NAME

HTTP::Request::Common - Construct common HTTP::Request objects

VERSION

version 6.46

SYNOPSIS

use HTTP::Request::Common;
$ua = LWP::UserAgent->new;
$ua->request(GET 'http://www.sn.no/');
$ua->request(POST 'http://somewhere/foo', foo => bar, bar => foo);
$ua->request(PATCH 'http://somewhere/foo', foo => bar, bar => foo);
$ua->request(PUT 'http://somewhere/foo', foo => bar, bar => foo);
$ua->request(OPTIONS 'http://somewhere/foo', foo => bar, bar => foo);

DESCRIPTION

This module provides functions that return newly created HTTP::Request objects. These functions are usually more convenient to use than the standard HTTP::Request constructor for the most common requests.

Note that LWP::UserAgent has several convenience methods, including get, head, delete, post and put.

The following functions are provided:

GET $url

GET $url, Header => Value,...

The GET function returns an HTTP::Request object initialized with the "GET" method and the specified URL. It is roughly equivalent to the following call

HTTP::Request->new(
   GET => $url,
   HTTP::Headers->new(Header => Value,...),
)

but is less cluttered. What is different is that a header named Content will initialize the content part of the request instead of setting a header field. Note that GET requests should normally not have a content, so this hack makes more sense for the PUT, PATCH and POST functions described below.

The get(...) method of LWP::UserAgent exists as a shortcut for $ua->request(GET ...).

HEAD $url

HEAD $url, Header => Value,...

Like GET() but the method in the request is "HEAD".

The head(...) method of LWP::UserAgent exists as a shortcut for $ua->request(HEAD ...).

DELETE $url

DELETE $url, Header => Value,...

Like GET but the method in the request is DELETE. This function is not exported by default.

PATCH $url

PATCH $url, Header => Value,...

PATCH $url, $form_ref, Header => Value,...

PATCH $url, Header => Value,..., Content => $form_ref

PATCH $url, Header => Value,..., Content => $content

The same as POST below, but the method in the request is PATCH.

PUT $url

PUT $url, Header => Value,...

PUT $url, $form_ref, Header => Value,...

PUT $url, Header => Value,..., Content => $form_ref

PUT $url, Header => Value,..., Content => $content

The same as POST below, but the method in the request is PUT

OPTIONS $url

OPTIONS $url, Header => Value,...

OPTIONS $url, $form_ref, Header => Value,...

OPTIONS $url, Header => Value,..., Content => $form_ref

OPTIONS $url, Header => Value,..., Content => $content

The same as POST below, but the method in the request is OPTIONS

This was added in version 6.21, so you should require that in your code:

use HTTP::Request::Common 6.21;

POST $url

POST $url, Header => Value,...

POST $url, $form_ref, Header => Value,...

POST $url, Header => Value,..., Content => $form_ref

POST $url, Header => Value,..., Content => $content

POST, PATCH and PUT all work with the same parameters.

%data = ( title => 'something', body => something else' );
$ua = LWP::UserAgent->new();
$request = HTTP::Request::Common::POST( $url, [ %data ] );
$response = $ua->request($request);

They take a second optional array or hash reference parameter $form_ref. The content can also be specified directly using the Content pseudo-header, and you may also provide the $form_ref this way.

The Content pseudo-header steals a bit of the header field namespace as there is no way to directly specify a header that is actually called "Content". If you really need this you must update the request returned in a separate statement.

The $form_ref argument can be used to pass key/value pairs for the form content. By default we will initialize a request using the application/x-www-form-urlencoded content type. This means that you can emulate an HTML <form> POSTing like this:

POST 'http://www.perl.org/survey.cgi',
     [ name   => 'Gisle Aas',
       email  => 'gisle@aas.no',
       gender => 'M',
       born   => '1964',
       perc   => '3%',
     ];

This will create an HTTP::Request object that looks like this:

POST http://www.perl.org/survey.cgi
Content-Length: 66
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

name=Gisle%20Aas&email=gisle%40aas.no&gender=M&born=1964&perc=3%25

Multivalued form fields can be specified by either repeating the field name or by passing the value as an array reference.

The POST method also supports the multipart/form-data content used for Form-based File Upload as specified in RFC 1867. You trigger this content format by specifying a content type of 'form-data' as one of the request headers. If one of the values in the $form_ref is an array reference, then it is treated as a file part specification with the following interpretation:

[ $file, $filename, Header => Value... ]
[ undef, $filename, Header => Value,..., Content => $content ]

The first value in the array ($file) is the name of a file to open. This file will be read and its content placed in the request. The routine will croak if the file can't be opened. Use an undef as $file value if you want to specify the content directly with a Content header. The $filename is the filename to report in the request. If this value is undefined, then the basename of the $file will be used. You can specify an empty string as $filename if you want to suppress sending the filename when you provide a $file value.

If a $file is provided by no Content-Type header, then Content-Type and Content-Encoding will be filled in automatically with the values returned by LWP::MediaTypes::guess_media_type()

Sending my ~/.profile to the survey used as example above can be achieved by this:

POST 'http://www.perl.org/survey.cgi',
     Content_Type => 'form-data',
     Content      => [ name  => 'Gisle Aas',
                       email => 'gisle@aas.no',
                       gender => 'M',
                       born   => '1964',
                       init   => ["$ENV{HOME}/.profile"],
                     ]

This will create an HTTP::Request object that almost looks this (the boundary and the content of your ~/.profile is likely to be different):

POST http://www.perl.org/survey.cgi
Content-Length: 388
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary="6G+f"

--6G+f
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="name"

Gisle Aas
--6G+f
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="email"

gisle@aas.no
--6G+f
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="gender"

M
--6G+f
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="born"

1964
--6G+f
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="init"; filename=".profile"
Content-Type: text/plain

PATH=/local/perl/bin:$PATH
export PATH

--6G+f--

If you set the $DYNAMIC_FILE_UPLOAD variable (exportable) to some TRUE value, then you get back a request object with a subroutine closure as the content attribute. This subroutine will read the content of any files on demand and return it in suitable chunks. This allow you to upload arbitrary big files without using lots of memory. You can even upload infinite files like /dev/audio if you wish; however, if the file is not a plain file, there will be no Content-Length header defined for the request. Not all servers (or server applications) like this. Also, if the file(s) change in size between the time the Content-Length is calculated and the time that the last chunk is delivered, the subroutine will Croak.

The post(...) method of LWP::UserAgent exists as a shortcut for $ua->request(POST ...).

SEE ALSO

HTTP::Request, LWP::UserAgent

Also, there are some examples in "EXAMPLES" in HTTP::Request that you might find useful. For example, batch requests are explained there.

AUTHOR

Gisle Aas <gisle@activestate.com>

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

This software is copyright (c) 1994 by Gisle Aas.

This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.