collection->find;

# get the MongoDB::Database object for your class

my $db = Person->db;
$db->run_command({ shutdown => 1 });

This can be useful for performance reasons, when you don't need to expand objects, or need to access MongoDB functionality not available in Mongoose. It's also useful for testing, to compare if some set of query results returned by Mongoose are identical to the straight MongoDB driver's results.

Finding by string _id

If you're passing around the _id attribute from your objects in, ie, a webapp, you're probably turning it into a string.

The MongoDB way of retrieving an _id from a string is a little annoying to type:

$author_id = "4dd77f4ebf4342d711000000";
$author = Author->find_one({ _id=>MongoDB::OID->new( value=>$author_id ) });

So, now there is a shorthand variation of find_one to this for you:

$author = Author->find_one( '4dd77f4ebf4342d711000000' );

Will automatically search by _id on the given value by first turning it into a MongoDB::OID.