NAME

Inline::Java - Write Perl classes in Java.

SYNOPSIS

use Inline Java => <<'END_OF_JAVA_CODE' ;
   class Pod_alu {
      public Pod_alu(){
      }

      public int add(int i, int j){
         return i + j ;
      }

      public int subtract(int i, int j){
         return i - j ;
      }
   }
END_OF_JAVA_CODE

my $alu = new Pod_alu() ;
print($alu->add(9, 16) . "\n") ; # prints 25
print($alu->subtract(9, 16) . "\n") ; # prints -7

DESCRIPTION

The Inline::Java module allows you to put Java source code directly "inline" in a Perl script or module. A Java compiler is launched and the Java code is compiled. Then Perl asks the Java classes what public methods have been defined. These classes and methods are available to the Perl program as if they had been written in Perl.

The process of interrogating the Java classes for public methods occurs the first time you run your Java code. The namespace is cached, and subsequent calls use the cached version.

USING THE Inline::Java MODULE

Inline::Java is driven by fundamentally the same idea as other Inline language modules, like Inline::C or Inline::CPP. Because Java is both compiled and interpreted, the method of getting your code is different, but overall, using Inline::Java is very similar to any other Inline language module.

This section will explain the different ways to use Inline::Java. For more details on Inline, see 'perldoc Inline'.

Basic Usage

The most basic form for using Inline::Java is:

use Inline Java => 'Java source code' ;

Of course, you can use Perl's "here document" style of quoting to make the code slightly easier to read:

use Inline Java => <<'END';

   Java source code goes here.

END

The source code can also be specified as a filename, a subroutine reference (sub routine should return source code), or an array reference (array contains lines of source code). This information is detailed in 'perldoc Inline'.

In order for Inline::Java to function properly, it needs to know where to find a Java 2 SDK on your machine. This is done using one of the following techniques:

Set the J2SDK configuration option to the correct directory
Set the PERL_INLINE_JAVA_J2SDK environment variable to the correct directory

If none of these are specified, Inline::Java will use the Java 2 SDK that was specified a install time (see below).

DEFAULT JAVA 2 SDK

When Inline::Java was installed, the path to the Java 2 SDK that was used was stored in a file called default_j2sdk.pl that resides with the Inline::Java module. You can find this file by using the following command:

% perl -MInline::Java=j2sdk

If you wish to permanently change the default Java 2 SDK that is used by Inline::Java, edit this file and change the value found there. If you wish use a different Java 2 SDK temporarily, see the J2SDK configuration option described below.

Additionally, you can use the following command to get the list of directories that you should put in you shared library path when using the JNI extension:

% perl -MInline::Java=so_dirs

CONFIGURATION OPTIONS

There are a number of configuration options that dictate the behavior of Inline::Java:

J2SDK

Specifies the path to your Java 2 SDK.

Ex: J2SDK => '/my/java/2/sdk/path'

Note: This configuration option only has an effect on the first 'use Inline Java' call inside a Perl script, since all other calls make use of the same JVM.

PORT

Specifies the starting port number for the server. If many Inline::Java blocks are declared, the port number is incremented each time. Default is 0 (next available port number), default for SHARED_JVM mode is 7890.

Ex: PORT => 4567

Note: This configuration option only has an effect on the first 'use Inline Java' call inside a Perl script, since all other calls make use of the same JVM.

HOST

Specifies the host on which the JVM server is running. This option really only makes sense in SHARED_JVM mode when START_JVM is disabled.

Ex: HOST => 'jvm.server.com'

Note: This configuration option only has an effect on the first 'use Inline Java' call inside a Perl script, since all other calls make use of the same JVM.

BIND

Specifies the IP address on which the JVM server will be listening. By default the JVM server listens for connections on 'localhost' only.

Ex: BIND => '192.168.1.1'
Ex: BIND => '0.0.0.0'

Note: This configuration option only has an effect on the first 'use Inline Java' call inside a Perl script, since all other calls make use of the same JVM.

STARTUP_DELAY

Specifies the maximum number of seconds that the Perl script will try to connect to the Java server. In other this is the delay that Perl gives to the Java server to start. Default is 15 seconds.

Ex: STARTUP_DELAY => 20

Note: This configuration option only has an effect on the first 'use Inline Java' call inside a Perl script, since all other calls make use of the same JVM.

CLASSPATH

Adds the specified CLASSPATH. This CLASSPATH will only be available threw the user classloader. To set the CLASSPATH globally (which is most probably what you want to do anyways), use the CLASSPATH environment variable.

Ex: CLASSPATH => '/my/other/java/classses'

JNI

Toggles the execution mode. The default is to use the client/server mode. To use the JNI extension (you must have built it at install time though. See README and README.JNI for more information), set JNI to 1.

Ex: JNI => 1

Note: This configuration option only has an effect on the first 'use Inline Java' call inside a Perl script, since all other calls make use of the same JVM.

EXTRA_JAVA_ARGS, EXTRA_JAVAC_ARGS

Specify extra command line parameters to be passed to, respectively, the JVM and the Java compiler. Use with caution as some options may alter normal Inline::Java behavior.

Ex: EXTRA_JAVA_ARGS => '-Xmx96m'

Note: EXTRA_JAVA_ARGS only has an effect on the first 'use Inline Java' call inside a Perl script, since all other calls make use of the same JVM.

EMBEDDED_JNI

Same as JNI, except Inline::Java expects the JVM to already be loaded and to have loaded the Perl interpreter that is running the script. This is an advanced feature that should only be need in very specific circumstances.

Ex: EMBEDDED_JNI => 1

Note: This configuration option only has an effect on the first 'use Inline Java' call inside a Perl script, since all other calls make use of the same JVM. Also, the EMBEDDED_JNI option automatically sets the JNI option.

SHARED_JVM

This mode enables mutiple processes to share the same JVM. It was created mainly in order to be able to use Inline::Java under mod_perl.

Ex: SHARED_JVM => 1

Note: This configuration option only has an effect on the first 'use Inline Java' call inside a Perl script, since all other calls make use of the same JVM.

START_JVM

When used with SHARED_JVM, tells Inline::Java that the JVM should already be running and that it should not attempt to start a new one. This option is useful in combination with command line interface described in the BUGS AND DEFICIENCIES section. Default is 1.

Ex: START_JVM => 0

Note: This configuration option only has an effect on the first 'use Inline Java' call inside a Perl script, since all other calls make use of the same JVM.

PRIVATE

In SHARED_JVM mode, makes every connection to the JVM use a different classloader so that each connection is isolated from the others.

Ex: PRIVATE => 1

Note: This configuration option only has an effect on the first 'use Inline Java' call inside a Perl script, since all other calls make use of the same JVM.

DEBUG

Enables debugging info. Debugging now uses levels (1 through 5) that (loosely) follow these definitions:

1 = Major program steps
2 = Object creation/destruction
3 = Method/member accesses + packet dumps
4 = Everything else
5 = Data structure dumps

Ex: DEBUG => 2

DEBUGGER

Starts jdb, (the Java debugger) instead of the regular Java JVM. This option will also cause the Java code to be compiled using the '-g' switch for extra debugging information. EXTRA_JAVA_ARGS can be used use to pass extra options to the debugger.

Ex: DEBUGGER => 1

WARN_METHOD_SELECT

Throws a warning when Inline::Java has to 'choose' between different method signatures. The warning states the possible choices and the signature chosen.

Ex: WARN_METHOD_SELECT => 1

STUDY

Takes an array of Java classes that you wish to have Inline::Java learn about so that you can use them inside Perl.

Ex: STUDY => ['java.lang.HashMap', 'my.class']

AUTOSTUDY

Makes Inline::Java automatically study unknown classes it encounters them.

Ex: AUTOSTUDY => 1

PACKAGE

Forces Inline::Java to bind the Java code under the specified package instead of under the current (caller) package.

Ex: PACKAGE => 'main'

NATIVE_DOUBLES

Normally, Inline::Java stringifies floating point numbers when passing them between Perl and Java. In certain cases, this can lead to loss of precision. When NATIVE_DOUBLES is set, Inline::Java will send the actual double bytes in order to preserve precision. Note: This applies only to doubles, not floats. Note: This option may not be portable and may not work properly on some platforms.

Ex: NATIVE_DOUBLES => 1

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

Every configuration option listed above, with the exception of STUDY, can be specified using an environment variable named using the following convention:

PERL_INLINE_JAVA_<option name>

For example, your can specified the JNI option usng the PERL_INLINE_JAVA_JNI environment variable.

Note that environment variables take precedence over options specified in the script itself.

Under Win32, you can also use set the PERL_INLINE_JAVA_COMMAND_COM environment variable to a true value to indicate that you are using the command.com shell. However, Inline::Java should normally be able to determine this on its own.

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Because Java is object oriented, any interface between Perl and Java needs to support Java classes adequately.

Example:

use Inline Java => <<'END' ;
   class Pod_1 {
      String data = "data" ;
      static String sdata = "static data" ;

      public Pod_1(){
      }

      public String get_data(){
         return data ;
      }

      public static String get_static_data(){
         return sdata ;
      }

      public void set_data(String d){
         data = d ;
      }

      private void priv(){
      }
   }
END

my $obj = new Pod_1 ;
print($obj->get_data() . "\n") ; # prints data
$obj->set_data("new data") ;
print($obj->get_data() . "\n") ; # prints new data

Inline::Java created a new namespace called main::Pod_1 and created the following functions:

sub main::Pod_::new { ... }
sub main::Pod_::Pod_1 { ... }
sub main::Pod_::get_data { ... }
sub main::Pod_::get_sdata { ... }
sub main::Pod_::set_data { ... }
sub main::Pod_::DESTROY { ... }

Note that only the public methods are exported to Perl.

Inner classes are also supported, you simply need to supply a reference to an outer class object as the first parameter of the constructor:

use Inline Java => <<'END' ;
   class Pod_2 {
      public Pod_2(){
      }

      public class Pod_2_Inner {
         public String name = "Pod_2_Inner" ;

         public Pod_2_Inner(){
         }
      }
   }
END

my $obj = new Pod_2() ;
my $obj2 = new Pod_2::Pod_2_Inner($obj) ;
print($obj2->{name} . "\n") ; # prints Pod_2_Inner

METHODS

In the previous example we have seen how to call a method. You can also call static methods in the following manner:

print Pod_1->get_sdata() . "\n" ; # prints static data
# or
my $obj = new Pod_1() ;
print $obj->get_sdata() . "\n" ; # prints static data

You can pass any kind of Perl scalar or any Java object to a method. It will be automatically converted to the correct type:

use Inline Java => <<'END' ;
   class Pod_3_arg {
      public Pod_3_arg(){
      }
   }
   class Pod_3 {
      public int n ;

      public Pod_3(int i, String j, Pod_3_arg k) {
         n = i ;
      }
   }
END

my $obj = new Pod_3_arg() ;
my $obj2 = new Pod_3(5, "toto", $obj) ;
print($obj2->{n} . "\n") ; # prints 5

will work fine. These objects can be of any type, even if these types are not known to Inline::Java. This is also true for return types:

use Inline Java => <<'END' ;
   import java.util.* ;

   class Pod_4 {
      public Pod_4(){
      }

      public HashMap get_hash(){
         HashMap h = new HashMap() ;
         h.put("key", "value") ;

         return h ;
      }

      public String do_stuff_to_hash(HashMap h){
        return (String)h.get("key") ;
      }
   }
END

my $obj = new Pod_4() ;
my $h = $obj->get_hash() ;
print($obj->do_stuff_to_hash($h) . "\n") ; # prints value

Objects of types unknown to Perl can exist in the Perl space, you just can't call any of their methods. See the STUDYING section for more information on how to tell Inline::Java to learn about these classes.

MEMBER VARIABLES

You can also access all public member variables (static or not) from Perl. As with method arguments, the types of these variables does not need to be known to Perl:

use Inline Java => <<'END' ;
   import java.util.* ;

   class Pod_5 {
      public int i ;
      public static HashMap hm ;

      public Pod_5(){
      }
  }
END

my $obj = new Pod_5() ;
$obj->{i} = 2 ;
print($obj->{i} . "\n") ; # prints 2
my $hm1 = $obj->{hm} ; # instance way
my $hm2 = $Pod_4::hm ; # static way

Note: Watch out for typos when accessing members in the static fashion, 'use strict' will not catch them since they have a package name...

ARRAYS

You can also send, receive and modify arrays. This is done simply by using Perl lists:

use Inline Java => <<'END' ;
   import java.util.* ;

   class Pod_6 {
      public int i[] = {5, 6, 7} ;

      public Pod_6(){
      }

      public String [] f(String a[]){
         return a ;
      }

      public String [][] f(String a[][]){
         return a ;
      }
  }
END

my $obj = new Pod_6() ;
my $i_2 = $obj->{i}->[2] ; # 7
print($i_2 . "\n") ; # prints 7

my $a1 = $obj->f(["a", "b", "c"]) ; # String []
my $a2 = $obj->f([
   ["00", "01"],
   ["10", "11"],
]) ; # String [][]
print($a2->[1]->[0] . "\n") ; # prints 10

EXCEPTIONS

You can now (as of 0.31) catch exceptions as objects when they are thrown from Java. To do this you use the regular Perl exception tools: eval and $@. A helper function named 'caught' is provided to help determine the type of the exception. Here is a example of a typical use:

   use Inline Java => <<'END' ;
      import java.util.* ;

      class Pod_9 {
         public Pod_9(boolean t) throws Exception {
            if (t){
               throw new Exception("ouch!") ;
            }
         }
      }
   END

   use Inline::Java qw(caught) ;

   eval {
	   my $obj = new Pod_9(1) ;
   } ;
   if ($@){
      if (caught("java.lang.Exception")){
         my $msg = $@->getMessage() ;
         print($msg . "\n") ; # prints ouch!
      }
      else{
         # It wasn't a Java exception after all...
         die $@ ;
      }
   }

What's important to understand is that $@ actually contains a reference to the Throwable object that was thrown by Java. The getMessage() function is really a method of the java.lang.Exception class. So if Java is throwing a custom exception you have in your code, you will have access to that exception object's public methods just like any other Java object in Inline::Java. Note: Inline::Java uses eval under the hood, so it recommended that you store any exception in a temporary variable before processing it, especially f you will be calling other Inline::Java functions. It is also probably a good idea to undef $@ once you have treated a Java exception, or else the object still has a reference until $@ is reset by the next eval.

FILEHANDLES

Java filehandles (java.io.Reader, java.io.Writer, java.io.InputStream or java.io.OutputStream objects) can be wrapped the Inline::Java::Handle class to allow reading or writing from Perl. Here's an example:

use Inline Java => <<'END' ;
   import java.io.* ;

   class Pod_91 {
      public static Reader getReader(String file) throws FileNotFoundException {
        return new FileReader(file) ;
      }
   }
END

 my $o = Pod_91->getReader('data.txt') ;
 my $h = new Inline::Java::Handle($o) ;
 while (<$h>){
   chomp($_) ;
   print($_ . "\n") ; # prints data
 }

What's important to understand is that $@ actually contains a reference to the Throwable object that was thrown by Java. The getMessage() function is really a method of the java.lang.Exception class. So if Java is throwing a custom exception you have in your code, you will have access to that exception object's public methods just like any other Java object in Inline::Java. It is also probably a good idea to undef $@ once you have treated a Java exception, or else the object still has a reference until $@ is reset by the next eval.

CALLBACKS

See Inline::Java::Callbacks for more information on making callbacks.

STUDYING

As of version 0.21, Inline::Java can learn about other Java classes and use them just like the Java code you write inside your Perl script. In fact you are not even required to write Java code inside your Perl script anymore. Here's how to use the 'studying' function:

use Inline (
   Java => 'STUDY',
   STUDY => ['java.util.HashMap'],
) ;

my $hm = new java::util::HashMap() ;
$hm->put("key", "value") ;
my $val = $hm->get("key") ;
print($val . "\n") ; # prints value

If you do not wish to put any Java code inside you Perl script, you must use the string 'STUDY' as your code. This will skip the build section.

You can also use the AUTOSTUDY option to tell Inline::Java that you wish to study all classes that it comes across:

use Inline Java => <<'END', AUTOSTUDY => 1 ;
   import java.util.* ;

   class Pod_10 {
      public Pod_10(){
      }

      public HashMap get_hm(){
         HashMap hm = new HashMap() ;
         return hm ;
      }
   }
END

my $obj = new Pod_10() ;
my $hm = $obj->get_hm() ;
$hm->put("key", "value") ;
my $val = $hm->get("key") ;
print($val . "\n") ; # prints value

In this case Inline::Java intercepts the return value of the get_hm() method, sees that it's of a type that it doesn't know about (java.lang.HashMap), and immediately studies the class. After that call the java::lang::HashMap class is available to use through Perl.

In some cases you may not know which classes to study until runtime. In these cases you can use the study_classes() function:

use Inline (
   Java => 'STUDY',
   STUDY => [],
) ;
use Inline::Java qw(study_classes) ;

study_classes(['java.util.HashMap'], undef) ;
my $hm = new java::util::HashMap() ;
$hm->put("key", "value") ;
my $val = $hm->get("key") ;
print($val . "\n") ; # prints value

The study_classes() function takes 2 arguments, a reference to an array of class names (like the STUDY configuration option) and the name of the package in which to bind those classes. If the name of the package is undefined, the classes will be bound to the current (caller) package.

Note: You can only specify the names of packages in which you have previously "used" Inline::Java.

TYPE CASTING

Sometimes you need to manipulate a Java object using a specific subtype. That's when type casting is necessary. Here's an example of this:

use Inline (
   Java => 'STUDY',
   STUDY => ['java.util.HashMap'],
   AUTOSTUDY => 1,
) ;
use Inline::Java qw(cast) ;

my $hm = new java::util::HashMap() ;
$hm->put('key', 'value') ;

my $entries = $hm->entrySet()->toArray() ;
foreach my $e (@{$entries}){
  # print($e->getKey() . "\n") ; # No!
  print(cast('java.util.Map$Entry', $e)->getKey() . "\n") ; # prints key
}

In this case, Inline::Java knows that $e is of type java.util.HashMap$Entry. The problem is that this type is not public, and therefore we can't access the object through that type. We must cast it to a java.util.Map$Entry, which is a public interface and will allow us to access the getKey() method.

You can also use type casting to force the selection of a specific method signature for methods that have multiple signatures. See examples similar to this in the "TYPE COERCING" section below.

TYPE COERCING

Type coercing is the equivalent of casting for primitives types and arrays. It is used to force the selection if a specific method signature when Inline::Java has multiple choices. The coerce function returns a special object that can only be used when calling Java methods or assigning Java members. Here is an example:

use Inline Java => <<'END' ;
   class Pod_101 {
      public Pod_101(){
      }

      public String f(int i){
         return "int" ;
      }

      public String f(char c){
         return "char" ;
      }
   }
END

my $obj = new Pod_101() ;
print($obj->f('5') . "\n") ; # prints int

In this case, Inline::Java will call f(int i), because '5' is an integer. But '5' is a valid char as well. So to force the call of f(char c), do the following:

use Inline::Java qw(coerce) ;
$obj->f(coerce('char', '5')) ;
# or
$obj->f(Inline::Java::coerce('char', '5')) ;

The coerce function forces the selection of the matching signature. Note that the coerce must match the argument type exactly. Coercing to a class that extends the argument type will not work.

Another case where type coercing is needed is when one wants to pass an array as a java.lang.Object:

use Inline Java => <<'END';
   class Pod_8 {
      public Object o ;
      int a[] = {1, 2, 3} ;

      public Pod_8() {
      }
   }
END

my $obj = new Pod_8() ;
$obj->{o} = [1, 2, 3] ;	# No!

The reason why this will not work is simple. When Inline::Java sees an array, it checks the Java type you are trying to match it against to validate the construction of your Perl list. But in this case, it can't validate the array because you're assigning it to an Object. You must use the 3 parameter version of the coerce function to do this:

$obj->{o} = Inline::Java::coerce(
  "java.lang.Object", 
  [1, 2, 3],
  "[Ljava.lang.String;") ;

This tells Inline::Java to validate your Perl list as a String [], and then coerce it as an Object.

Here is how to construct the array type representations:

[<type>  -> 1 dimensional <type> array
[[<type> -> 2 dimensional <type> array
...

where <type> is one of:
  B byte     S short     I int     J long  
  F float    D double    C char    Z boolean

  L<class>; array of <class> objects

This is described in more detail in most Java books that talk about reflection.

But you only need to do this if you have a Perl list. If you already have a Java array reference obtained from elsewhere, you don't even need to coerce:

$obj->{o} = $obj->{a} ;

JNI vs CLIENT/SERVER MODES

Starting in version 0.20, it is possible to use the JNI (Java Native Interface) extension. This enables Inline::Java to load the Java virtual machine as a shared object instead of running it as a stand-alone server. This brings an improvement in performance.

If you have built the JNI extension, you must enable it explicitely by doing one of the following:

Set the JNI configuration option to 1
Set the PERL_INLINE_JAVA_JNI environment variable to 1

Note: Inline::Java only creates one virtual machine instance. Therefore you can't use JNI for some sections and client/server for others. The first section determines the execution mode.

See README.JNI for more information about the JNI extension.

SHARED_JVM

Starting with version 0.30, the Inline::Java JVM can now be shared between multiple processes. The first process to start creates the JVM but does not shut it down on exit. All other processes can then connect as needed to the JVM. If any of these other processes where created by forking the parent process, the Inline::Java->reconnect_JVM() function must be called in the child to get a fresh connection to the JVM. Ex:

use Inline (
   Java => <<'END',
      class Pod_11 {
         public static int i = 0 ;
         public Pod_11(){
            i++ ;
         }
      }
END
   SHARED_JVM => 1,
) ;

my $nb = 5 ;
for (my $i = 0 ; $i < $nb ; $i++){
   if (! fork()){
      Inline::Java::reconnect_JVM() ;
      my $f = new Pod_11() ;
      exit ;
   }
}
sleep(5) ;

my $f = new Pod_11() ;
print($f->{i} . "\n") ; # prints 6

Once this code was run, each of the 6 processes will have created a different instance of the 't' class. Data can be shared between the processes by using static members in the Java code.

Note: The Java System.out stream is closed in SHARED_JVM mode.

USING Inline::Java IN A CGI

If you want to use Inline::Java in a CGI script, do the following:

use CGI ;
use Inline (
   Java => <<'END',
      class Pod_counter {
         public static int cnt = 0 ;
         public Pod_counter(){
            cnt++ ;
         }
      }
END
   SHARED_JVM => 1,
   DIRECTORY => '/somewhere/your/web/server/can/write',
) ;

my $c = new Pod_counter() ;
my $q = new CGI() ;
print 
   $q->start_html() . 
   "This page has been accessed " . $c->{cnt} . " times." .
   $q->end_html() ;

In this scenario, the first CGI to execute will start the JVM, but does not shut it down on exit. Subsequent CGI, since they have the SHARED_JVM option enabled, will try to connect to the already existing JVM before trying to start a new one. Therefore if the JVM happens to crash or is killed, the next CGI that runs will start a new one. The JVM will be killed when Apache is shut down.

See the BUGS AND DEFICIENCIES section if you have problems starting the SHARED_JVM server in a CGI.

USING Inline::Java UNDER MOD_PERL

Here is an example of how to use Inline::Java under mod_perl:

use Apache2::Const qw(:common) ;
use Inline (
   Java => <<'END',
      class Pod_counter {
         public static int cnt = 0 ;
         public Pod_counter(){
            cnt++ ;
         }
      }
END
   SHARED_JVM => 1,
   DIRECTORY => '/somewhere/your/web/server/can/write',
) ;

my $c = new Pod_counter() ;

sub handler {
   my $r = shift ;

   my $q = new CGI ;
   print
      $q->start_html() .
      "This page has been accessed " . $c->{cnt} . " times." .
      $q->end_html() ;

   return OK ;
}

See USING Inline::Java IN A CGI for more details.

If you are using ModPerl::Registry, make sure to use the PACKAGE configuration option to specifiy the package in which Inline::Java should bind the Java code, since ModPerl::Registry will place your code in a package with a unpredictable name.

See the BUGS AND DEFICIENCIES section if you have problems starting the SHARED_JVM server under MOD_PERL.

BUGS AND DEFICIENCIES

When reporting a bug, please do the following:

- Put "use Inline REPORTBUG;" at the top of your code, or
  use the command line option "perl -MInline=REPORTBUG ...".
- Run your code.
- Follow the printed instructions.

Here are some things to watch out for:

You shouldn't name any of your classes 'B', 'S', 'I', 'J', 'F', 'D', 'C', 'Z' or 'L'. These classes seem to be used internally by Java to represent the primitive types.
If you upgrade Inline::Java from a previous version, be sure to delete your _Inline directory so that Inline::Java's own Java classes get rebuilt to match the Perl code.
Under certain environments, i.e. CGI or mod_perl, the JVM cannot start properly because of the way these environments set up STDIN and STDOUT. In these cases, you may wish to control the JVM (in shared mode) manually using the following commands:
```
 % perl -MInline::Java::Server=status
 % perl -MInline::Java::Server=start 
 % perl -MInline::Java::Server=stop 
 % perl -MInline::Java::Server=restart 
```
You can specify Inline::Java options by setting the proper environment variables, and you can also set the _Inline directory by using the PERL_INLINE_JAVA_DIRECTORY environment variable.

In addition, you may also wish to set the START_JVM option to 0 in your scripts to prevent them from trying to start their own JVM if they can't find one, thereby causing problems.

AUTHOR

Patrick LeBoutillier <patl@cpan.org> is the author of Inline::Java.

Brian Ingerson <ingy@cpan.org> is the author of Inline.

COPYRIGHT

All Rights Reserved. This module is free software. It may be used, redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the Perl Artistic License. See http://www.perl.com/perl/misc/Artistic.html for more details.

To install Inline::Java, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.

cpanm

cpanm Inline::Java

CPAN shell

perl -MCPAN -e shell
install Inline::Java

For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.

	Global
`s`	Focus search bar
`?`	Bring up this help dialog

	GitHub
`g` `p`	Go to pull requests
`g` `i`	go to github issues (only if github is preferred repository)

	POD
`g` `a`	Go to author
`g` `c`	Go to changes
`g` `i`	Go to issues
`g` `d`	Go to dist
`g` `r`	Go to repository/SCM
`g` `s`	Go to source
`g` `b`	Go to file browse

	Search terms
module: (e.g. module:Plugin)
distribution: (e.g. distribution:Dancer auth)
author: (e.g. author:SONGMU Redis)
version: (e.g. version:1.00)

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

USING THE Inline::Java MODULE

DEFAULT JAVA 2 SDK

CONFIGURATION OPTIONS

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

METHODS

MEMBER VARIABLES

ARRAYS

EXCEPTIONS

FILEHANDLES

CALLBACKS

STUDYING

TYPE CASTING

TYPE COERCING

JNI vs CLIENT/SERVER MODES

SHARED_JVM

USING Inline::Java IN A CGI

USING Inline::Java UNDER MOD_PERL

BUGS AND DEFICIENCIES

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

COPYRIGHT

Module Install Instructions