Name

App::Sqitch::Engine - Sqitch Deployment Engine

Synopsis

my $engine = App::Sqitch::Engine->new( sqitch => $sqitch );

Description

App::Sqitch::Engine provides the base class for all Sqitch storage engines. Most likely this will not be of much interest to you unless you are hacking on the engine code.

Interface

Class Methods

`key`

my $name = App::Sqitch::Engine->key;

The key name of the engine. Should be the last part of the package name.

`name`

my $name = App::Sqitch::Engine->name;

The name of the engine. Returns the same value as key by default, but should probably be overridden to return a display name for the engine.

`default_registry`

my $reg = App::Sqitch::Engine->default_registry;

Returns the name of the default registry for the engine. Most engines just inherit the default value, sqitch, but some must do more munging, such as specifying a file name, to determine the default registry name.

`default_client`

my $cli = App::Sqitch::Engine->default_client;

Returns the name of the default client for the engine. Must be implemented by each engine.

`driver`

my $driver = App::Sqitch::Engine->driver;

The name and version of the database driver to use with the engine, returned as a string suitable for passing to use. Used internally by use_driver() to use the driver and, if it dies, to display an appropriate error message. Must be overridden by subclasses.

`use_driver`

App::Sqitch::Engine->use_driver;

Uses the driver and version returned by driver. Returns an error on failure and returns true on success.

`config_vars`

my %vars = App::Sqitch::Engine->config_vars;

Returns a hash of names and types to use for configuration variables for the engine. These can be set under the core.$engine_name section in any configuration file.

The keys in the returned hash are the names of the variables. The values are the data types. Valid data types include:

any
int
num
bool
bool-or-int

Values ending in + (a plus sign) may be specified multiple times. Example:

(
    client => 'any',
    host   => 'any',
    port   => 'int',
    set    => 'any+',
)

In this example, the port variable will be stored and retrieved as an integer. The set variable may be of any type and may be included multiple times. All the other variables may be of any type.

By default, App::Sqitch::Engine returns:

(
    target   => 'any',
    registry => 'any',
    client   => 'any',
)

Subclasses for supported engines will return more.

Constructors

`load`

my $cmd = App::Sqitch::Engine->load(%params);

A factory method for instantiating Sqitch engines. It loads the subclass for the specified engine and calls new, passing the Sqitch object. Supported parameters are:

sqitch: The App::Sqitch object driving the whole thing.

`new`

my $engine = App::Sqitch::Engine->new(%params);

Instantiates and returns a App::Sqitch::Engine object.

Instance Accessors

`sqitch`

The current Sqitch object.

`target`

A string identifying the database target.

Returns the name of the target database. This will usually be the name of target specified on the command-line, or the default.

`uri`

A URI::db object representing the target database. Defaults to a URI constructed from the App::Sqitch db_* attributes.

`destination`

A string identifying the target database. Usually the same as the target, unless it's a URI with the password included, in which case it returns the value of uri with the password removed.

`registry`

The name of the registry schema or database.

`registry_destination`

A string identifying the registry database. In other words, the database in which Sqitch's own data is stored. It will usually be the same as destination(), but some engines, such as SQLite, may use a separate database. Used internally to name the target when the registration tables are created.

`start_at`

The point in the plan from which to start deploying changes.

`no_prompt`

Boolean indicating whether or not to prompt for reverts. False by default.

`log_only`

Boolean indicating whether or not to log changes without running deploy or revert scripts. This is useful for an existing database schema that needs to be converted to Sqitch. False by default.

`with_verify`

Boolean indicating whether or not to run the verification script after each deploy script. False by default.

`variables`

A hash of engine client variables to be set. May be set and retrieved as a list.

Instance Methods

`registry_destination`

my $registry_destination = $engine->registry_destination;

Returns the name of the registry database. In other words, the database in which Sqitch's own data is stored. It will usually be the same as target(), but some engines, such as SQLite, may use a separate database. Used internally to name the target when the registration tables are created.

`variables`

`set_variables`

`clear_variables`

my %vars = $engine->variables;
$engine->set_variables(foo => 'bar', baz => 'hi there');
$engine->clear_variables;

Get, set, and clear engine variables. Variables are defined as key/value pairs to be passed to the engine client in calls to deploy and revert, if the client supports variables. For example, the PostgreSQL and Vertica engines pass all the variables to their psql and vsql clients via the --set option, while the Oracle engine engine sets them via the SQL*Plus DEFINE command.

`deploy`

$engine->deploy($to_change);
$engine->deploy($to_change, $mode);
$engine->deploy($to_change, $mode);

Deploys changes to the target database, starting with the current deployment state, and continuing to $to_change. $to_change must be a valid change specification as passable to the index_of() method of App::Sqitch::Plan. If $to_change is not specified, all changes will be applied.

The second argument specifies the reversion mode in the case of deployment failure. The allowed values are:

all: In the event of failure, revert all deployed changes, back to the point at which deployment started. This is the default.
tag: In the event of failure, revert all deployed changes to the last successfully-applied tag. If no tags were applied during this deployment, all changes will be reverted to the pint at which deployment began.
change: In the event of failure, no changes will be reverted. This is on the assumption that a change failure is total, and the change may be applied again.

Note that, in the event of failure, if a reversion fails, the target database may be left in a corrupted state. Write your revert scripts carefully!

`revert`

$engine->revert;
$engine->revert($tag);
$engine->revert($tag);

Reverts the App::Sqitch::Plan::Tag from the database, including all of its associated changes.

`verify`

$engine->verify;
$engine->verify( $from );
$engine->verify( $from, $to );
$engine->verify( undef, $to );

Verifies the database against the plan. Pass in change identifiers, as described in sqitchchanges, to limit the changes to verify. For each change, information will be emitted if:

It does not appear in the plan.
It has not been deployed to the database.
It has been deployed out-of-order relative to the plan.
Its verify script fails.

Changes without verify scripts will emit a warning, but not constitute a failure. If there are any failures, an exception will be thrown once all verifications have completed.

`check_deploy_dependencies`

$engine->check_deploy_dependencies;
$engine->check_deploy_dependencies($to_index);

Validates that all dependencies will be met for all changes to be deployed, starting with the currently-deployed change up to the specified index, or to the last change in the plan if no index is passed. If any of the changes to be deployed would conflict with previously-deployed changes or are missing any required changes, an exception will be thrown. Used internally by deploy() to ensure that dependencies will be satisfied before deploying any changes.

`check_revert_dependencies`

$engine->check_revert_dependencies(@changes);

Validates that the list of changes to be reverted, which should be passed in the order in which they will be reverted, are not depended upon by other changes. If any are depended upon by other changes, an exception will be thrown listing the changes that cannot be reverted and what changes depend on them. Used internally by revert() to ensure no dependencies will be violated before revering any changes.

`deploy_change`

$engine->deploy_change($change);
$engine->deploy_change($change);

Used internally by deploy() to deploy an individual change.

`revert_change`

$engine->revert_change($change);
$engine->revert_change($change);

Used internally by revert() (and, by deploy() when a deploy fails) to revert an individual change.

`verify_change`

$engine->verify_change($change);

Used internally by deploy_change() to verify a just-deployed change if with_verify is true.

`is_deployed`

say "Tag deployed"  if $engine->is_deployed($tag);
say "Change deployed" if $engine->is_deployed($change);

Convenience method that dispatches to is_deployed_tag() or is_deployed_change() as appropriate to its argument.

`earliest_change`

my $change = $engine->earliest_change;
my $change = $engine->earliest_change($offset);

Returns the App::Sqitch::Plan::Change object representing the earliest applied change. With the optional $offset argument, the returned change will be the offset number of changes following the earliest change.

`latest_change`

my $change = $engine->latest_change;
my $change = $engine->latest_change($offset);

Returns the App::Sqitch::Plan::Change object representing the latest applied change. With the optional $offset argument, the returned change will be the offset number of changes before the latest change.

`change_for_key`

my $change = if $engine->change_for_key(key);

Searches the deployed changes for a change corresponding to the specified key, which should be in a format as described in sqitchchanges. Throws an exception if the key matches more than one changes. Returns undef if it matches no changes.

`change_id_for_key`

my $change_id = if $engine->change_id_for_key(key);

Searches the deployed changes for a change corresponding to the specified key, which should be in a format as described in sqitchchanges, and returns the change's ID. Throws an exception if the key matches more than one changes. Returns undef if it matches no changes.

`change_for_key`

my $change = if $engine->change_for_key(key);

Searches the list of deployed changes for a change corresponding to the specified key, which should be in a format as described in sqitchchanges. Throws an exception if the key matches multiple changes.

`change_id_for_depend`

say 'Dependency satisfied' if $engine->change_id_for_depend($depend);

Returns the change ID for a dependency, if the dependency resolves to a change currently deployed to the database. Returns undef if the dependency resolves to no currently-deployed change.

`find_change`

my $change = $engine->find_change(%params);

Finds and returns a deployed change, or undef if the change has not been deployed. The supported parameters are:

change_id: The change ID.
change: A change name.
tag: A tag name.
project: A project name. Defaults to the current project.
offset: The number of changes offset from the change found by the other parameters should actually be returned. May be positive or negative.

The order of precedence for the search is:

Search by change ID, if passed.
Search by change name as of tag, if both are passed.
Search by change name or tag.

The offset, if passed, will be applied relative to whatever change is found by the above algorithm.

`run_deploy`

$engine->run_deploy($deploy_file);

Runs a deploy script. The implementation is just an alias for run_file(); subclasses may override as appropriate.

`run_revert`

$engine->run_revert($revert_file);

Runs a revert script. The implementation is just an alias for run_file(); subclasses may override as appropriate.

`run_verify`

$engine->run_verify($verify_file);

Runs a deploy script. The implementation is just an alias for run_file(); subclasses may override as appropriate.

Abstract Instance Methods

These methods must be overridden in subclasses.

`begin_work`

$engine->begin_work($change);

This method is called just before a change is deployed or reverted. It should create a lock to prevent any other processes from making changes to the database, to be freed in finish_work or rollback_work.

`finish_work`

$engine->finish_work($change);

This method is called after a change has been deployed or reverted. It should unlock the lock created by begin_work.

`rollback_work`

$engine->rollback_work($change);

This method is called after a change has been deployed or reverted and the logging of that change has failed. It should rollback changes started by begin_work.

`initialized`

$engine->initialize unless $engine->initialized;

Returns true if the database has been initialized for Sqitch, and false if it has not.

`initialize`

$engine->initialize;

Initializes the target database for Sqitch by installing the Sqitch registry schema and/or tables. Should be overridden by subclasses. This implementation throws an exception

`register_project`

$engine->register_project;

Registers the current project plan in the registry database. The implementation should insert the project name and URI if they have not already been inserted. If a project with the same name but different URI already exists, an exception should be thrown.

`is_deployed_tag`

say 'Tag deployed' if $engine->is_deployed_tag($tag);

Should return true if the tag has been applied to the database, and false if it has not.

`is_deployed_change`

say 'Change deployed' if $engine->is_deployed_change($change);

Should return true if the change has been deployed to the database, and false if it has not.

`are_deployed_changes`

say "Change $_ is deployed" for $engine->are_deployed_change(@changes);

Should return the IDs of any of the changes passed in that are currently deployed. Used by deploy to ensure that no changes already deployed are re-deployed.

`change_id_for`

say $engine->change_id_for(
    change  => $change_name,
    tag     => $tag_name,
    offset  => $offset,
    project => $project,
);

Searches the database for the change with the specified name, tag, and offset. The parameters are as follows:

change: The name of a change. Required unless tag is passed.
tag: The name of a tag. Required unless change is passed.
offset: The number of changes offset from the change found by the tag and/or change name. May be positive or negative to mean later or earlier changes, respectively. Defaults to 0.
project: The name of the project to search. Defaults to the current project.

If both change and tag are passed, find_change_id will search for the last instance of the named change deployed before the tag.

`changes_requiring_change`

my @requiring = $engine->changes_requiring_change($change);

Returns a list of hash references representing currently deployed changes that require the passed change. When this method returns one or more hash references, the change should not be reverted. Each hash reference should contain the following keys:

change_id: The requiring change ID.
change: The requiring change name.
project: The project the requiring change is from.
asof_tag: Name of the first tag to be applied after the requiring change was deployed, if any.

`log_deploy_change`

$engine->log_deploy_change($change);

Should write the records to the registry necessary to indicate that the change has been deployed.

`log_fail_change`

$engine->log_fail_change($change);

Should write to the database event history a record reflecting that deployment of the change failed.

`log_revert_change`

$engine->log_revert_change($change);

Should write to and/or remove from the registry the records necessary to indicate that the change has been reverted.

`log_new_tags`

$engine->log_new_tags($change);

Given a change, if it has any tags that are not currently logged in the database, they should be logged. This is assuming, of course, that the change itself has previously been logged.

`earliest_change_id`

my $change_id = $engine->earliest_change_id($offset);

Returns the ID of the earliest applied change from the current project. With the optional $offset argument, the ID of the change the offset number of changes following the earliest change will be returned.

`latest_change_id`

my $change_id = $engine->latest_change_id;
my $change_id = $engine->latest_change_id($offset);

Returns the ID of the latest applied change from the current project. With the optional $offset argument, the ID of the change the offset number of changes before the latest change will be returned.

`deployed_changes`

my @change_hashes = $engine->deployed_changes;

Returns a list of hash references, each representing a change from the current project in the order in which they were deployed. The keys in each hash reference must be:

id: The change ID.
name: The change name.
project: The name of the project with which the change is associated.
note: The note attached to the change.
planner_name: The name of the user who planned the change.
planner_email: The email address of the user who planned the change.
timestamp: An App::Sqitch::DateTime object representing the time the change was planned.
tags: An array reference of the tag names associated with the change.

`deployed_changes_since`

my @change_hashes = $engine->deployed_changes_since($change);

Returns a list of hash references, each representing a change from the current project deployed after the specified change. The keys in the hash references should be the same as for those returned by deployed_changes().

`name_for_change_id`

my $change_name = $engine->name_for_change_id($change_id);

Returns the name of the change identified by the ID argument. If a tag was applied to a change after that change, the name will be returned with the tag qualification, e.g., app_user@beta. This value should be suitable for uniquely identifying the change, and passing to the get or index_of methods of App::Sqitch::Plan.

`registered_projects`

my @projects = $engine->registered_projects;

Returns a list of the names of Sqitch projects registered in the database.

`current_state`

my $state = $engine->current_state;
my $state = $engine->current_state($project);

Returns a hash reference representing the current project deployment state of the database, or undef if the database has no changes deployed. If a project name is passed, the state will be returned for that project. Otherwise, the state will be returned for the local project.

The hash contains information about the last successfully deployed change, as well as any associated tags. The keys to the hash should include:

project: The name of the project for which the state is reported.
change_id: The current change ID.
change: The current change name.
note: A brief description of the change.
tags: An array reference of the names of associated tags.
committed_at: An App::Sqitch::DateTime object representing the date and time at which the change was deployed.
committer_name: Name of the user who deployed the change.
committer_email: Email address of the user who deployed the change.
planned_at: An App::Sqitch::DateTime object representing the date and time at which the change was added to the plan.
planner_name: Name of the user who added the change to the plan.
planner_email: Email address of the user who added the change to the plan.

`current_changes`

my $iter = $engine->current_changes;
my $iter = $engine->current_changes($project);
while (my $change = $iter->()) {
    say '* ', $change->{change};
}

Returns a code reference that iterates over a list of the currently deployed changes in reverse chronological order. If a project name is not passed, the current project will be assumed. Each change is represented by a hash reference containing the following keys:

change_id: The current change ID.
change: The current change name.
committed_at: An App::Sqitch::DateTime object representing the date and time at which the change was deployed.
committer_name: Name of the user who deployed the change.
committer_email: Email address of the user who deployed the change.
planned_at: An App::Sqitch::DateTime object representing the date and time at which the change was added to the plan.
planner_name: Name of the user who added the change to the plan.
planner_email: Email address of the user who added the change to the plan.

`current_tags`

my $iter = $engine->current_tags;
my $iter = $engine->current_tags($project);
while (my $tag = $iter->()) {
    say '* ', $tag->{tag};
}

Returns a code reference that iterates over a list of the currently deployed tags in reverse chronological order. If a project name is not passed, the current project will be assumed. Each tag is represented by a hash reference containing the following keys:

tag_id: The tag ID.
tag: The name of the tag.
committed_at: An App::Sqitch::DateTime object representing the date and time at which the tag was applied.
committer_name: Name of the user who applied the tag.
committer_email: Email address of the user who applied the tag.
planned_at: An App::Sqitch::DateTime object representing the date and time at which the tag was added to the plan.
planner_name: Name of the user who added the tag to the plan.
planner_email: Email address of the user who added the tag to the plan.

`search_events`

my $iter = $engine->search_events( %params );
while (my $change = $iter->()) {
    say '* $change->{event}ed $change->{change}";
}

Searches the deployment event log and returns an iterator code reference with the results. If no parameters are provided, a list of all events will be returned from the iterator reverse chronological order. The supported parameters are:

event: An array of the type of event to search for. Allowed values are "deploy", "revert", and "fail".
project: Limit the events to those with project names matching the specified regular expression.
change: Limit the events to those with changes matching the specified regular expression.
committer: Limit the events to those logged for the actions of the committers with names matching the specified regular expression.
planner: Limit the events to those with changes who's planner's name matches the specified regular expression.
limit: Limit the number of events to the specified number.
offset: Skip the specified number of events.
direction: Return the results in the specified order, which must be a value matching /^(:?a|de)sc/i for "ascending" or "descending".

Each event is represented by a hash reference containing the following keys:

event

The type of event, which is one of:

deploy
revert
fail

project

The name of the project with which the change is associated.

change_id

The change ID.

change

The name of the change.

note

A brief description of the change.

tags

An array reference of the names of associated tags.

requires

An array reference of the names of any changes required by the change.

conflicts

An array reference of the names of any changes that conflict with the change.

committed_at

An App::Sqitch::DateTime object representing the date and time at which the event was logged.

committer_name

Name of the user who deployed the change.

committer_email

Email address of the user who deployed the change.

planned_at

An App::Sqitch::DateTime object representing the date and time at which the change was added to the plan.

planner_name

Name of the user who added the change to the plan.

planner_email

Email address of the user who added the change to the plan.

`run_file`

$engine->run_file($file);

Should execute the commands in the specified file. This will generally be an SQL file to run through the engine's native client.

`run_handle`

$engine->run_handle($file_handle);

Should execute the commands in the specified file handle. The file handle's contents should be piped to the engine's native client.

`load_change`

my $change = $engine->load_change($change_id);

Given a deployed change ID, loads an returns a hash reference representing the change in the database. The keys should be the same as those in the hash references returned by deployed_changes(). Returns undef if the change has not been deployed.

`change_offset_from_id`

my $change = $engine->change_offset_from_id( $change_id, $offset );

Given a change ID and an offset, returns a hash reference of the data for a deployed change (with the same keys as defined for deployed_changes()) in the current project that was deployed $offset steps before the change identified by $change_id. If $offset is 0 or undef, the change represented by $change_id should be returned (just like load_change()). Otherwise, the change returned should be $offset steps from that change ID, where $offset may be positive (later step) or negative (earlier step). Returns undef if the change was not found or if the offset is more than the number of changes before or after the change, as appropriate.

Author

David E. Wheeler <david@justatheory.com>

License

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

To install App::Sqitch, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.

cpanm

cpanm App::Sqitch

CPAN shell

perl -MCPAN -e shell
install App::Sqitch

For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.

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