NAME
VM::EC2::REST::instance - VM::EC2 methods for controlling instances
SYNOPSIS
use VM::EC2 ':standard';METHODS
The methods in this section allow you to retrieve information about EC2 instances, launch new instances, control the instance lifecycle (e.g. starting and stopping them), and fetching the console output from instances.
Implemented: ConfirmProductInstance DescribeInstanceAttribute DescribeInstances DescribeInstanceStatus ModifyInstanceAttribute RebootInstances ResetInstanceAttribute RunInstances StartInstances StopInstances TerminateInstances
Unimplemented: (none)
The primary object manipulated by these methods is VM::EC2::Instance. Please see the VM::EC2::Instance manual page for additional methods that allow you to attach and detach volumes, modify an instance's attributes, and convert instances into images.
@instances = $ec2->describe_instances(@instance_ids)
@instances = $ec2->describe_instances(\%filters)
@instances = $ec2->describe_instances(-instance_id=>\@ids,-filter=>\%filters)
Return a series of VM::EC2::Instance objects. Optional arguments are:
-instance_id ID of the instance(s) to return information on.
This can be a string scalar, or an arrayref.
-filter Tags and other filters to apply.The filter argument is a hashreference in which the keys are the filter names, and the values are the match strings. Some filters accept wildcards.
A typical filter example:
$ec2->describe_instances(
-filter => {'block-device-mapping.device-name'=>'/dev/sdh',
'architecture' => 'i386',
'tag:Role' => 'Server'
});You may omit the -filter argument name if there are no other arguments:
$ec2->describe_instances({'block-device-mapping.device-name'=>'/dev/sdh',
'architecture' => 'i386',
'tag:Role' => 'Server'});There are a large number of filters, which are listed in full at http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/ApiReference-query-DescribeInstances.html.
Here is a alpha-sorted list of filter names: architecture, availability-zone, block-device-mapping.attach-time, block-device-mapping.delete-on-termination, block-device-mapping.device-name, block-device-mapping.status, block-device-mapping.volume-id, client-token, dns-name, group-id, group-name, hypervisor, image-id, instance-id, instance-lifecycle, instance-state-code, instance-state-name, instance-type, instance.group-id, instance.group-name, ip-address, kernel-id, key-name, launch-index, launch-time, monitoring-state, owner-id, placement-group-name, platform, private-dns-name, private-ip-address, product-code, ramdisk-id, reason, requester-id, reservation-id, root-device-name, root-device-type, source-dest-check, spot-instance-request-id, state-reason-code, state-reason-message, subnet-id, tag-key, tag-value, tag:key, virtualization-type, vpc-id.
Note that the objects returned from this method are the instances themselves, and not a reservation set. The reservation ID can be retrieved from each instance by calling its reservationId() method.
@i = $ec2->run_instances($ami_id)
@i = $ec2->run_instances(-image_id=>$id,%other_args)
This method will provision and launch one or more instances given an AMI ID. If successful, the method returns a series of VM::EC2::Instance objects.
If called with a single argument this will be interpreted as the AMI to launch, and all other arguments will take their defaults. Otherwise, the arguments will be taken as a -parameter=>$argument list.
- Required arguments:
-
-image_id ID of an AMI to launch - Optional arguments:
-
-min_count Minimum number of instances to launch [1] -max_count Maximum number of instances to launch [1] -key_name Name of the keypair to use -security_group_id Security group ID to use for this instance. Use an arrayref for multiple group IDs -security_group Security group name to use for this instance. Use an arrayref for multiple values. -user_data User data to pass to the instances. Do NOT base64 encode this. It will be done for you. -instance_type Type of the instance to use. See below for a list. -availability_zone The availability zone you want to launch the instance into. Call $ec2->regions for a list. -zone Short version of -availability_aone. -placement_zone Deprecated version of -availability_zone. -placement_group An existing placement group to launch the instance into. Applicable to cluster instances only. -tenancy Specify 'dedicated' to launch the instance on a dedicated server. Only applicable for VPC instances. -kernel_id ID of the kernel to use for the instances, overriding the kernel specified in the image. -ramdisk_id ID of the ramdisk to use for the instances, overriding the ramdisk specified in the image. -block_devices Specify block devices to map onto the instances, overriding the values specified in the image. See below for the syntax of this argument. -block_device_mapping Alias for -block_devices. -monitoring Pass a true value to enable detailed monitoring. -subnet_id ID of the subnet to launch the instance into. Only applicable for VPC instances. -termination_protection Pass true to lock the instance so that it cannot be terminated using the API. Use modify_instance() to unset this if youu wish to terminate the instance later. -disable_api_termination -- Same as above. -shutdown_behavior Pass "stop" (the default) to stop the instance and save its disk state when "shutdown" is called from within the instance. Stopped instances can be restarted later. Pass "terminate" to instead terminate the instance and discard its state completely. -instance_initiated_shutdown_behavior -- Same as above. -private_ip_address Assign the instance to a specific IP address from a VPC subnet (VPC only). -client_token Unique identifier that you can provide to ensure idempotency of the request. You can use $ec2->token() to generate a suitable identifier. See http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AWSEC2/ latest/UserGuide/Run_Instance_Idempotency.html -network_interfaces A single network interface specification string or a list of them as an array reference (VPC only). These are described in more detail below. -iam_arn The Amazon resource name (ARN) of the IAM Instance Profile (IIP) to associate with the instances. -iam_name The name of the IAM instance profile (IIP) to associate with the instances. -ebs_optimized Boolean. If true, create an EBS-optimized instance (valid only for certain instance types. - Instance types
-
The following is the list of instance types currently allowed by Amazon:
m1.small c1.medium m2.xlarge cc1.4xlarge cg1.4xlarge t1.micro m1.large c1.xlarge m2.2xlarge m1.xlarge m2.4xlarge - Block device syntax
-
The syntax of -block_devices is identical to what is used by the ec2-run-instances command-line tool. Borrowing from the manual page of that tool:
The format is '<device>=<block-device>', where 'block-device' can be one of the following:
- 'none': indicates that a block device that would be exposed at the specified device should be suppressed. For example: '/dev/sdb=none' - 'ephemeral[0-3]': indicates that the Amazon EC2 ephemeral store (instance local storage) should be exposed at the specified device. For example: '/dev/sdc=ephemeral0'. - 'vol-12345678': A volume ID will attempt to attach the given volume to the instance, contingent on volume state and availability zone. - 'none': Suppress this block device, even if it is mapped in the AMI. - '[<snapshot-id>][:<size>[:<delete-on-termination>[:<volume-type>[:<iops>]]]]': indicates that an Amazon EBS volume, created from the specified Amazon EBS snapshot, should be exposed at the specified device. The following combinations are supported: - '<snapshot-id>': the ID of an Amazon EBS snapshot, which must be owned by or restorable by the caller. May be left out if a <size> is specified, creating an empty Amazon EBS volume of the specified size. - '<size>': the size (GiBs) of the Amazon EBS volume to be created. If a snapshot was specified, this may not be smaller than the size of the snapshot itself. - '<delete-on-termination>': indicates whether the Amazon EBS volume should be deleted on instance termination. If not specified, this will default to 'true' and the volume will be deleted. - '<volume-type>': The volume type. One of "standard", "gp2" or "io1". "gp2" is the new general purpose SSD type. - '<iops>': The number of I/O operations per second (IOPS) that the volume suports. A number between 100 to 4000. Only valid for volumes of type "io1". Examples: -block_devices => '/dev/sdb=snap-7eb96d16' -block_devices => '/dev/sdc=snap-7eb96d16:80:false' -block_devices => '/dev/sdd=:120' -block_devices => '/dev/sdc=:120:true:io1:500'To provide multiple mappings, use an array reference. In this example, we launch two 'm1.small' instance in which /dev/sdb is mapped to ephemeral storage and /dev/sdc is mapped to a new 100 G EBS volume:
@i=$ec2->run_instances(-image_id => 'ami-12345', -min_count => 2, -block_devices => ['/dev/sdb=ephemeral0', '/dev/sdc=:100:true'] ) - Network interface syntax
-
Each instance has a single primary network interface and private IP address that is ordinarily automatically assigned by Amazon. When you are running VPC instances, however, you can add additional elastic network interfaces (ENIs) to the instance and add secondary private IP addresses to one or more of these ENIs. ENIs can exist independently of instances, and be detached and reattached in much the same way as EBS volumes. This is explained in detail at http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/using-instance-addressing.html.
The network configuration can be specified using the -network_interface parameter:
-network_interfaces => ['eth0=10.10.0.12:subnet-1234567:sg-1234567:true:My Custom Eth0', 'eth1=10.10.1.12,10.10.1.13:subnet-999999:sg-1234567:true:My Custom Eth1'] or -network_interfaces => ['eth0=10.10.0.12:subnet-1234567:sg-1234567:true:My Custom Eth0:true']The format is '<device>=<specification>'. The device is an ethernet interface name such as eth0, eth1, eth2, etc. The specification has up to five fields, each separated by the ":" character. All fields are optional and can be left blank. If missing, AWS will choose a default.
10.10.1.12,10.10.1.13:subnet-999999:sg-1234567:true:My Custom Eth11. IP address(es): A single IP address in standard dot form, or a list of IP addresses separated by commas. The first address in the list will become the primary private IP address for the interface. Subsequent addresses will become secondary private addresses. You may specify "auto" or leave the field blank to have AWS choose an address automatically from within the subnetwork. To allocate several secondary IP addresses and have AWS pick the addresses automatically, give the count of secondary addresses you wish to allocate as an integer following the primary IP address. For example, "auto,3" will allocate an automatic primary IP address and three automatic secondary addresses, while "10.10.1.12,3" will force the primary address to be 10.10.1.12 and create three automatic secondary addresses.
2. Subnetwork ID: The ID of the VPC subnetwork in which the ENI resides. An instance may have several ENIs associated with it, and each ENI may be attached to a different subnetwork.
3. Security group IDs: A comma-delimited list of the security group IDs to associate with this ENI.
4. DeleteOnTerminate: True if this ENI should be automatically deleted when the instance terminates.
5. Description: A human-readable description of the ENI.
6. Associate Public Address: Indicates whether to assign a public IP address to the ENI on an instance in a VPC. Can only be specified as true when a single network interface of device index 0 is created. Defaults to true when launching in a Default VPC.
As an alternative syntax, you may specify the ID of an existing ENI in lieu of the primary IP address and other fields. The ENI will be attached to the instance if its permissions allow:
-network_interfaces => 'eth0=eni-123456' - Return value
-
On success, this method returns a list of VM::EC2::Instance objects. If called in a scalar context AND only one instance was requested, it will return a single instance object (rather than returning a list of size one which is then converted into numeric "1", as would be the usual Perl behavior).
Note that this behavior is different from the Amazon API, which returns a ReservationSet. In this API, ask the instances for the the reservation, owner, requester, and group information using reservationId(), ownerId(), requesterId() and groups() methods.
- Tips
-
1. If you have a VM::EC2::Image object returned from Describe_images(), you may run it using run_instances():
my $image = $ec2->describe_images(-image_id => 'ami-12345'); $image->run_instances( -min_count => 10, -block_devices => ['/dev/sdb=ephemeral0', '/dev/sdc=:100:true'] )2. It may take a short while for a newly-launched instance to be returned by describe_instances(). You may need to sleep for 1-2 seconds before current_status() returns the correct value.
3. Each instance object has a current_status() method which will return the current run state of the instance. You may poll this method to wait until the instance is running:
my $instance = $ec2->run_instances(...); sleep 1; while ($instance->current_status ne 'running') { sleep 5; }4. The utility method wait_for_instances() will wait until all passed instances are in the 'running' or other terminal state.
my @instances = $ec2->run_instances(...); $ec2->wait_for_instances(@instances);
@s = $ec2->start_instances(@instance_ids)
@s = $ec2->start_instances(-instance_id=>\@instance_ids)
Start the instances named by @instance_ids and return one or more VM::EC2::Instance::State::Change objects.
To wait for the all the instance ids to reach their final state ("running" unless an error occurs), call wait_for_instances().
Example:
# find all stopped instances
@instances = $ec2->describe_instances(-filter=>{'instance-state-name'=>'stopped'});
# start them
$ec2->start_instances(@instances)
# pause till they are running (or crashed)
$ec2->wait_for_instances(@instances)You can also start an instance by calling the object's start() method:
$instances[0]->start('wait'); # start instance and wait for it to
# be runningThe objects returned by calling start_instances() indicate the current and previous states of the instance. The previous state is typically "stopped" and the current state is usually "pending." This information is only current to the time that the start_instances() method was called. To get the current run state of the instance, call its status() method:
die "ouch!" unless $instances[0]->current_status eq 'running';@s = $ec2->stop_instances(@instance_ids)
@s = $ec2->stop_instances(-instance_id=>\@instance_ids,-force=>1)
Stop the instances named by @instance_ids and return one or more VM::EC2::Instance::State::Change objects. In the named parameter version of this method, you may optionally provide a -force argument, which if true, forces the instance to halt without giving it a chance to run its shutdown procedure (the equivalent of pulling a physical machine's plug).
To wait for instances to reach their final state, call wait_for_instances().
Example:
# find all running instances
@instances = $ec2->describe_instances(-filter=>{'instance-state-name'=>'running'});
# stop them immediately and wait for confirmation
$ec2->stop_instances(-instance_id=>\@instances,-force=>1);
$ec2->wait_for_instances(@instances);You can also stop an instance by calling the object's start() method:
$instances[0]->stop('wait'); # stop first instance and wait for it to
# stop completely@s = $ec2->terminate_instances(@instance_ids)
@s = $ec2->terminate_instances(-instance_id=>\@instance_ids)
Terminate the instances named by @instance_ids and return one or more VM::EC2::Instance::State::Change objects. This method will fail for any instances whose termination protection field is set.
To wait for the all the instances to reach their final state, call wait_for_instances().
Example:
# find all instances tagged as "Version 0.5"
@instances = $ec2->describe_instances({'tag:Version'=>'0.5'});
# terminate them
$ec2->terminate_instances(@instances);You can also terminate an instance by calling its terminate() method:
$instances[0]->terminate;@s = $ec2->reboot_instances(@instance_ids)
@s = $ec2->reboot_instances(-instance_id=>\@instance_ids)
Reboot the instances named by @instance_ids and return one or more VM::EC2::Instance::State::Change objects.
To wait for the all the instances to reach their final state, call wait_for_instances().
You can also reboot an instance by calling its terminate() method:
$instances[0]->reboot;$boolean = $ec2->confirm_product_instance($instance_id,$product_code,$callback)
$boolean = $ec2->confirm_product_instance(-instance_id=>$instance_id,-product_code=>$product_code,-cb=>$callback)
Return "true" if the instance indicated by $instance_id is associated with the given product code.
$meta = VM::EC2->instance_metadata
$meta = $ec2->instance_metadata
For use on running EC2 instances only: This method returns a VM::EC2::Instance::Metadata object that will return information about the currently running instance using the HTTP:// metadata fields described at http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/index.html?instancedata-data-categories.html. This is usually fastest way to get runtime information on the current instance.
Note that this method can be called as either an instance or a class method.
@data = $ec2->describe_instance_attribute($instance_id,$attribute,$callback)
This method returns instance attributes. Only one attribute can be retrieved at a time. The following is the list of attributes that can be retrieved:
instanceType -- scalar
kernel -- scalar
ramdisk -- scalar
userData -- scalar
disableApiTermination -- scalar
instanceInitiatedShutdownBehavior -- scalar
rootDeviceName -- scalar
blockDeviceMapping -- list of hashref
sourceDestCheck -- scalar
groupSet -- list of scalar
productCodes -- list of hashref
ebsOptimized -- scalar
sriovNetSupport -- scalarAll of these values can be retrieved more conveniently from the VM::EC2::Instance object returned from describe_instances(), so there is no attempt to parse the results of this call into Perl objects. Therefore, some of the attributes, in particular 'blockDeviceMapping' will be returned as raw hashrefs.
$boolean = $ec2->modify_instance_attribute($instance_id,-$attribute_name=>$value)
This method changes instance attributes. It can only be applied to stopped instances. The following is the list of attributes that can be set:
-instance_type -- type of instance, e.g. "m1.small"
-kernel -- kernel id
-ramdisk -- ramdisk id
-user_data -- user data
-termination_protection -- true to prevent termination from the console
-disable_api_termination -- same as the above
-shutdown_behavior -- "stop" or "terminate"
-instance_initiated_shutdown_behavior -- same as above
-root_device_name -- root device name
-source_dest_check -- enable NAT (VPC only)
-group_id -- VPC security group
-block_devices -- Specify block devices to change
deleteOnTermination flag
-block_device_mapping -- Alias for -block_devices
-ebs_optimization -- EBS Optmization
-sriov_net_support -- Enhanced networking supportOnly one attribute can be changed in a single request. For example:
$ec2->modify_instance_attribute('i-12345',-kernel=>'aki-f70657b2');The result code is true if the attribute was successfully modified, false otherwise. In the latter case, $ec2->error() will provide the error message.
The ability to change the deleteOnTermination flag for attached block devices is not documented in the official Amazon API documentation, but appears to work. The syntax is:
# turn on deleteOnTermination $ec2->modify_instance_attribute(-block_devices=>'/dev/sdf=v-12345') # turn off deleteOnTermination $ec2->modify_instance_attribute(-block_devices=>'/dev/sdf=v-12345')
The syntax is slightly different from what is used by -block_devices in run_instances(), and is "device=volumeId:boolean". Multiple block devices can be specified using an arrayref.
$boolean = $ec2->reset_instance_attribute($instance_id,$attribute [,$callback])
This method resets an attribute of the given instance to its default value. Valid attributes are "kernel", "ramdisk" and "sourceDestCheck". The result code is true if the reset was successful.
@status_list = $ec2->describe_instance_status(@instance_ids);
@status_list = $ec2->describe_instance_status(-instance_id=>\@ids,-filter=>\%filters,%other_args);
@status_list = $ec2->describe_instance_status(\%filters);
This method returns a list of VM::EC2::Instance::Status objects corresponding to status checks and scheduled maintenance events on the instances of interest. You may provide a list of instances to return information on, a set of filters, or both.
The filters are described at http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/ApiReference-query-DescribeInstanceStatus.html. The brief list is:
availability-zone, event.code, event.description, event.not-after, event.not-before, instance-state-name, instance-state-code, system-status.status, system-status.reachability, instance-status.status, instance-status.reachability.
Request arguments are:
-instance_id Scalar or array ref containing the instance ID(s) to return
information about (optional).
-filter Filters to apply (optional).
-include_all_instances If true, include all instances, including those that are
stopped, pending and shutting down. Otherwise, returns
the status of running instances only.
-max_results An integer corresponding to the number of instance items
per response (must be greater than 5).If -max_results is specified, then the call will return at most the number of instances you requested. You may see whether there are additional results by calling more_instance_status(), and then retrieve the next set of results with additional call(s) to describe_instance_status():
my @results = $ec2->describe_instance_status(-max_results => 10);
do_something(\@results);
while ($ec2->more_instance_status) {
@results = $ec2->describe_instance_status;
do_something(\@results);
}NOTE: As of 29 July 2012, passing -include_all_instances causes an EC2 "unknown parameter" error, indicating some mismatch between the documented API and the actual one.
$t = $ec2->token
Return a client token for use with start_instances().
$ec2->wait_for_instances(@instances)
Wait for all members of the provided list of instances to reach some terminal state ("running", "stopped" or "terminated"), and then return a hash reference that maps each instance ID to its final state.
Typical usage:
my @instances = $image->run_instances(-key_name =>'My_key',
-security_group=>'default',
-min_count =>2,
-instance_type => 't1.micro')
or die $ec2->error_str;
my $status = $ec2->wait_for_instances(@instances);
my @failed = grep {$status->{$_} ne 'running'} @instances;
print "The following failed: @failed\n";If no terminal state is reached within a set timeout, then this method returns undef and sets $ec2->error_str() to a suitable message. The timeout, which defaults to 10 minutes (600 seconds), can be get or set with $ec2->wait_for_timeout().
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Lincoln Stein <lincoln.stein@gmail.com>.
Copyright (c) 2011 Ontario Institute for Cancer Research
This package and its accompanying libraries is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GPL (either version 1, or at your option, any later version) or the Artistic License 2.0. Refer to LICENSE for the full license text. In addition, please see DISCLAIMER.txt for disclaimers of warranty.