NAME

Language::MuldisD::PerlHosted - How to format Perl Hosted Abstract Muldis D

VERSION

This document is Language::MuldisD::PerlHosted version 0.8.0.

PREFACE

This document is part of the Muldis D language specification, whose root document is Language::MuldisD; you should read that root document before you read this one, which provides subservient details.

DESCRIPTION

This document outlines the specification of Abstract Muldis D as hosted in either Perl 5 or Perl 6, and as composed of just|mainly core Perl types; for brevity, the term PHMD will be used to refer to this spec.

Where Perl 5 and 6 differ, the terminology and examples in this documentation specifically uses Perl 6 terminology and examples by default, and adds analogous Perl 5 terminology as necessary.

Fundamentally, the various Muldis D scalar and collection types are represented by their equivalent Perl 5 or 6 native scalar and collection types. But since Muldis D is more strongly typed, or at least differently typed, than Perl, each Muldis D literal is represented by a Perl Array, whose elements include both the payload Perl literal plus explicit meta-data for how to interpret that Perl literal for mapping to Muldis D.

This document mainly just specifies a way to represent Muldis D values as Perl values. Since the fundamental way to do data definition in Muldis D is to update catalog (information schema) variables, aka the Muldis D meta-model, which are themselves just data, then this document only needs to tell you how to define values to put in the catalog variables. Defining data types or routines are done by defining catalog values describing them.

See instead Language::MuldisD::Core for how to actually define the tuples and relations that define your data types and routines and queries and so forth.

Note that this document (along with the aforementioned) is also intended to serve as a proposal for a generic portable AST that various Perl applications and components can use to represent their database schemas and queries, regardless of whether a native Muldis D implementation is in use; or this document can be used as a point of departure for documenting some alternative AST for that purpose.

This documentation is pending.

GENERAL STRUCTURE

A PHMD value is composed mainly of a tree of Perl Array, such that each Array is a tree node. The elements of each node/Array include typically a native Perl payload value, which may be a PHMD value itself, plus meta-data for that payload, that meta-data typically including the analogy of a class name, were PHMD nodes instead represented by a tree of PHMD-specific objects.

It should be emphasized that no Perl undefined values are allowed anywhere in a PHMD value; you must use only defined values instead. This documentation also assumes that only defined values are used, and that supplying a Perl undef will result in an error. If you genuinely want to represent that a value is unknown or inapplicable, then the Nothing node type is provided as one way you can explicitly say so. This policy may be reconsidered.

The root Perl Array of a PHMD value has 4 elements, which are:

The AST language/schema base name, specifically the Perl Str value MuldisD for this spec.
The AST language/schema authority, encoded as a Perl Str value. The authority string is interpreted within the context of the language/schema name, which for the MuldisD spec is the range of authority string formats permitted for the long names of Perl 6 packages, such as a CPAN identifier or an http url, although what's allowed may be open-ended. For the official/original Muldis D language spec by Darren Duncan, that string is always cpan:DUNCAND during the foreseeable future. If someone else wants to embrace and extend Muldis D, such as to include proprietary extensions, or incompatible changes, then they must use something other than cpan:DUNCAND for the authority, (and optionally, change the name from MuldisD as well if that seems appropriate), to prevent ambiguity.
The AST language/schema version number, encoded as a Perl Str value. The version number string is interpreted within the context of both the language/schema name and language/schema authority, which for the MuldisD plus cpan:DUNCAND spec is the normal 3-integer-parts (X.Y.Z) version format normal for the long names of Perl 6 packages and many other versioned projects in general. At the present time, the official spec version number to use is shown in the VERSION and DESCRIPTION of the MuldisD.pm file, when corresponding to the spec containing that file.
The payload is any other PHMD node.

Examples of a root node:

[ 'MuldisD', 'cpan:DUNCAND', '1.2.3', [ 'Bool', 'md_enum', 'false' ] ]

Both the payload node under the root node and every other node is a Perl Array with usually 2+ elements, where the first element is a Perl Str saying what kind of node it is, and the last element is the typically-single payload, and any sometimes-optional intermediate elements give extra meta-data to specify which of possibly several representation formats the payload is, so that it is correctly interpreted. Typically speaking, only the payload element might be a Perl collection type, and typically all the other elements are Perl scalars.

Note that a Hosted Abstract Muldis D implementation may eschew the above 4-element Array as the root PHMD node for all PHMD trees, and instead have a separate virtual machine configuration step taking just the first 3 elements (base name, authority, version number), to provide a context for subsequent use of PHMD trees that consist of just what would otherwise be the 4th (payload) element.

Examples; at VM config time:

[ 'MuldisD', 'cpan:DUNCAND', '1.2.3' ]

Then later, just:

[ 'Bool', 'md_enum', 'false' ]

SCALAR VALUES

sys.Core.Bool.Bool

This node type represents a logical boolean value. It has 3 elements:

Node type: the Perl Str value Bool.
Format; one of: md_enum, perl_bool, any_perl.
The payload.

This node is interpreted as a Muldis D sys.Core.Bool.Bool value as follows:

If the format is md_enum, then the payload must be a Perl Str having one of the values false, true. This format specifically is what the Concrete Muldis D grammar uses, and is the result of parsing it.
If the format is perl_bool, then: Under Perl 6, the payload must be a Perl Bool, and so Bool::False and Bool::True are mapped directly. Under Perl 5, the payload must be just the specific result of a Perl 5 logical expression, such as (1 == 0) or (1 == 1), and nothing else; said values are probably the empty string and number 1, respectively.
If the format is any_perl, then the payload may be any Perl value, and it is simply coerced into a boolean context as per Perl's own semantics; typically for built-in scalars, the empty string and number zero are considered false, and everything else true.

Examples:

[ 'Bool', 'md_enum', 'true' ]

[ 'Bool', 'perl_bool', Bool::False ] # Perl 6 only

[ 'Bool', 'perl_bool', (1 == 0) ]

[ 'Bool', 'perl_any', 42 ]

sys.Core.Int.Int

This node type represents an integer value. It has 3-4 elements:

Node type: the Perl Str value Int.
Format; one of: md_int, perl_int, any_perl.
Only when format is md_int; the max-col-val.
The payload.

This node is interpreted as a Muldis D sys.Core.Int.Int value as follows:

If the format is md_int, then the max-col-val must be a Perl Str composed of a single [1-9A-Z] character, and the payload must be a Perl Str of the format 0 or \-?<[1-9A-Z]><[0-9A-Z]>*. This format specifically is what the Concrete Muldis D grammar uses, and is the result of parsing it. The payload is interpreted as a base-N integer where N might be between 2 and 36, and the given max-col-val says which possible value of N to use. Assuming all column values are between zero and N-minus-one, the max-col-val contains that N-minus-one. So to specify, eg, bases [2,8,10,16], use max-col-val of [1,7,9,F].
If the format is perl_int, then: Under Perl 6, the payload must be a Perl Int, which is mapped directly. Under Perl 5, the payload must be just a canonical integer value according to Perl.
If the format is any_perl, then the payload may be any Perl value, and it is simply coerced into an integer context as per Perl's own semantics, meaning base-10 where applicable. If something doesn't look numeric, it becomes zero; if something looks like a fractional number, it is truncated.

Examples:

[ 'Int', 'md_int', '1', '11001001' ] # binary

[ 'Int', 'md_int', '7', '0' ] # octal

[ 'Int', 'md_int', '7', '644' ] # octal

[ 'Int', 'md_int', '9', '-34' ] # decimal

[ 'Int', 'md_int', '9', '42' ] # decimal

[ 'Int', 'md_int', 'F', 'DEADBEEF' ] # hexadecimal

[ 'Int', 'md_int', 'Z', '-HELLOWORLD' ] # base-36

[ 'Int', 'perl_int', 21 ]

[ 'Int', 'any_perl', ' 171 ' ]

[ 'Int', 'md_int', '3', '301' ] # base-4

[ 'Int', 'perl_int', 0 ]

[ 'Int', 'md_int', 'B', 'A09B' ] # base-12

[ 'Int', 'perl_int', 101 ]

sys.Core.Rat.Rat

This node type represents a rational value. It has 3-4 elements:

Node type: the Perl Str value Rat.
Format; one of: md_radix, md_pair, perl_rat, perl_int_pair, any_perl, any_perl_pair.
Only when format is md_radix|md_pair; the max-col-val.
The payload.

This node is interpreted as a Muldis D sys.Core.Rat.Rat value as follows:

If the format is md_radix, then the max-col-val must be a Perl Str composed of a single [1-9A-Z] character, and the payload must be a Perl Str of the format 0 or \-?<[1-9A-Z]><[0-9A-Z]>*\.?<[0-9A-Z]>*. This format specifically is what the Concrete Muldis D grammar uses ('radix' option), and is the result of parsing it. The payload is interpreted as a base-N rational where N might be between 2 and 36, and the given max-col-val says which possible value of N to use. Assuming all column values are between zero and N-minus-one, the max-col-val contains that N-minus-one. So to specify, eg, bases [2,8,10,16], use max-col-val of [1,7,9,F].
If the format is md_pair, then the max-col-val must be as per md_radix, and the payload must be a 2-element Array|Seq where the first element is a Perl Str of the format 0 or \-?<[1-9A-Z]><[0-9A-Z]>* (an integer) and the second element is a Perl Str of the format <[1-9A-Z]><[0-9A-Z]>* (a positive integer). The payload is interpreted as per md_radix but that its value comes from the first element divided by the second. Note that while the md_radix format is limited to representing rationals whose denominator is a power of some N between 2 and 36, the md_pair format can represent those with any N that is greater than or equal to 2, such as 1/43.
If the format is perl_rat, then: Under Perl 6, the payload must be a Perl Rat (or Num), which is mapped directly. Under Perl 5, the payload must be just a canonical rational or numeric value according to Perl.
If the format is perl_int_pair, then the payload must a 2-element Array|Seq where each element must be a canonical integer (or positive integer, respectively) to Perl as per defining a perl_int; the rational's value is interpreted as the first element divided by the second.
If the format is any_perl, then the payload may be any Perl value, and it is simply coerced into a numeric context as per Perl's own semantics, meaning base-10 where applicable. If something doesn't look numeric, it becomes zero.
If the format is any_perl_pair, then the payload is as per perl_int_pair but that each array element is simply coerced into an integer context. If Perl's coercion of the denominator produces an integer less than 1, it becomes a 1. This may be revised to fail instead.

Examples:

[ 'Rat', 'md_radix', '1', '-1.1' ]

[ 'Rat', 'md_radix', '9', '-1.5' ] # same val as prev

[ 'Rat', 'md_radix', '9', '3.14159' ]

[ 'Rat', 'md_radix', 'A', '0.0' ]

[ 'Rat', 'md_radix', 'F', 'DEADBEEF.FACE' ]

[ 'Rat', 'md_radix', 'Z', '0.000AZE' ]

[ 'Rat', 'perl_rat', 21.003 ]

[ 'Rat', 'any_perl', ' 54.67 ' ]

[ 'Rat', 'md_pair', '6', [ '500001', '1000' ] ]

[ 'Rat', 'md_pair', 'B', [ 'A09B', '10' ] ]

[ 'Rat', 'perl_int_pair', [ 1, 43 ] ]

[ 'Rat', 'any_perl_pair', [ ' 57 ', ' 71 ' ] ]

sys.Core.Blob.Blob

This node type represents a bit string. It has 3-4 elements:

Node type: the Perl Str value Blob.
Format; one of: md_blob, perl_blob.
Only when format is md_blob; the max-col-val.
The payload.

This node is interpreted as a Muldis D sys.Core.Blob.Blob value as follows:

If the format is md_blob, then the max-col-val must be a Perl Str composed of a single [137F] character, and the payload must be a Perl Str of the format <[0-9A-F]>*. This format specifically is what the Concrete Muldis D grammar uses, and is the result of parsing it. Each column of the payload specifies a sequence of one of [1,2,3,4] bits, depending on whether max-col-val is [1,3,7,F].
If the format is perl_blob, then: Under Perl 6, the payload must be a Perl Blob, which is mapped directly. Under Perl 5, the payload must be just a canonical Perl bit string, which is a scalar whose utf-8 flag is false.

Examples:

[ 'Blob', 'md_blob', '1', '00101110100010' ] # binary

[ 'Blob', 'md_blob', '3', ''

[ 'Blob', 'md_blob', 'F', 'A705E' # hexadecimal

[ 'Blob', 'perl_blob', (pack 'H2', 'P') ]

[ 'Blob', 'md_blob', '7', '523504376' ]

[ 'Blob', 'perl_blob', (pack 'H2', 'Z') ]

sys.Core.Text.Text

This node type represents a character string. It has 2 elements:

Node type: the Perl Str value Text.
The payload.

This node is interpreted as a Muldis D sys.Core.Text.Text value by directly mapping the payload. Note that, while Concrete Muldis D may contain a few escape sequences, those would be replaced with what they represent prior to making a PHMD node. Under Perl 6, the payload must be a Perl Str, which is mapped directly. Under Perl 5, the payload must be just a canonical Perl character string, which is a scalar whose utf-8 flag is true, or that doesn't contain any octets with a 1-valued highest bit.

Examples:

[ 'Text', 'Ceres' ]

[ 'Text', 'サンプル' ] # note: Perl 5 needs "use utf8;" pragma to work

[ 'Text', '' ]

[ 'Text', 'Perl' ]

NONSCALAR VALUES

sys.Core.Tuple.Tuple

This node type represents a tuple value. It has 3 elements:

Node type: the Perl Str value Tuple.
Type name; any Array|Str that is a valid payload for a Cat.NameChain.
The payload; a Perl Hash|Mapping value.

This node is interpreted as a Muldis D sys.Core.Tuple.Tuple value whose heading was predefined, as a tuple data type, for referencing now by the type name, and whose body is defined now by the payload. Each key+value pair of the payload defines a named attribute of the new tuple; the pair's key and value are, respectively, a Perl Str that specifies the attribute name, and a PHMD node that specifies the attribute value. The tuple body defined by the payload must correspond to the tuple heading named by the type name; that is, they must have the same degree, same attribute names, and compatible types.

Examples:

[ 'Tuple', 'sys.Core.Tuple.D0', {} ]

[ 'Tuple', 'fed.the_db.account.user_t', {
    'login_name' => [ 'Text', 'hartmark' ],
    'login_pass' => [ 'Text', 'letmein' ],
    'is_special' => [ 'Bool', 'md_enum', 'true' ],
} ]

[ 'Tuple', 'fed.the_db.gene.person_t', {
    'name' => [ 'Text', 'Michelle' ],
    'age'  => [ 'Int', 'perl_int', 17 ],
} ]

[ 'Tuple', 'fed.the_db.account', {
    'user' => [ 'Relation', 'fed.the_db.account.user_r', ... ],
} ]

[ 'Tuple', 'fed.the_db.gene', {
    'person' => [ 'Relation', 'fed.the_db.gene.person_r', ... ],
} ]

sys.Core.Relation.Relation

This node type represents a relation value. It has 3 elements:

Node type: the Perl Str value Relation.
Type name; any Array|Str that is a valid payload for a Cat.NameChain.
The payload; a Perl Array|Seq|Set|KeySet of Hash|Mapping value.

This node is interpreted as a Muldis D sys.Core.Relation.Relation value whose heading was predefined, as a relation data type, for referencing now by the type name, and whose body is defined now by the payload. Each element of the payload defines a tuple of the new relation; each element is as per the payload of a tuple-defining PHMD node, including the need to correspond to the relation heading, which is common to all tuples in it.

Examples:

[ 'Relation', 'sys.Core.Relation.D0', [] ]

[ 'Relation', 'sys.Core.Relation.D0', [ {} ] ]

[ 'Relation', 'fed.the_db.account.user_r', [
    {
        'login_name' => [ 'Text', 'hartmark' ],
        'login_pass' => [ 'Text', 'letmein' ],
        'is_special' => [ 'Bool', 'md_enum', 'true' ],
    },
] ]

[ 'Relation', 'fed.the_db.gene.person_r', [
    {
        'name' => [ 'Text', 'Michelle' ],
        'age'  => [ 'Int', 'perl_int', 17 ],
    },
] ]

sys.Core.Relation.Set

This node type represents a set value. It has 3 elements:

Node type: the Perl Str value Set.
Type name; any Array|Str that is a valid payload for a Cat.NameChain.
The payload; a Perl Array|Seq|Set|KeySet value.

This node is interpreted as a Muldis D sys.Core.Relation.Set value whose heading was predefined, as a set data type, for referencing now by the type name, and whose body is defined now by the payload. Each element of the payload defines a unary tuple of the new set; each element is a PHMD node that defines the value attribute of the tuple.

Examples:

[ 'Set', 'fed.the_db.account.country_name', [
    [ 'Text', 'Canada' ],
    [ 'Text', 'Spain' ],
    [ 'Text', 'Jordan' ],
    [ 'Text', 'Thailand' ],
] ]

[ 'Set', 'fed.the_db.stats.some_ages', [
    [ 'Int', 'perl_int', 3 ],
    [ 'Int', 'perl_int', 16 ],
    [ 'Int', 'perl_int', 85 ],
] ]

sys.Core.Relation.Nothing

This node type represents a 'nothing' value; it is interpreted as a Muldis D sys.Core.Relation.Nothing. It has 1 element, which is the Perl Str value Nothing.

Examples:

[ 'Nothing' ]

sys.Core.Relation.Single

This node type represents a 'single' value. It has 3 elements:

Node type: the Perl Str value Single.
Type name; any Array|Str that is a valid payload for a Cat.NameChain.
The payload; a PHMD node that defines a single scalar or nonscalar value.

This node is interpreted as a Muldis D sys.Core.Relation.Single value whose heading was predefined, as a 'maybe' data type, for referencing now by the type name, and whose body is defined now by the payload. The payload is a PHMD node that defines the value attribute of the single tuple of the new 'single'.

Examples:

[ 'Single', 'fed.the_db.gene.person_death_date',
    [ 'Text', '2003.07.24' ] ]

sys.Core.Relation.Seq

This node type represents a sequence value. It has 3 elements:

Node type: the Perl Str value Seq.
Type name; any Array|Str that is a valid payload for a Cat.NameChain.
The payload; a Perl Array|Seq value.

This node is interpreted as a Muldis D sys.Core.Relation.Seq value whose heading was predefined, as a sequence data type, for referencing now by the type name, and whose body is defined now by the payload. Each element of the payload defines a binary tuple of the new sequence; the element value is a PHMD node that defines the value attribute of the tuple, and the element index is used as the index attribute of the tuple.

Examples:

[ 'Seq', 'fed.the_db.gene.sorted_person_name', [
    [ 'Text', 'Alphonse' ],
    [ 'Text', 'Edward' ],
    [ 'Text', 'Winry' ],
] ]

[ 'Seq', 'fed.the_db.stats.samples_by_order', [
    [ 'Int', 'perl_int', 57 ],
    [ 'Int', 'perl_int', 45 ],
    [ 'Int', 'perl_int', 63 ],
    [ 'Int', 'perl_int', 61 ],
] ]

sys.Core.Relation.Bag

This node type represents a bag value. It has 4 elements:

Node type: the Perl Str value Bag.
Type name; any Array|Str that is a valid payload for a Cat.NameChain.
Format; one of: aoa_counted, array_repeated, perl_bag (p6).
The payload; a Perl Bag|KeyBag value or Array|Seq or Array|Seq of Array|Seq.

This node is interpreted as a Muldis D sys.Core.Relation.Bag value whose heading was predefined, as a bag data type, for referencing now by the type name, and whose body is defined now by the payload. The payload is interpreted as follows:

If the format is aoa_counted, then the payload must be a Perl Array|Seq, and each element of the payload defines a binary tuple of the new bag; the element is a 2-element Array|Seq, and those 2 elements, by index order, are a PHMD node that defines the value attribute of the tuple, and a 2-3-element Array|Seq (which is the same as an 'Int' PHMD node minus the first constant element) that defines the count attribute of the tuple; the count must be a positive integer.
If the format is array_repeated, then the payload must be a Perl Array|Seq, and each element of the payload contributes to a binary tuple of the new bag; the element value is a PHMD node that defines the value attribute of the tuple. The bag has 1 tuple for every distinct (after format normalization) element value in the payload, and the count attribute of that tuple says how many instances of said element were in the payload.
If the format is perl_bag, then the payload must be a Perl 6 (there is no Perl 5 analogy) Bag|KeyBag value; the payload elements are PHMD nodes corresponding to the value attribute of the new bag's tuples, and the mapping is as you should expect.

Examples:

[ 'Bag', 'fed.the_db.inventory.fruit', 'aoa_counted', [
    [
        [ 'Text', 'Apple' ],
        [ 'md_int', '9', '500' ],
    ],
    [
        [ 'Text', 'Orange' ],
        [ 'perl_int', 300 ],
    ],
    [
        [ 'Text', 'Banana' ],
        [ 'perl_int', 400 ],
    ],
] ]

[ 'Bag', 'fed.the_db.inventory.whatsits', 'array_repeated', [
    [ 'Text', 'Foo' ],
    [ 'Text', 'Quux' ],
    [ 'Text', 'Foo' ],
    [ 'Text', 'Bar' ],
    [ 'Text', 'Baz' ],
    [ 'Text', 'Baz' ],
] ]

CATALOG SCALAR VALUES

sys.Core.Cat.Name

This node type represents a canonical short name for any kind of DBMS entity when declaring it; it is a non-empty character string type, that is disjoint from Text. It has 2 elements:

Node type: the Perl Str value Cat.Name.
The payload.

This node is interpreted as a Muldis D sys.Core.Cat.Name value by directly mapping the payload. Note that, while Concrete Muldis D may contain a few escape sequences, those would be replaced with what they represent prior to making a PHMD node. They payload must be as per a Text PHMD node.

Examples:

[ 'Cat.Name', 'login_pass' ]

[ 'Cat.Name', 'First Name' ]

sys.Core.Cat.NameChain

This node type represents a canonical long name for invoking some a DBMS entity in some contexts; it is conceptually a sequence of entity short names. It has 2 elements:

Node type: the Perl Str value Cat.NameChain.
The payload; a Perl Array|Seq value or Str (char-mode scalar) value.

This node is interpreted as a Muldis D sys.Core.Cat.NameChain value as follows:

If the payload is an Array|Seq, then it must have at least 1 element, and every element must be a valid payload for a Cat.Name PHMD node (that is, any non-empty Perl character string). Each element of the payload, in order, defines an element of the sequence possrep of a Cat.NameChain.
If the payload is a Str, then it must be formatted as a catenation (using period (.) separators) of at least 1 part, where each part is escaped such that backslashes, single-quotes, and periods are escaped as \b, \q and \p respectively.

Examples:

[ 'Cat.NameChain', ['fed','the_db','gene','sorted_person_name'] ]

[ 'Cat.NameChain', 'fed.the_db.stats.samples_by_order' ]

sys.Core.Cat.E_RM

This node type represents a rounding method. It has 2 elements:

Node type: the Perl Str value Cat.E_RM.
The payload.

This node is interpreted as a Muldis D sys.Core.Cat.E_RM value by directly mapping the payload. The payload must be a Perl Str having one of the 5 values half_up, to_even, to_floor, to_ceiling, to_zero.

Examples:

[ 'Cat.E_RM', 'half_up' ]

sys.Core.Cat.E_TK

This node type represents a type kind. It has 2 elements:

Node type: the Perl Str value Cat.E_TK.
The payload.

This node is interpreted as a Muldis D sys.Core.Cat.E_TK value by directly mapping the payload. The payload must be a Perl Str having one of the 8 values special, scalar, tuple, relation, quasi_scalar, quasi_tuple, quasi_relation, remnant.

Examples:

[ 'Cat.E_TK', 'scalar' ]

sys.Core.Cat.E_TDM

This node type represents a type definition method. It has 2 elements:

Node type: the Perl Str value Cat.E_TDM.
The payload.

This node is interpreted as a Muldis D sys.Core.Cat.E_TDM value by directly mapping the payload. The payload must be a Perl Str having one of the 9 values special, root, restriction, alias, union, intersection, exclusion, difference, negation.

Examples:

[ 'Cat.E_TDM', 'alias' ]

sys.Core.Cat.E_ENK

This node type represents an expression node kind. It has 2 elements:

Node type: the Perl Str value Cat.E_ENK.
The payload.

This node is interpreted as a Muldis D sys.Core.Cat.E_ENK value by directly mapping the payload. The payload must be a Perl Str having one of the 11 values default, scalar, tuple, relation, quasi_scalar, quasi_tuple, quasi_relation, param, upd_param, ro_param, func.

Examples:

[ 'Cat.E_ENK', 'default' ]

sys.Core.Cat.E_PSAK

This node type represents a procedural statement argument kind. It has 2 elements:

Node type: the Perl Str value Cat.E_PSAK.
The payload.

This node is interpreted as a Muldis D sys.Core.Cat.E_PSAK value by directly mapping the payload. The payload must be a Perl Str having one of the 5 values default, upd_param, ro_param, inner_var, outer_var.

Examples:

[ 'Cat.E_PSAK', 'ro_param' ]

AUTHOR

Darren Duncan (perl@DarrenDuncan.net)

LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT

This file is part of the formal specification of the Muldis D language.

See the LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT of Language::MuldisD for details.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS in Language::MuldisD apply to this file too.

To install Language::MuldisD, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.

cpanm

cpanm Language::MuldisD

CPAN shell

perl -MCPAN -e shell
install Language::MuldisD

For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.

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NAME

VERSION

PREFACE

DESCRIPTION

GENERAL STRUCTURE

SCALAR VALUES

sys.Core.Bool.Bool

sys.Core.Int.Int

sys.Core.Rat.Rat

sys.Core.Blob.Blob

sys.Core.Text.Text

NONSCALAR VALUES

sys.Core.Tuple.Tuple

sys.Core.Relation.Relation

sys.Core.Relation.Set

sys.Core.Relation.Nothing

sys.Core.Relation.Single

sys.Core.Relation.Seq

sys.Core.Relation.Bag

CATALOG SCALAR VALUES

sys.Core.Cat.Name

sys.Core.Cat.NameChain

sys.Core.Cat.E_RM

sys.Core.Cat.E_TK

sys.Core.Cat.E_TDM

sys.Core.Cat.E_ENK

sys.Core.Cat.E_PSAK

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Module Install Instructions