The
SPP2
(
Parallel
Processing
Server
)
developed
at
LCAD-ICMC-USP
uses
conventional
computers
connected
in
a
high-speed
communication
network
.
@
Researchers
from
the
University
of
Illinois
developed
a
high-performance
software
layer
called
Fast
Messages
to
exchange
messages
between
machines
connected
to
high-speed
Myrinet
networks
.
@
This
layer
has
low-latency
and
high-bandwidth
packet
transmission
.
@
A
high-level
library
largely
employed
in
parallel
programming
is
PVM
(
Parallel
Virtual
Machine
).
@
For
the
PVM
to
take
advantage
of
the
communication
performance
of
the
Fast
Messages
system
onto
Myrinet
,
LCAD-USP
developed
a
library
which
has
socket
communication
semantics
,
but
uses
Fast
Messages
to
achieve
a
higher
performance
.
@
This
library
can
also
be
used
directly
to
exchange
messages
on
the
network
,
being
more
suitable
to
the
programmer
used
to
sockets
than
the
Fast
Messages
primitives
.
@
Preliminary
tests
show
that
sock2fm
has
a
better
performance
than
TCP
/
IP
for
messages
with
more
than
250
bytes
(
79
%
better
for
some
packet
sizes
).
@
$
Faced
with
the
innumerable
options
of
software
packages
available
for
information
systems
applications
and
the
difficulty
clients
have
to
choose
the
package
that
better
suits
their
needs
,
in
this
paper
,
we
discuss
a
procedure
to
choose
software
packages
in
the
Information
System
area
.
@
In
this
procedure
,
we
use
the
rule
NBR
12119
of
the
Brazilian
Association
of
Technical
Rules
(
ABNT
)
and
the
Quality
Function
Deployment
(
QFD
)
of
the
American
Supplier
Institute
(
ASI
).
@
$
Software
project
planning
is
a
vital
managerial
practice
for
successful
project
management
.
@
The
absence
of
managerial
practices
in
software
development
is
the
main
cause
of
serious
problems
faced
by
organizations
:
delayed
schedules
,
costs
higher
than
expected
,
and
presence
of
defects
.
@
Such
problems
cause
inconvenience
for
users
and
waste
of
time
and
resources
for
developers
.
@
According
to
ISO
,
SPICE
and
CMM
models
and
quality
standards
,
project
planning
is
one
of
the
basic
items
for
a
company
to
start
improving
its
software
development
process
.
@
This
paper
presents
a
planning
process
model
that
defines
,
lists
and
organizes
the
main
activities
to
be
done
in
order
to
plan
a
software
project
.
@
It
also
discusses
a
case
study
that
shows
an
application
of
process
model
in
the
systems
development
center
of
a
private
company
.
@
$
In
this
paper
,
we
present
a
tool
to
validate
and
verify
requirements
trading
.
@
This
tool
supports
the
ERACE
approach
.
@
This
approach
is
based
on
the
system
requirements
document
and
proposes
to
specify
the
interactions
between
the
system
and
its
agents
(
scenarios
).
@
Then
the
scenarios
are
specified
in
detail
.
@
We
also
present
heuristics
of
the
evolution
from
the
requirements
model
to
analysis
models
,
illustrated
by
a
case
study
.
@
$
The
growth
of
the
software
market
brings
about
an
increasing
use
of
development
techniques
,
which
are
often
informal
.
@
The
maintenance
of
software
is
problematic
,
since
its
documentation
rarely
reflects
the
code
implemented
.
@
In
this
context
,
the
Software
Reverse
Engineering
works
with
the
purpose
of
retrieving
the
project
information
lost
during
the
development
phase
and
documenting
the
current
software
state
.
@
This
article
discusses
the
issues
raised
during
the
application
of
the
reverse
engineering
method
Fusion-RE
/
I.
@
The
experiment
described
is
part
of
the
re-engineering
of
a
prototype
system
of
hypermedia
,
whose
goal
is
to
adapt
it
to
the
domain
of
Software
Engineering
.
@
Since
the
target
system
is
hypermedia
,
the
results
obtained
during
the
application
of
the
Fusion-RE
/
I
method
could
be
registered
as
a
hyperdocument
in
the
very
system
submitted
to
reverse
engineering
.
@
Then
,
it
was
possible
to
observe
relevant
aspects
about
the
validation
of
the
proposed
steps
in
the
Fusion-RE
/
I
method
.
@
$
This
paper
discusses
the
functional
requirements
identified
in
the
software
reverse
engineering
process
which
can
be
supported
by
a
hypertext
system
.
@
By
means
of
a
conceptual
and
navigational
modeling
of
information
related
to
the
reverse
engineering
method
Fusion-RE
/
I
,
we
established
the
functional
requirements
of
a
hypermedia
application
to
support
the
method
.
@
Our
purpose
is
to
offer
guidelines
to
the
software
engineer
in
charge
of
the
reverse
engineering
process
and
to
make
possible
to
follow
the
evolution
of
this
process
.
@
$
This
paper
discusses
issues
related
to
the
authoring
of
educational
hypermedia
applications
with
the
objective
of
identifying
requirements
for
an
environment
of
development
of
hypermedia
applications
.
@
The
authoring
of
educational
hyperdocuments
is
a
complex
task
,
and
traditional
hypermedia
authoring
systems
,
like
HyperCard
,
ToolBook
,
and
even
the
HTML
language
for
the
WWW
,
are
more
suitable
for
the
tasks
of
presenting
and
retrieving
information
.
@
This
paper
presents
some
tools
for
authoring
of
educational
hyperdocuments
and
considers
the
need
of
a
previous
modeling
of
the
knowledge
domain
.
@
A
method
for
a
project
of
educational
hyperdocuments
applications
,
the
EHDM
,
is
proposed
as
a
basis
for
the
development
of
authoring
tools
which
incorporate
the
modeling
of
the
knowledge
domain
as
part
of
their
authoring
process
.
@
A
tool
developed
using
EHDM
as
its
methodological
basis
is
also
presented
as
a
way
of
validating
the
EHDM
in
a
real
context
.
@
$
The
improvement
of
techniques
and
systematic
methods
designed
to
support
the
development
of
computational
systems
has
brought
about
as
its
main
advantage
the
production
of
high
quality
and
low
cost
software
.
@
As
in
the
development
of
commercial
software
,
the
development
of
hypermedia
applications
has
undergone
significant
alterations
and
constant
evolution
.
@
Today
,
the
authoring
systems
for
hypermedia
applications
provide
conditions
for
a
previously
specified
application
to
be
effectively
implemented
later
.
@
However
,
it
is
necessary
that
they
have
some
user-friendly
and
motivating
characteristics
.
@
This
paper
discusses
the
evaluation
of
the
implementation
of
a
desirable
set
of
requirements
in
an
environment
of
authoring
for
educational
hypermedia
applications
called
SASHE
(
Hypermedia
System
for
Authoring
and
Supporting
Educational
Applications
).
@
Initial
requirements
proposed
for
this
system
will
also
be
considered
in
the
evaluation
,
which
will
be
made
experimentally
and
produce
concrete
data
related
to
the
present
status
of
the
authoring
module
implementation
in
the
system
mentioned
.
@
$
This
paper
discusses
the
Educational
Hyperdocuments
Design
Method
,
or
EHDM
,
a
systematic
approach
to
support
the
design
and
development
of
educational
hypermedia
applications
.
@
It
uses
the
Michener's
model
and
the
technique
of
conceptual
mapping
for
modeling
the
knowledge
domain
of
the
hyperdocument
.
@
We
discuss
the
three
phases
that
compose
the
method
-
hierarchical
conceptual
modeling
,
contextual
navigational
design
and
construction
and
test
.
@
$
Reactive
Systems
are
characterized
by
continually
reacting
to
external
as
well
as
internal
stimuli
and
by
having
as
its
main
concern
the
behavioral
aspect
.
@
Among
the
techniques
that
are
used
to
specify
the
behavior
of
this
kind
of
system
are
the
Petri
Nets
.
@
Due
to
the
critical
features
that
are
in
general
involved
in
these
systems
,
their
specifications
must
be
strictly
validated
.
@
Thus
,
the
Mutation
Analysis
,
a
fault
­
based
criterion
usually
used
for
program
testing
,
has
been
explored
in
the
context
of
Petri
Net
testing
.
@
The
objective
of
this
research
is
the
implementation
of
the
Proteum
­
RS
/
PN
tool
,
aiming
at
the
automation
of
the
Petri
Net
testing
and
validation
process
based
on
Mutation
Analysis
,
since
its
manual
application
is
impracticable
.
@
$
The
Clustered
Knapsack
Problem
can
be
stated
as
the
following
hypothetical
situation
:
an
alpinist
should
load
a
knapsack
of
limited
capacity
with
possibly
useful
items
.
@
To
each
item
is
attributed
its
weight
and
an
utility
value
(
so
far
,
the
problem
coincides
with
the
standard
Knapsack
Problem
).
@
However
,
the
items
belong
to
different
classes
(
food
,
medicaments
,
utensils
,
etc
.)
and
they
should
be
packed
in
separated
clusters
in
the
knapsack
.
@
The
knapsack
clusters
are
flexible
and
have
limited
capacity
.
@
Each
cluster
has
a
cost
that
depends
on
the
class
with
which
it
was
filled
.
@
The
Clustered
Knapsack
Problem
consists
of
determining
the
suitable
capacity
of
each
cluster
and
how
these
clusters
should
be
filled
,
maximizing
the
total
utility
value
.
@
In
this
paper
,
we
propose
an
integer
non-linear
optimization
model
for
the
problem
and
design
some
heuristics
for
its
solution
.
@
Such
problem
extends
the
class
of
Knapsack
Problems
found
in
the
literature
.
@
A
relevant
practical
application
of
this
problem
appears
in
the
cut
of
steel
coils
subject
to
lamination
.
@
$
This
paper
discusses
the
STT
(
Telemetry
and
Telecommand
System
),
part
of
the
ARARA
(
Autonomous
and
Radio-Assisted
Reconnaissance
Aircraft
)
project
.
@
The
STT
allows
the
operation
of
the
ARARA
aircraft
beyond
its
pilot's
visual
range
.
@
Real
time
video
and
instrumentation
data
are
broadcast
from
the
aircraft
to
a
ground
station
.
@
The
graphic
interface
of
STT
presents
the
video
superimposed
by
an
instrument
panel
,
similarly
to
flight
simulators
,
making
its
operation
very
intuitive
.
@
$
Today
,
organizations
must
exchange
data
among
each
other
,
and
the
tendency
is
that
these
exchanges
become
more
and
more
digital
.
@
Queries
are
made
freely
in
databases
of
independent
organizations
,
although
,
when
it
is
necessary
to
exchange
data
,
as
there
is
not
a
prevision
of
integration
,
data
can
only
be
exchanged
after
a
preparation
which
imposes
some
sort
of
manual
intervention
,
construction
of
special
filters
,
etc
.,
since
the
non-existence
of
a
common
scheme
hinders
the
exchange
of
data
from
one
database
with
those
from
another
database
.
@
However
,
although
databases
of
different
organizations
can
be
built
in
a
totally
independent
way
,
the
need
for
exchanges
means
that
the
semantics
of
the
manipulated
elements
must
be
at
least
similar
,
especially
of
those
which
should
be
shared
.
@
For
example
,
if
two
organizations
must
interchange
data
on
people
,
it
does
not
matter
for
the
different
organizations
if
these
people
are
customers
,
employees
,
students
or
patients
,
the
meaning
of
&
quot
;
people
&
quot
;
is
always
understood
by
organizations
members
.
@
This
dissertation
is
based
on
the
supposition
that
it
exists
some
form
of
primitive
definition
for
the
several
data
elements
that
must
be
shared
,
and
from
which
its
instantiation
as
elements
of
a
particular
data
scheme
can
be
recognized
.
@
Thus
,
we
seek
to
identify
primitive
structures
aiming
at
integrating
systems
.
@
However
,
in
order
to
reach
such
structure
it
is
necessary
to
define
rules
that
guarantee
the
preservation
of
data
properties
to
allow
that
,
every
time
the
scheme
of
an
organization
A
is
built
from
the
same
primitive
structure
used
by
an
organization
B
,
the
integration
between
them
both
can
be
made
automatically
,
and
that
it
does
not
cause
inconsistency
in
the
databases
which
will
be
receiving
information
.
@
In
order
to
meet
these
objectives
,
this
dissertation
proposes
that
such
structures
of
primitive
schemes
are
part
of
the
Reusable
Components
Libraries
which
are
distributed
as
part
of
commercial
Rapid
Application
Development
Tools
.
@
As
an
example
of
how
it
could
be
done
,
we
present
a
component
which
defines
generically
an
object
&
quot
;
person
&
quot
;,
developed
from
the
way
&
quot
;
people
&
quot
;
are
treated
in
two
real
systems
,
centering
this
structure
in
a
sole
Abstraction
:
the
Generalization
Abstraction
.
@
We
also
present
the
set
of
rules
which
should
be
used
to
integrate
the
components
centered
in
this
abstraction
,
the
most
universally
compatible
among
the
several
object-oriented
data
models
available
today
.
@
$
This
dissertation
presents
alternative
methods
to
obtain
aerial
pictures
and
their
use
in
agricultural
applications
.
@
Aerial
pictures
represent
an
important
tool
to
evaluate
several
parameters
in
modern
agricultural
practice
,
especially
those
that
cannot
be
evaluated
at
ground
level
.
@
Three
types
of
system
are
defined
with
increasing
levels
of
complexity
and
usability
.
@
Several
criteria
are
proposed
to
evaluate
the
system
and
determine
its
suitability
to
the
main
agricultural
applications
.
@
We
built
a
Type
I
system
based
on
model
airplanes
,
which
is
used
in
technology
evaluation
and
project
validation
.
@
We
used
components
easily
available
on
the
market
,
and
there
is
a
potential
for
technical
improvement
in
the
system
built
concerning
each
one
of
its
basic
components
:
the
airplane
,
the
method
of
control
,
and
the
means
to
obtain
images
.
@
The
results
show
that
the
system
can
substitute
,
at
a
low
cost
,
the
conventional
ways
used
so
far
to
obtain
such
images
.
@
$
This
dissertation
discusses
Animbs
(
Animation
for
MBS
),
a
software
that
enables
the
visualization
of
data
generated
by
an
engineering
simulation
system
(
SD
/
FAST
)
in
the
form
of
computer
animation
.
@
The
SD
/
FAST
is
a
system
for
modeling
and
simulating
mechanical
multibody
systems
(
MBS
).
@
The
Animbs
system
allows
the
association
of
a
geometry
to
the
MBS
being
simulated
,
and
uses
the
data
produced
by
the
SD
/
FAST
simulation
to
create
an
animated
view
of
the
mechanical
system
behavior
,
thus
enhancing
the
data
analysis
made
by
users
of
SD
/
FAST
.
@
$
This
dissertation
discusses
several
scenario
techniques
and
methods
to
support
the
requirements
engineering
phase
,
as
well
as
a
comparison
amongst
the
approaches
reviewed
.
@
We
propose
a
scenario-based
engineering
requirements
process
compatible
with
the
UML
notation
.
@
We
also
discuss
the
introduced
notation
,
the
process
of
construction
of
the
requirements
model
and
several
heuristics
to
the
construction
of
the
UML
analysis
model
.
@
A
case
study
about
a
system
to
support
the
writing
of
technical
documents
illustrates
the
construction
of
the
requirements
model
according
to
the
proposed
process
.
@
Finally
,
we
present
a
tool
that
supports
the
construction
of
the
models
introduced
by
the
process
.
@
$
From
the
1990s
on
,
quality
became
a
basic
need
in
competition
for
market
and
eventually
affected
the
software
industry
.
@
Software
developers
must
improve
the
final
product
in
order
to
keep
it
competitive
.
@
After
some
years
of
experience
in
software
development
,
we
noticed
that
some
quality
factors
considered
by
customers
are
more
related
to
the
software
process
than
to
the
final
product
.
@
The
improvement
of
software
process
increases
the
possibilities
to
achieve
a
product
that
is
in
accordance
with
customers
expectations
.
@
However
,
the
accomplishment
of
improvement
in
the
software
process
is
not
a
simple
task
and
involves
several
factors
.
@
To
aid
the
task
of
improving
software
process
,
there
are
several
improvement
models
in
the
literature
,
for
instance
SW-CMM
(
Software-Capability
Maturity
Model
).
@
But
most
of
the
current
improvement
models
concern
large
corporations
,
with
a
complex
and
&
quot
;
closed
&
quot
;
structure
which
can
hardly
be
adjusted
to
the
needs
of
Brazilian
software
development
companies
,
that
are
usually
small
businesses
.
@
In
this
context
,
this
dissertation
discusses
guidelines
to
a
clear
and
objective
improvement
of
software
process
.
@
These
guidelines
follow
the
steps
of
the
establishment
phase
of
the
IDEAL
Approach
-
Establishment
of
Priorities
,
Development
of
Approach
and
Planning
of
Actions
-
and
consider
some
ideas
obtained
in
the
study
of
the
approaches
S
:
PLAN
,
Bootstrap
and
part
7
of
SPICE
Model
.
@
$
Fault
Injection
is
a
technique
that
has
been
widely
used
in
the
development
of
computer
systems
that
need
to
be
highly
reliable
.
@
In
this
area
,
there
are
studies
related
with
hardware
and
software
fault
injection
.
@
It
should
be
pointed
out
that
there
are
few
research
related
to
software
fault
injection
in
the
literature
as
well
as
few
software
fault
model
and
injection
methods
.
@
Thus
,
the
objective
of
this
dissertation
is
to
study
software
fault
models
and
investigate
injection
methods
based
on
concepts
and
principles
taken
from
the
Mutation
Analysis
Criterion
.
@
Considering
the
increasing
complexity
of
computer
systems
,
the
project
and
implementation
of
supporting
tools
to
fault
injection
become
necessary
.
@
Thus
,
in
this
dissertation
,
we
discuss
a
software
fault
injection
tool
named
Itool
,
based
on
a
fault
injection
scheme
.
@
This
scheme
characterizes
the
mapping
of
a
software
fault
taxonomy
(
DeMillo's
Taxonomy
)
for
the
mutation
operators
of
the
Mutation
Analysis
criterion
for
C
language
.
@
To
illustrate
the
relevance
and
feasibility
of
the
ideas
presented
in
this
dissertation
,
we
carried
out
a
pilot
experiment
using
the
Space
program
,
a
real
system
developed
by
ESA
(
European
Space
Agency
).
@
$
In
this
dissertation
,
we
discuss
an
empirical
study
to
evaluate
the
effectiveness
,
strength
and
application
cost
of
the
Mutation
Analysis
criterion
.
@
Effectiveness
and
cost
were
also
evaluated
according
to
the
Potential
Uses
criteria
and
the
results
compared
with
those
produced
by
the
Mutation
Analysis
criterion
.
@
We
also
discuss
the
specification
and
implementation
of
a
minimization
strategy
test
set
adequate
to
the
Mutation
Analysis
criterion
.
@
The
results
presented
in
this
paper
show
that
the
Potential
Uses
criteria
based
on
data
flow
and
the
Mutation
testing
based
on
errors
are
promising
.
@
Each
criterion
has
features
that
complement
each
other
and
are
interesting
to
be
investigated
in
an
experiment
of
larger
scale
.
@
The
use
of
constrained
mutation
and
test
set
minimization
allows
the
application
of
these
criteria
in
industrial
software
development
environments
.
@
$
The
object-oriented
reverse
engineering
of
a
legacy
system
developed
using
the
procedural
paradigm
is
the
basis
for
two
different
reengineering
approaches
.
@
In
the
first
,
reengineering
is
done
to
change
the
implementation
paradigm
by
segmentation
,
followed
by
its
semi
­
automatic
transformation
into
an
object-oriented
language
.
@
In
the
second
,
recurring
patterns
are
first
recognized
in
the
object
model
produced
by
the
reverse
engineering
,
and
then
the
reengineering
is
done
adopting
these
patterns
.
@
The
results
obtained
by
these
two
approaches
are
compared
to
assess
their
maintainability
,
legibility
and
reusability
.
@
The
original
version
of
the
legacy
system
used
in
this
experience
has
about
twenty
thousand
lines
of
Clipper
code
and
refers
to
an
electrical
and
mechanical
car
repair
shop
.
@
For
the
reverse
engineering
phase
we
used
the
Fusion
/
RE
method
,
and
proposed
its
evolution
,
adding
features
to
detail
the
abstraction
phase
of
its
system
analysis
model
.
@
To
change
the
system
orientation
paradigm
from
procedural
to
object
­
oriented
we
propose
two
additional
phases
to
be
conducted
after
the
application
of
the
Fusion
/
RE
method
:
the
forward
design
of
the
system
and
the
legacy
code
segmentation
.
@
Hints
and
rationales
are
supplied
to
conduct
the
code
segmentation
.
@
The
code
transformation
from
segmented
Clipper
to
Java
is
done
with
support
of
a
Draco
­
Puc
machine
.
@
We
propose
a
strategy
for
pattern
recognition
based
on
the
system
object
model
obtained
through
reverse
engineering
.
@
By
means
of
this
strategy
we
can
recognize
instances
of
Type
­
Object
,
Association
­
Object
,
State
Across
a
Collection
and
Behaviour
Across
a
Collection
patterns
.
@
We
carried
out
Delphi
implementation
experiments
of
some
of
these
patterns
.
@
$
Independently
of
the
type
of
maintenance
carried
out
-
corrective
,
preventive
,
adaptive
or
perfective
-,
regression
testing
activities
are
necessary
to
test
modifications
and
new
contingent
features
,
and
,
mainly
,
to
test
if
existing
features
were
not
adversely
affected
by
the
modifications
.
@
Aiming
at
carrying
out
the
regression
testing
systematically
,
at
a
low
cost
and
with
effectiveness
,
many
techniques
have
been
proposed
in
the
literature
.
@
These
techniques
are
divided
into
two
approaches
:
retest-all
and
selective
.
@
The
retest-all
approach
uses
the
complete
test
case
set
available
,
whereas
the
selective
approach
selects
a
subset
to
carry
out
the
regression
testing
.
@
The
techniques
based
on
the
selective
approach
have
been
deeply
studied
,
for
they
aim
at
reducing
the
efforts
made
in
the
regression
testing
,
reducing
the
number
of
test
cases
to
be
re-executed
.
@
As
there
are
several
techniques
based
on
the
selective
approach
,
empirical
studies
are
necessary
to
evaluate
and
compare
these
techniques
.
@
Thus
,
this
work
aims
at
evaluating
and
comparing
the
application
of
two
promising
regression
testing
techniques
:
Technique
based
on
Modification
and
Technique
based
on
Selective
Mutation
.
@
A
framework
proposed
by
Rothermel
and
Harrold
is
used
to
evaluate
these
techniques
.
@
With
the
accomplishment
of
these
studies
,
we
hope
to
contribute
towards
the
establishment
of
effective
and
low
cost
regression
testing
strategies
.
@
$
Testing
activities
in
the
development
of
Reactive
Systems
are
extremely
relevant
,
as
well
as
the
availability
of
tools
that
support
these
activities
,
since
failures
in
these
systems
may
have
serious
economic
and
/
or
social
consequences
.
@
The
Mutation
Analysis
is
one
of
the
fault
­
based
testing
criteria
,
and
it
is
usually
applied
during
unit
testing
.
@
This
criterion
has
been
investigated
in
the
context
of
testing
and
validation
activities
of
Reactive
Systems
behavioral
specifications
based
on
Finite
State
Machines
,
Statecharts
and
Petri
Nets
.
@
The
specification
of
a
tool
named
Proteum
­
RS
was
carried
out
and
constitutes
the
first
step
to
support
the
application
of
the
Mutation
Analysis
Criterion
in
the
context
of
Reactive
Systems
.
@
This
dissertation
aims
at
implementing
an
instantiation
of
Proteum
­
RS
,
called
Proteum-RS
/
ST
,
to
support
testing
of
specification
based
on
Statecharts
.
@
We
intend
to
provide
subsidies
for
investigating
criteria
traditionally
applied
at
the
unit
level
for
testing
Reactive
Systems
specifications
,
in
particular
in
the
context
of
Statecharts
based
specifications
.
@
$
Reactive
Systems
are
characterized
by
continuously
reacting
to
external
as
well
as
internal
stimuli
and
controlling
human
activities
.
@
In
these
systems
,
faults
can
result
in
great
losses
.
@
The
use
of
rigorous
methods
and
techniques
for
the
specification
of
their
behavior
is
essential
to
avoid
inconsistencies
and
ambiguities
.
@
Petri
Nets
have
been
used
for
reactive
­
system
specification
.
@
Testing
and
validation
of
the
underlying
model
are
essential
activities
for
the
production
of
such
systems
.
@
For
this
reason
the
Mutant
Analysis
--
a
fault
­
based
criterion
usually
used
for
program
testing
--
has
been
explored
in
the
context
of
specification
testing
of
reactive
systems
.
@
The
development
of
tools
to
support
its
application
is
necessary
,
since
its
manual
application
is
impracticable
.
@
The
objective
of
this
dissertation
is
the
implementation
of
Proteum
­
RS
/
PN
,
a
testing
tool
which
supports
the
application
of
Mutant
Analysis
criterion
to
validate
Petri
Nets-based
specifications
.
@
$
Several
techniques
,
criteria
and
tools
have
been
developed
to
make
the
testing
activity
more
systematic
and
aiming
at
overcoming
associated
time
and
cost
constraints
.
@
Moreover
,
the
testing
community
has
been
conducting
theoretical
and
empirical
studies
to
establish
an
incremental
,
low-cost
,
and
effective
testing
strategy
.
@
This
dissertation
is
within
this
context
and
aims
at
conducting
empirical
studies
for
comparing
adequacy
between
error
based
criteria
--
Mutation
Analysis
(
unit
testing
)
and
Interface
Mutation
(
integration
testing
),
with
the
objective
of
establishing
low-cost
and
effective
testing
strategies
that
comprise
all
software
development
cycle
.
@
From
this
perspective
,
some
incremental
testing
strategies
for
mutant
operators
'
application
are
defined
exploring
the
complementary
aspects
of
criteria
based
on
mutation
,
reducing
the
testing
activity
costs
during
the
phases
of
unit
and
integration
testing
,
without
losses
in
testing
quality
.
@
We
also
discuss
an
essential
set
of
mutant
operators
for
the
Interface
Mutation
criterion
.
@
$
Mutation
Analysis
-
one
of
the
error-based
testing
criteria
-
has
been
found
to
be
effective
on
revealing
faults
.
@
However
,
its
high
cost
,
due
to
the
high
number
of
mutants
created
,
has
motivated
the
proposition
of
many
alternative
approaches
for
its
application
.
@
In
this
sense
,
a
relevant
study
resulted
on
the
determination
of
an
essential
set
of
mutant
operators
for
Fortran
,
indicating
that
it
is
possible
to
reduce
the
cost
of
mutation
testing
,
preserving
a
high
mutation
score
.
@
Some
studies
have
also
shown
that
reduction
on
effectiveness
is
not
significant
.
@
This
dissertation
aims
at
investigating
pragmatic
alternatives
for
mutation
analysis
application
and
,
in
this
context
,
it
proposes
a
procedure
for
determining
an
essential
mutant
operators
set
for
C
,
using
Proteum
testing
tool
.
@
Aiming
at
applying
and
validating
the
proposed
procedure
,
two
different
groups
of
programs
are
used
.
@
For
both
of
them
,
the
essential
mutant
operators
set
shows
very
significant
results
in
terms
of
cost
reduction
,
with
a
very
small
reduction
on
mutation
score
.
@
Strategies
to
evolve
and
refine
an
essential
mutant
operators
set
into
different
application
domains
are
also
investigated
.
@
$
The
growth
of
the
software
market
is
leading
to
an
increasing
use
of
informal
development
techniques
.
@
The
maintenance
of
such
software
is
problematic
,
since
its
documentation
rarely
reflects
the
implemented
code
.
@
Thus
,
when
faced
with
product
maintenance
,
the
software
engineer
finds
an
informal
and
incomplete
documentation
,
which
does
not
mirror
the
existing
software
.
@
In
this
context
the
Reverse
Engineering
of
Software
can
be
useful
for
retrieving
project
information
lost
during
the
development
phase
and
for
documenting
the
current
software
state
.
@
The
main
objective
of
this
dissertation
was
the
investigation
of
an
appropriate
hypertext
structure
for
supporting
the
documentation
required
during
a
software
reverse
engineering
process
.
@
Based
on
a
survey
on
the
desired
requirements
in
a
hyperdocument
,
which
should
have
the
ability
to
support
reverse
engineering
documents
,
we
defined
a
set
of
links
and
node
structures
.
@
The
requirements
for
such
hyperdocument
were
investigated
in
an
experiment
:
the
self-documentation
of
the
system
SASHE
,
which
already
treats
nested
contexts
and
has
other
educational
characteristics
.
@
The
reverse
engineering
process
was
developed
based
on
the
Fusion-RE
/
I
method
,
and
the
resulting
products
were
inserted
in
a
hyperbase
in
the
system
SASHE
.
@
$
This
dissertation
discusses
a
procedure
to
help
the
first
step
of
the
FUSION-RE
/
I
reverse
engineering
method
-
acquisition
of
system
information
.
@
This
procedure
comprises
a
process
to
create
a
knowledge
base
(
IPAIA
Knowledge
Acquisition
Process
applied
to
reverse
engineering
domain
)
and
guidelines
for
using
this
knowledge
base
to
construct
functional
visions
of
the
system
.
@
$
Dependable
object
­
oriented
software
should
incorporate
exception
handling
activities
in
order
to
behave
suitably
in
a
great
number
of
situations
even
in
the
presence
of
errors
.
@
In
this
context
,
an
exception
handling
mechanism
is
fundamental
to
detect
and
retrieve
errors
,
and
to
activate
suitable
measures
to
restore
the
normal
activity
of
the
system
.
@
The
development
of
an
exception
handling
mechanism
is
not
a
trivial
task
,
especially
when
concurrence
is
one
of
the
characteristics
of
the
software
system
.
@
The
main
aims
of
this
dissertation
are
the
design
and
implementation
of
an
exception
handling
mechanism
for
developing
dependable
object
­
oriented
software
.
@
In
order
to
build
the
proposed
mechanism
,
we
apply
techniques
of
software
structuring
,
such
as
computational
reflection
and
design
patterns
.
@
Two
contributions
are
considered
fundamental
.
@
The
first
,
characterized
by
technical
aspects
and
practical
uses
,
is
the
design
and
implementation
of
an
exception
handling
mechanism
using
Java
language
and
a
reflective
software
architecture
called
Guaraná
.
@
The
proposed
mechanism
especially
supports
concurrent
exception
handling
.
@
The
second
contribution
,
characterized
by
abstract
aspects
and
an
innovative
approach
,
is
the
definition
of
a
reflective
software
architecture
and
of
a
set
of
related
design
patterns
for
implementing
exception
handling
mechanisms
.
@
$
This
dissertation
proposes
a
new
object-oriented
method
to
support
the
design
and
structured
development
of
hypermedia
applications
called
HMBS
/
M.
@
HMBS
/
M
has
as
its
main
feature
the
use
of
HMBS
(
Hypertext
Model
Based
on
Statecharts
)
that
utilizes
as
an
underlying
formal
model
the
Statecharts
technique
to
specify
the
organizational
structure
and
the
browsing
semantics
of
a
hypermedia
application
.
@
We
present
the
four
phases
that
make
up
the
method
(
conceptual
design
,
navigational
design
,
interface
design
and
implementation
).
@
In
each
phase
of
the
method
models
are
built
so
that
they
can
be
improved
and
expanded
in
the
next
phase
,
allowing
an
interactive
development
.
@
We
discuss
three
implementation
options
for
a
hypermedia
application
specified
by
HMBS
/
M
:
interpreted
,
translated
and
freely
translated
,
emphasizing
the
first
two
,
which
are
implemented
using
a
tool
that
supports
HMBS
,
the
HyScharts
,
and
using
the
WWW
environment
(
HTML
standard
).
@
A
case
study
based
on
the
graduate
and
undergraduate
course
catalogs
of
the
Institute
of
Mathematical
Sciences
and
Computing
of
the
University
of
São
Paulo
is
presented
to
illustrate
and
validate
HMBS
/
M.
@
$
The
dynamics
and
flexibility
of
Web
site
authoring
,
on
the
one
hand
,
popularize
the
Internet
use
increasingly
,
but
,
on
the
other
hand
,
they
lead
easily
to
inconsistent
information
.
@
A
wrong
definition
of
a
hyperlink
is
enough
to
make
users
come
across
with
inconsistency
and
get
&
quot
;
lost
&
quot
;.
@
A
common
procedure
used
in
site
development
is
the
reuse
of
link
components
,
either
because
there
is
,
in
the
same
source
page
,
more
than
one
link
,
or
the
same
link
label
in
different
pages
,
or
because
there
are
several
links
directed
to
the
same
destination
page
.
@
As
a
site
,
in
general
,
contains
a
great
amount
of
links
,
this
makes
a
manual
verification
of
links
reusability
unviable
.
@
The
tool
DB-LiOS
was
developed
aiming
at
automating
the
assessment
of
reusability
of
website
links
,
through
links
extraction
and
classification
processes
.
@
Using
DB-LiOS
,
website
authors
can
get
an
effective
aid
to
evaluate
the
consistency
of
their
links
.
@
$
This
dissertation
discusses
the
Educational
Hyperdocuments
Design
Method
,
or
EHDM
,
which
provides
a
systematic
approach
to
support
the
design
and
development
of
educational
hypermedia
applications
.
@
It
uses
the
Michener's
model
and
the
technique
of
concept
mapping
for
modeling
the
knowledge
domain
.
@
We
discuss
the
three
phases
that
make
up
the
method
-
hierarchical
conceptual
modeling
,
contextual
navigational
design
and
construction
and
test
.
@
The
Educational
Hyperdocuments
Development
Tool
(
EHDT
)
was
implemented
to
assist
the
development
of
educational
hyperdocuments
for
the
system
SASHE
.
@
This
tool
uses
the
EHDM
as
a
methodological
base
.
@
It
also
provides
mechanisms
to
facilitate
fast
feedback
loops
between
method
phases
and
support
bottom-up
and
top-down
approaches
.
@
$
This
dissertation
proposes
an
environment
called
SIATE
(
Sistema
Inteligente
de
Apoio
ao
Treinamento
e
Ensino
),
which
integrates
features
from
Hypermedia
,
Knowledge
Based
Systems
,
Tutoring
Systems
,
and
Case
Based
Reasoning
.
@
This
environment
is
directed
to
teaching
and
has
as
an
outstanding
feature
the
freedom
students
have
to
explore
any
domain
.
@
When
necessary
,
they
can
turn
to
a
Tutoring
System
and
to
a
Knowledge
Hybrid
System
with
expert
knowledge
in
that
domain
.
@
We
emphasize
the
project
and
the
development
of
a
Tutoring
System
which
provides
pedagogical
support
to
SIATE
,
as
well
as
the
development
of
the
hypermedia
resources
of
this
environment
.
@
$
This
dissertation
discusses
a
tool
prototype
,
the
Html2Hip
,
that
provides
an
importation
and
adaptation
environment
of
documents
described
in
HTML
(
HyperText
Markup
Language
)
for
the
internal
representation
of
SASHE
(
Hypermedia
System
for
Authorship
and
Supporting
Educational
Applications
),
which
is
based
on
the
structural
organization
of
multimedia
objects
proposed
by
MCA
(
Nested
Contexts
Model
).
@
Moreover
,
this
research
extended
the
capacity
of
the
information
text
node
editor
of
the
previous
prototype
concerning
the
processing
of
text-files
described
in
RTF
(
Rich
Text
Format
).
@
Thus
,
the
SASHE
became
able
to
process
and
organize
instructional
materials
prepared
in
its
own
environment
,
in
the
WWW
(
World-Wide
Web
)
environment
,
as
well
as
in
ordinary
word
processors
.
@
$
The
experience
with
authoring
multimedia
material
for
educational
purposes
shows
a
major
problem
:
how
to
provide
an
easy
and
efficient
way
to
handle
multimedia
objects
so
that
non
­
expert
users
(
namely
school
teachers
)
can
be
able
to
design
and
build
their
own
presentations
?
@
A
basic
infrastructure
which
stores
and
efficiently
delivers
the
video
data
is
necessary
.
@
However
,
another
important
point
is
the
organization
of
these
data
stored
into
the
server
in
a
way
that
facilitates
their
access
by
users
.
@
In
this
dissertation
,
this
is
achieved
through
the
use
of
an
interactive
information
management
and
retrieval
system
designed
to
facilitate
the
access
to
items
(
or
parts
of
the
items
)
stored
in
the
server
.
@
The
main
characteristic
of
the
system
is
the
use
of
a
metadata
base
which
contains
attributes
of
the
videos
stored
in
the
server
.
@
Searches
can
be
made
by
title
,
subject
,
length
,
author
,
content
or
,
most
important
in
the
case
of
didactic
multimedia
material
,
by
a
specific
scene
or
frame
.
@
The
system
was
built
according
to
a
client
server
approach
using
JAVA
programming
language
.
@
The
communication
between
clients
and
servers
is
established
through
the
use
of
the
Visibroker
3.0
,
which
is
a
Distributed
Objects
programming
tool
in
accordance
with
the
CORBA
standard
.
@
Access
to
data
from
the
metadata
base
uses
a
PostgreSQL
driver
which
follows
the
JDBC
API
.
@
For
evaluation
purposes
,
a
playback
tool
was
built
using
Java
Media
Framework
(
JMF
).
@
We
carried
out
an
analysis
to
verify
the
impact
of
the
utilization
of
CORBA
and
JDBC
technologies
on
the
system
.
@
We
detected
that
the
use
of
JDBC
technology
imposes
a
much
more
significant
delay
than
the
use
of
CORBA
technology
.
@
Another
conclusion
is
that
metadata
utilization
provides
better
interactivity
in
searches
,
making
the
editing
process
faster
,
and
saves
storage
space
sharing
objects
like
videos
,
scenes
and
frames
.
@
$
Based
on
the
analysis
of
several
studies
on
educational
hypermedia
authoring
systems
,
this
dissertation
proposes
a
new
set
of
requirements
which
aims
at
supporting
both
the
requirements
engineering
and
the
evaluation
stages
in
the
development
process
of
a
system
belonging
to
this
domain
.
@
In
general
,
we
propose
a
set
of
requirements
which
favors
the
needs
of
both
the
educational
context
and
the
environments
of
hypermedia
authoring
.
@
These
requirements
were
used
in
the
evaluation
of
SASHE
,
and
the
results
obtained
show
the
effectiveness
of
this
proposal
and
,
simultaneously
,
the
quality
of
the
system
implementation
.
@
$
In
a
computational
world
in
constant
evolution
,
the
Web
is
an
example
of
an
environment
where
information
evolves
very
rapidly
.
@
In
addition
to
Web
information
that
changes
very
frequently
,
developers
face
hard
work
when
many
people
are
involved
in
the
parallel
development
of
a
set
of
related
Web
pages
.
@
In
the
face
of
such
problems
,
this
dissertation
proposes
the
tool
VersionWeb
.
@
The
main
goals
were
to
provide
developers
with
page
versions
during
browsing
and
with
an
easy
way
of
controlling
Web
page
versions
through
the
Web
itself
.
@
$
Many
of
the
current
computational
systems
dedicated
to
support
teaching
and
learning
can
be
considered
part
of
an
evolution
that
has
emphasized
the
exploration
of
hypermedia
systems
in
general
and
the
World
Wide
Web
in
particular
.
@
The
research
associated
to
the
study
reported
here
aims
at
exploring
the
technologies
of
hypermedia
and
Computer
Supported
Cooperative
Work
(
CSCW
)
in
an
environment
that
supports
a
collaborative
access
of
students
to
hyperdocuments
-
the
StudyConf
environment
.
@
In
order
to
promote
interaction
among
students
that
navigate
on
the
same
hyperdocuments
,
StudyConf
controls
their
navigation
and
generates
dynamic
discussion
sessions
with
the
students
that
visit
the
same
material
.
@
StudyConf
registers
the
discussions
as
structured
hyperdocuments
,
which
can
be
used
to
explore
proposals
regarding
the
collaborative
authoring
of
contents
present
in
several
Computer
Supported
Cooperative
Learning
(
CSCL
)
tools
.
@
The
study
reported
here
has
also
contributed
to
the
proposal
of
a
technique
aimed
at
guiding
the
development
of
general
web-based
hypermedia
applications
.
@
$
The
SMmD
Project
-
Distributed
Multimedia
Systems
-
investigates
the
building
of
a
middleware
infrastructure
for
multimedia
interactive
applications
in
heterogeneous
distributed
environments
.
@
For
this
purpose
,
we
developed
the
SMmD
Environment
(
ASMmD
),
which
includes
modules
for
storage
and
retrieval
of
media
objects
such
as
audio
and
video
,
as
well
as
modules
for
authoring
,
storing
and
delivering
multimedia
objects
according
to
the
MHEG-5
ISO
standard
.
@
This
dissertation
describes
the
study
related
to
the
implementation
of
the
Presentation
and
Synchronization
Module
(
MAS
)
of
the
SMmD
Project
.
@
This
module
was
built
integrated
to
another
module
,
the
Java
MHEG-5
Engine
(
JHEG
),
that
provides
the
parsing
and
decoding
of
multimedia
objects
according
to
that
ISO
standard
.
@
Initially
we
present
the
context
,
motivation
and
objectives
which
lead
to
this
study
.
@
Next
we
do
a
literature
review
of
concepts
related
to
multimedia
presentation
,
emphasizing
the
aspects
related
to
the
synchronization
of
its
components
.
@
Then
we
discuss
the
MHEG-5
standard
along
with
other
standards
and
recommendations
relevant
to
the
context
of
this
study
.
@
In
order
to
contextualize
the
study
,
we
present
an
overview
of
the
modules
that
make
up
the
SMmD
Environment
,
followed
by
a
description
of
the
investigation
and
implementation
of
the
SyncEvent
Applet
,
the
embryo
of
the
Presentation
and
Synchronization
Module
.
@
The
main
result
of
this
study
,
the
Presentation
and
Synchronization
Module
(
MAS
),
is
described
detailing
aspects
of
its
architecture
and
implementation
.
@
Finally
,
in
the
conclusion
,
we
discuss
the
contributions
of
the
study
together
with
its
limitations
and
future
related
research
,
which
includes
integrating
the
MAS
with
the
remaining
modules
of
the
SMmD
project
.
@
$
Gearing
the
development
of
applications
to
the
Web
is
a
challenge
to
researchers
in
the
field
of
Hypermedia
.
@
This
dissertation
focuses
on
supporting
the
development
of
applications
which
concern
the
interchange
of
documents
with
the
use
of
XML
3
/
4
Extensible
MarkUp
Language
.
@
We
discuss
the
xRot
,
a
set
of
directions
towards
the
guiding
of
the
phases
of
definition
,
generation
and
presentation
of
structured
documents
manipulated
by
Internet-based
applications
.
@
This
set
of
directions
includes
an
algorithm
for
the
generation
of
XML
documents
in
an
environment
supported
by
database
and
Web
servers
.
@
ArgGDE
,
an
architecture
that
supports
applications
developed
with
xRot
,
is
also
discussed
.
@
As
case
studies
of
the
use
of
xRot
,
we
developed
two
applications
:
AulaML
and
C2000ML
.
@
$
Natural
Language
Processing
(
NLP
)
applications
,
such
as
speller
and
grammar
checkers
and
translation
systems
,
need
to
search
very
large
dictionaries
which
contain
morphosyntactic
and
/
or
semantic
information
of
several
hundreds
of
thousands
of
words
of
a
given
language
.
@
Finite
Automata
are
often
used
in
efficient
scanners
for
compilers
and
are
also
good
candidates
for
representing
dictionaries
.
@
This
research
has
investigated
methods
for
representing
dictionaries
using
finite
automata
,
techniques
for
minimizing
acyclic
deterministic
finite
automaton
,
and
adequate
data
structures
for
a
compact
representation
.
@
The
resulting
system
is
able
to
represent
a
dictionary
of
430,000
Brazilian
Portuguese
words
in
a
220Kb
automaton
,
by
using
a
standard
home
computer
and
spending
less
than
five
minutes
.
@
$
POS
tagging
is
a
basic
,
well-known
and
largely
explored
natural
language
processing
task
used
in
several
applications
such
as
parsing
and
information
retrieval
.
@
The
taggers
for
English
have
achieved
a
state
of
the
art
accuracy
of
96-99
%.
@
Unlike
the
case
of
English
,
for
Brazilian
Portuguese
neither
all
tagging
techniques
have
been
explored
yet
,
nor
have
they
achieved
the
precision
of
the
best
taggers
for
English
.
@
With
this
motivation
,
we
trained
four
taggers
available
on
the
WWW
,
namely
Unigram
(
Treetagger
),
N-gram
(
Treetagger
),
transformation-based
(
TBL
)
and
Maximum-Entropy
tagging
(
MXPOST
),
and
designed
a
symbolic
tagger
,
named
PoSiTagger
.
@
All
adapted
taggers
were
trained
with
a
corpus
of
about
100,000
words
composed
of
didactic
,
journalistic
,
and
literary
texts
,
and
tagged
with
the
Nilc
tagset
.
@
MXPOST
displayed
the
best
accuracy
(
89.66
%).
@
Fourteen
methods
of
combination
were
used
,
seven
of
which
have
surpassed
MXPOST
accuracy
.
@
The
best
result
from
the
combination
strategy
was
90,91
%.
@
The
general
accuracy
suffered
the
influence
of
the
size
of
the
manually
tagged
corpus
available
for
training
,
of
the
tagset
,
and
of
the
types
of
texts
employed
.
@
$
The
construction
of
tools
for
automatic
correction
of
texts
has
been
emphasized
,
following
the
evolution
and
efficiency
of
the
text
processors
in
which
they
are
incorporated
.
@
And
,
besides
the
traditional
symbolist
techniques
for
implementing
such
tools
,
using
production
rules
,
there
are
applications
which
employ
techniques
that
are
unusual
in
the
field
of
computational
linguistics
so
far
,
as
the
use
of
Artificial
Neural
Networks
.
@
The
study
proposed
aims
at
conducting
a
comparative
study
of
the
use
of
the
conexionist
and
symobolist
techniques
in
the
automatic
checking
of
grammar
mistakes
in
Portuguese
.
@
Using
as
a
case
study
the
grammar
rules
for
&
quot
;
crase
&
quot
;,
we
take
as
an
example
of
the
traditional
form
of
implementation
the
grammar
checker
ReGra
,
and
,
on
the
other
hand
,
we
implement
two
models
of
neural
networks
(
backpropagation
and
Elman
),
in
order
to
detect
mistakes
related
to
the
use
of
&
quot
;
crase
&
quot
;
in
cases
of
incorrect
presence
and
of
absence
.
@
The
goal
of
this
study
is
not
pointing
out
which
method
is
the
most
efficient
in
general
terms
,
because
we
believe
this
is
not
possible
.
@
We
intend
to
observe
the
performance
of
both
methods
concerning
the
given
problem
,
aiming
at
a
stronger
integration
between
them
,
taking
advantage
of
their
best
potentialities
.
@
$
Today
English
is
the
dominant
language
in
the
writing
and
publishing
of
scientific
research
in
the
form
of
scientific
articles
.
@
However
,
many
non-natives
users
of
English
suffer
the
interference
of
their
mother
tongues
when
writing
scientific
papers
in
English
.
@
These
users
face
problems
concerning
rules
of
grammar
and
style
,
and
/
or
feel
unable
to
generate
standard
expressions
and
clauses
,
and
the
longer
linguistic
compositions
which
are
conventional
in
this
genre
.
@
In
order
to
ease
these
users
'
problems
,
we
developed
a
learning
environment
for
scientific
writing
named
AMADEUS
(
Amiable
Article
Development
for
User
Support
).
@
AMADEUS
consists
of
several
interrelated
tools
-
reference
,
support
,
critic
and
tutoring
tools
-
and
provides
the
context
in
which
this
dissertation
is
inserted
.
@
The
main
goal
of
this
research
is
to
implement
AMADEUS
as
an
agent-based
architecture
with
collaborative
agents
communicating
with
a
special
agent
embodying
a
dynamic
user
model
.
@
In
order
to
do
that
we
introduce
the
concept
of
adaptivity
in
computer
systems
and
describe
several
user
model
shells
.
@
We
also
provide
details
about
intelligent
agents
which
were
used
to
implement
the
user
model
for
the
AMADEUS
environment
.
@
$
This
dissertation
proposes
a
tool
that
helps
the
generation
of
texts
by
writers
who
use
computer
systems
.
@
It
is
the
Verifica
,
a
system
to
check
and
give
advice
on
spelling
in
Portuguese
.
@
This
spell
­
checker
is
available
in
a
textual
user
interface
and
in
a
graphical
user
interface
.
@
The
graphical
interface
was
implemented
using
the
Tcl
/
Tk
toolkit
,
a
programming
system
for
developing
and
using
graphical
user
interface
applications
.
@
Verifica
is
also
available
on
­
line
at
http://www.dcc.ufmg/verifica.
@
The
system
tests
the
occurrence
of
input
words
in
a
Portuguese
language
vocabulary
stored
in
an
acyclic
deterministic
finite
automaton
.
@
An
automaton
is
an
efficient
data
structure
for
lexicon
storage
because
it
provides
a
compact
vocabulary
representation
besides
an
efficient
access
time
.
@
Since
a
traditional
spell
­
checker
has
some
deficiencies
,
we
studied
a
way
to
refine
the
orthographic
analyses
by
looking
also
at
the
phrase
structure
.
@
So
,
we
implemented
an
algorithm
that
attributes
syntactic
categorization
to
Portuguese
words
.
@
This
is
the
first
component
of
a
syntactic
analyzer
for
Portuguese
according
to
a
new
approach
,
the
functional
approach
,
which
is
lexicon
independent
.
@
We
concluded
that
this
new
approach
is
viable
and
that
we
can
analyze
phrases
in
a
larger
context
.
@
Besides
,
the
component
that
was
developed
may
be
used
in
a
syntactic
analyzer
implementation
for
Portuguese
language
,
which
later
can
be
part
of
Verifica
.
@
$
The
use
of
Hypermidia
resources
and
Artificial
Intelligence
techniques
in
teaching
and
learning
environments
offers
a
better
presentation
of
information
to
users
and
provides
better
results
by
allowing
the
system
to
&
quot
;
reason
&
quot
;
about
what
and
how
to
present
effective
teaching
,
encouraging
the
student
to
learn
.
@
Thus
,
we
propose
an
architecture
called
SIATE
-
Intelligent
System
for
Training
and
Teaching
-
as
part
of
a
much
larger
project
.
@
This
architecture
integrates
characteristics
from
Knowlegde
Based
Systems
,
Tutoring
Systems
,
Case
Based
Reasoning
,
Hypermidia
and
Simulation
,
enriching
an
exploratory
teaching
environment
with
expert
knowledge
about
the
domain
,
and
also
improving
the
student
learning
experience
.
@
This
research
,
part
of
the
domain
of
Knowledge
Acquisition
in
SIATE
,
corresponds
to
the
design
and
implementation
of
a
Hybrid
Knowledge
System
.
@
This
system
contains
specialized
knowledge
about
the
application
domain
which
is
used
to
generate
scripts
for
pages
in
a
hyperdocument
and
support
the
training
tool
in
SIATE
.
@
$
Tasks
involving
Pattern
Recognition
are
becoming
more
frequent
in
many
applications
.
@
Most
of
these
tasks
have
been
efficiently
handled
by
Artificial
Neural
Networks
.
@
Among
the
most
widespread
models
of
Neural
Networks
the
MLP
(
Multi-Layer
Perceptron
)
stands
out
.
@
However
,
the
performance
of
a
MLP
Neural
Network
in
a
certain
problem
depends
directly
on
the
topology
adopted
,
which
must
be
determined
in
the
beginning
of
the
training
process
.
@
The
choice
of
a
Neural
Network
topology
is
not
trivial
,
and
usually
becomes
an
exhaustive
search
for
the
most
appropriate
configuration
.
@
Several
methods
have
been
developed
to
automatically
find
a
suitable
Neural
Network
topology
,
including
Constructive
Neural
Networks
.
@
These
networks
are
trained
by
Constructive
Algorithms
which
,
starting
from
a
minimal
topology
,
gradually
insert
new
neurons
and
connections
,
aiming
at
improving
the
network
performance
.
@
Nevertheless
,
the
evaluation
of
the
best
use
of
such
algorithms
in
a
given
task
depends
on
the
homogeneity
of
the
training
environment
.
@
This
dissertation
provides
the
definition
of
a
set
of
abstract
classes
which
allow
different
training
algorithms
,
including
Constructive
Algorithms
,
to
be
built
as
components
with
strictly
defined
access
to
be
used
in
different
applications
.
@
By
using
these
components
in
a
new
version
of
the
Kipu
Neural
Network
Simulator
,
we
began
to
analyze
the
efficiency
of
Constructive
Neural
Networks
in
real
Pattern
Recognition
tasks
.
@
$
This
thesis
considers
the
problem
of
writing
scientific
papers
in
English
as
a
foreign
language
.
@
From
the
theoretical
point
of
view
,
techniques
from
two
areas
of
Artificial
Intelligence
,
namely
Computational
Linguistics
and
Case-based
Reasoning
,
were
investigated
in
the
search
for
possible
solutions
to
minimize
mother
tongue
interference
and
lack
of
cohesion
and
coherence
in
students
texts
,
especially
in
experimental
physics
.
@
Two
writing
tools
were
then
developed
.
@
The
first
one
,
named
Reference
Version
,
employed
corpus
analysis
for
creating
a
sentences
base
containing
collocations
frequently
used
in
scientific
writing
.
@
Such
collocations
could
be
accessed
in
one
of
three
ways
:
according
to
the
components
and
component
parts
of
the
schematic
structure
of
a
scientific
paper
,
by
searching
keywords
and
communicative
goals
.
@
An
acquisition
mode
was
also
implemented
so
that
the
tool
can
be
customized
easily
thus
allowing
portability
to
other
domains
and
possible
extensions
within
a
given
domain
.
@
Experiments
in
a
technical
writing
course
at
IFQSC-USP
for
graduate
students
have
demonstrated
the
efficacy
of
the
tool
.
@
It
was
particularly
useful
in
helping
students
to
overcome
the
initial
block
in
the
preparation
of
a
first
draft
and
also
in
providing
contextual
linguistic
input
for
producing
a
cohesive
text
.
@
It
was
also
observed
that
this
first
tool
was
only
helpful
for
students
possessing
reasonable
reception
of
the
English
language
and
some
experience
in
scientific
writing
.
@
A
new
,
more
sophisticated
tool
was
then
proposed
and
implemented
.
@
It
is
named
Support
Version
and
utilizes
corpus
analysis
and
the
case-based
approach
as
a
framework
for
modeling
the
different
stages
of
the
writing
process
.
@
Because
a
more
detailed
analysis
had
to
be
performed
,
the
tool
was
restricted
to
the
Introductory
Section
of
papers
on
experimental
physics
.
@
In
this
analysis
30
rhetorical
strategies
were
identified
which
were
generally
performed
linguistically
using
3
or
4
rhetorical
messages
from
a
set
of
45
types
of
message
.
@
The
implemented
cases
base
has
54
introductions
from
the
Physical
Review
Letters
and
Thin
Solid
Films
journals
,
which
has
been
shown
to
be
a
far
too
small
number
for
reasonable
recall
and
precision
figures
to
be
obtained
.
@
A
scheme
has
been
incorporated
into
the
tool
for
adaptations
to
be
made
in
the
cases
recovered
,
by
making
use
of
revision
rules
.
@
In
future
the
tool
may
be
extended
in
a
straightforward
way
to
other
parts
of
a
scientific
paper
or
to
other
areas
of
research
with
a
semi-automatic
edition
process
of
new
cases
that
has
been
built
into
the
Support
tool
.
@
This
certainly
opens
the
way
for
customization
which
will
greatly
facilitate
the
assessment
of
the
tool
according
to
usability
criteria
.
@
$
In
this
dissertation
,
we
study
a
combinatorial
optimization
problem
called
the
Clustered
Knapsack
Problem
,
which
is
an
extension
of
the
standard
Knapsack
Problem
.
@
The
problem
is
to
determine
the
right
capacity
of
several
clusters
which
can
be
allocated
in
a
knapsack
and
how
these
clusters
should
be
placed
so
as
to
respect
constraints
on
the
capacity
of
clusters
and
of
the
knapsack
itself
.
@
The
objective
is
to
maximize
a
total
utility
value
.
@
The
problem
has
seldom
been
studied
in
the
literature
,
even
though
it
appears
naturally
in
practical
applications
.
@
In
this
study
,
we
propose
a
non-linear
model
for
the
problem
and
checked
some
heuristics
for
its
resolution
.
@
$
The
current
trend
in
hypermedia
systems
design
is
the
development
of
open
,
extensible
and
distributed
multi-user
systems
.
@
In
the
last
years
,
some
Open
Hypermedia
Systems
(
OHS
)
architectures
have
been
discussed
in
literature
.
@
Formal
techniques
are
becoming
a
useful
tool
for
the
specification
of
hypermedia
applications
(
and
also
OHS
applications
).
@
Adequate
formal
models
can
offer
systematic
and
reliable
approaches
to
analyze
and
verify
the
structural
and
dynamic
properties
of
this
kind
of
applications
.
@
This
project
for
a
master's
degree
aims
at
developing
a
formal
model
for
hyperdocuments
(
hypermedia
applications
)
supported
by
OHS
.
@
This
formal
model
should
consider
OHS
applications
features
such
as
the
distinction
in
a
hyperdocument
between
content
aspects
and
structure
aspects
on
the
one
hand
,
and
storage
aspects
and
runtime
on
the
other
hand
.
@
A
formal
technique
that
satisfies
the
required
features
of
OHS
applications
will
be
used
to
specify
the
formal
model
.
@
$
The
improvement
of
systematic
techniques
and
methods
made
up
to
support
the
development
of
computational
systems
has
brought
as
its
main
advantage
the
production
of
high
quality
and
low
cost
softwares
.
@
As
in
the
development
of
commercial
softwares
,
the
development
of
hypermedia
applications
experienced
significant
alterations
and
constant
evolution
.
@
Today
authoring
systems
for
hypermedia
applications
provide
,
for
example
,
conditions
for
a
previously
specified
application
to
be
effectively
implemented
later
.
@
However
,
it
is
necessary
that
they
have
some
attributes
to
provide
facilities
and
to
motivate
users
.
@
In
general
,
this
dissertation
is
about
the
evaluation
of
the
implementation
of
a
desirable
requirement
set
of
an
authoring
system
called
SASHE
(
Hypermedia
System
for
Authoring
and
Supporting
Educational
Applications
).
@
Requirements
of
particular
users
of
this
system
will
also
be
considered
.
@
The
evaluation
will
be
carried
out
experimentally
and
will
answer
questions
about
the
real
conditions
of
the
system's
authoring
module
.
@
$
This
dissertation
proposes
a
linguistic
modeling
of
lexical
items
of
Brazilian
Portuguese
,
a
relational
modeling
and
its
implementation
in
the
form
of
a
Lexical
Database
.
@
The
resulting
NLP
resource
favors
the
standardization
,
centralization
,
and
reuse
of
data
,
aiming
at
facilitating
one
of
the
most
difficult
stages
in
the
development
process
:
the
linguistic
knowledge
acquisition
.
@
$
This
project
seeks
to
construct
a
prototype
of
an
automatic
summarizer
to
investigate
the
textual
planning
according
to
the
approach
proposed
by
Rino
(
1996
).
@
The
main
part
of
the
research
consists
of
the
study
of
the
model
of
fundamental
discourse
for
automatic
summarization
and
of
the
implementation
of
planning
strategies
,
expressed
by
plan
operators
whose
selection
is
driven
by
communicative
objectives
.
@
To
complement
the
prototype
,
a
linguistic
realizer
will
be
associated
to
the
textual
planner
in
order
to
produce
the
text
from
its
structural
plan
.
@
The
fundamental
study
also
includes
the
verification
of
summarization
techniques
,
investigations
in
the
area
of
text
generation
and
the
search
for
approaches
that
can
evaluate
the
results
obtained
.
@
$
This
dissertation
discusses
the
project
of
a
parallel
machine
dedicated
to
solving
linear
systems
.
@
This
is
a
problem
that
appears
in
a
great
variety
of
scientific
and
engineering
applications
whose
solution
becomes
a
computationally
intensive
task
as
the
number
of
unknown
variables
increases
.
@
We
implemented
a
Systolic
Architecture
,
connected
in
a
ring
topology
,
which
maps
iterative
solution
methods
.
@
This
class
of
parallel
architectures
has
characteristics
of
simplicity
,
regularity
and
modularity
that
facilitate
hardware
implementations
,
and
it
is
largely
employed
in
dedicated
computation
systems
to
solve
specific
problems
,
which
possess
as
requirements
a
great
computational
demand
and
the
need
for
real-time
response
.
@
We
adopted
advanced
methodologies
and
tools
for
hardware
project
to
accelerate
the
development
cycle
.
@
The
architecture
has
been
implemented
and
verified
on
FPGAs
(
Field
Programmable
Gate
Arrays
).
@
The
performance
results
are
presented
and
discussed
,
indicating
the
feasibility
and
efficiency
of
the
adopted
approach
and
methodology
for
this
kind
of
problem
.
@
$
This
MSc
dissertation
discusses
an
extension
of
the
ASiA
(
Ambiente
de
Simulação
Automático
)
for
computer
architecture
simulation
named
Architecture
Module
.
@
This
module
allows
the
use
of
previously
defined
architectures
(
with
possible
alteration
of
parameters
)
or
new
architecture
models
using
specific
tools
for
computer
architecture
simulation
.
@
Two
examples
show
the
utilization
of
the
Architecture
Module
highlighting
its
advantages
as
both
a
teaching
and
a
research
tool
.
@
This
dissertation
also
discusses
some
improvements
in
the
ASiA
with
the
aim
of
making
it
more
user-friendly
and
flexible
.
@
We
also
carried
out
a
literature
review
of
subjects
related
to
the
general
theme
.
@
$
Distributed
computing
systems
applied
to
parallel
computing
allow
cost-effective
parallel
programming
.
@
These
systems
offer
an
adequate
computing
power
to
the
applications
which
do
not
require
a
massively
parallel
architecture
,
but
need
a
computing
power
not
available
in
sequential
computers
.
@
PVM
(
Parallel
Virtual
Machine
)
and
MPI
(
Message
Passing
Interface
)
are
examples
of
parallel
virtual
environments
widely
discussed
in
the
literature
.
@
Concerning
the
widespread
use
of
these
environments
,
both
in
academic
and
commercial
and
industrial
applications
,
it
becomes
interesting
to
develop
a
tool
to
support
the
development
of
programs
for
such
environments
.
@
There
are
few
tools
such
as
that
available
in
the
literature
.
@
FAPP
is
one
of
these
tools
and
it
can
be
extended
to
support
parallel
virtual
environments
.
@
In
this
context
,
this
dissertation
addresses
the
extension
of
the
FAPP
in
order
to
produce
PVM
and
MPI
source
code
.
@
This
extension
can
help
a
large
number
of
users
to
develop
parallel
programs
either
by
giving
support
for
beginners
or
by
increasing
the
productivity
of
experienced
parallel
programmers
,
besides
helping
in
the
maintenance
phase
.
@
We
carried
out
studies
aiming
at
validating
and
assessing
the
tool
.
@
The
results
obtained
show
that
the
tool
has
a
stable
behavior
and
potential
to
be
easily
used
in
both
PVM
and
MPI
environments
.
@
$
The
MPI
is
an
attempt
of
standardization
for
message
­
passing
programming
environments
aiming
at
high
portability
and
efficiency
in
any
platform
.
@
The
requirement
of
high
portability
without
loss
of
efficiency
makes
the
MPI
an
extensive
standard
.
@
Point
­
to
­
point
communication
routines
,
for
instance
,
are
structured
in
many
ways
,
issuing
different
performances
.
@
This
dissertation
aims
at
studying
the
performance
of
MPI
point
­
to
­
point
communication
routines
in
a
personal
computer
network
running
LINUX
operating
system
in
order
to
evaluate
the
cost-effectiveness
of
each
routine
objectively
.
@
This
evaluation
is
performed
through
the
execution
of
benchmarks
and
of
an
application
example
,
executed
on
three
MPI
public
domain
implementations
(
MPICH
,
LAM
and
UNIFY
),
allowing
a
comparison
between
implementations
.
@
Results
obtained
from
PVM
are
also
included
and
compared
to
those
from
MPI
,
since
PVM
is
widely
used
by
the
computational
community
.
@
A
clear
and
concise
presentation
of
the
fundamental
issues
of
different
MPI
communication
modes
available
on
different
MPI
implementations
,
together
with
the
performance
evaluation
developed
,
which
is
able
to
guide
the
final
user
in
his
/
her
choice
of
a
given
MPI
implementation
,
as
well
as
the
communication
mode
suitable
to
his
/
her
application
are
important
contributions
of
this
dissertation
.
@
$
This
MSc
dissertation
describes
the
implementation
of
a
computer
network
simulation
module
for
ASiA
(
an
Automatic
Simulation
Environment
).
@
This
module
allows
the
user
to
simulate
previously
defined
computer
networks
(
with
possible
alteration
of
parameters
)
or
to
define
new
computer
networks
using
the
toolbar
resources
.
@
New
resources
were
added
to
the
toolbar
in
order
to
expand
the
range
of
systems
that
can
be
modeled
,
allowing
the
study
of
more
complex
systems
.
@
This
dissertation
also
discusses
a
literature
review
about
simulation
,
computer
networks
and
simulation
environments
.
@
$
The
component
with
the
worst
performance
usually
limits
the
overall
performance
of
a
computing
system
.
@
The
performance
of
processors
and
main
memory
has
improved
faster
than
that
of
secondary
memory
such
as
magnetic
disks
.
@
In
1984
,
Johnson
introduced
the
concept
of
fragmentation
,
in
which
a
data
file
is
written
into
a
disk
array
in
a
way
that
its
stripes
can
be
retrieved
in
parallel
and
,
therefore
,
more
quickly
.
@
The
main
problem
with
fragmentation
is
the
reduction
of
reliability
,
for
failure
in
one
of
the
disks
make
data
inaccessible
.
@
Patterson
,
Gibson
and
Katz
proposed
,
in
1988
,
five
ways
to
store
redundant
information
in
the
array
,
increasing
its
reliability
.
@
These
forms
were
called
RAID
-
Redundant
Arrays
of
Independent
Disks
.
@
Some
other
ways
to
store
redundant
information
have
been
proposed
over
the
years
,
making
the
RAID
taxonomy
more
complex
.
@
Furthermore
,
changes
in
the
array
parameters
take
to
performance
variations
that
are
not
always
understood
.
@
With
the
purpose
of
facilitating
taxonomy
comprehension
and
allowing
the
execution
of
experiments
in
the
array
seeking
to
improve
performance
,
this
MSc
dissertation
proposes
an
Intelligent
Simulation
and
Learning
Environment
for
RAID
,
where
the
user
can
interact
with
several
RAID
models
,
or
even
create
his
/
her
own
models
,
in
order
to
evaluate
their
performance
in
different
situations
.
@
The
environment
also
allows
the
user
to
interact
with
the
field
knowledge
,
acting
as
a
tutor
.
@
This
dissertation
also
discusses
a
prototype
of
a
magnetic
disk
simulator
that
can
be
used
as
a
kernel
for
the
development
of
a
RAID
simulator
to
be
used
by
the
environment
.
@
$
This
dissertation
discusses
a
tool
to
support
the
development
of
RPC
­
based
distributed
applications
in
the
Windows
95
environment
.
@
It
also
discusses
some
applications
built
to
validate
the
system
,
which
follow
the
client
­
server
model
.
@
We
carry
out
a
theoretical
review
of
the
most
relevant
topics
related
to
the
field
and
present
the
implementation
details
.
@
This
tool
was
implemented
using
object
­
oriented
techniques
and
comprises
an
automatic
Stub
Generator
and
an
RPC
Library
,
together
with
a
Binding
Service
.
@
The
distributed
applications
built
try
to
explore
the
tool's
full
potential
.
@
We
provide
general
guidelines
regarding
the
development
of
distributed
applications
for
the
Windows
95
environment
.
@
$
This
dissertation
discusses
a
performance
evaluation
of
the
portable
platforms
PVM
and
MPI
when
running
in
a
distributed
system
and
in
a
parallel
architecture
­
SP2
.
@
The
evaluation
is
performed
through
a
number
of
sorting
parallel
algorithms
,
using
four
implementations
:
IBM
MPI
and
IBM
PVMe
(
running
in
the
SP2
),
MPICH
and
PVM
(
running
in
a
distributed
system
).
@
Based
on
the
execution
of
parallel
algorithms
,
we
present
a
comparison
between
the
different
environments
considered
and
between
the
several
sorting
algorithms
implemented
.
@
The
sequential
algorithms
were
also
analyzed
to
allow
the
speedup
evaluation
in
the
execution
in
each
environment
.
@
Through
the
results
obtained
it
is
possible
to
verify
and
prove
(
for
the
environment
considered
)
the
following
statement
:
PVM
shows
a
better
performance
in
a
distributed
systems
(
since
PVM
was
designed
to
work
in
a
set
of
loosely
coupled
computers
)
and
MPI
is
more
adequate
in
parallel
architectures
.
@
$
Distributed
Computing
Systems
applied
to
parallel
computing
allow
a
better
cost-effectiveness
in
parallel
software
implementation
.
@
They
offer
an
adequate
computing
power
for
the
applications
that
,
although
not
requiring
a
massively
parallel
machine
,
need
a
computing
power
greater
than
that
available
in
standard
sequential
computers
.
@
PVM
(
Parallel
Virtual
Machine
)
is
an
example
of
a
message
passing
library
widely
discussed
in
the
related
literature
which
allows
the
implementation
of
parallel
virtual
machines
using
workstations
(
normally
RISC
machines
running
UNIX
operating
system
).
@
In
this
context
,
this
MSc
dissertation
describes
in
detail
the
implementation
of
PVM
­
W95
(
Parallel
Virtual
Machine
for
Windows95
),
which
comprises
a
message
passing
environment
(
similar
to
PVM
),
allowing
the
creation
of
a
parallel
virtual
machine
using
personal
computers
(
working
as
workstations
in
a
distributed
computing
environment
),
interconnected
in
a
communication
network
and
running
the
Windows95
operating
system
.
@
We
carried
out
preliminary
studies
aiming
at
the
validation
and
performance
evaluation
of
PVM
­
W95
.
@
The
results
obtained
show
that
the
PVM
­
W95
is
stable
and
the
parallel
applications
developed
reached
excellent
speedups
,
considering
the
hardware
adopted
.
@
$
The
main
objectives
of
this
dissertation
are
the
development
and
the
evaluation
of
numerical
parallel
algorithms
and
their
execution
on
parallel
machines
(
multiprocessor
machines
,
vectorial
machines
and
parallel
virtual
environments
).
@
The
algorithms
developed
have
been
executed
under
different
conditions
both
in
terms
of
the
hardware
platform
adopted
and
the
problem
size
.
@
The
results
obtained
in
the
numerical
algorithms
implementation
are
all
analyzed
according
to
some
metrics
(
execution
time
and
float-point
operations
)
available
in
the
main
benchmarks
studied
.
@
Through
the
results
obtained
,
we
analyzed
the
performance
of
message
passing
libraries
PVM
and
MPI
,
the
performance
of
the
different
architectures
considered
,
and
the
numerical
algorithms
implemented
.
@
$
This
thesis
investigates
criteria
for
testing
Reactive
Systems
behavior
specifications
,
specified
either
in
Estelle
or
in
Statecharts
.
@
Reactive
Systems
are
applied
to
several
human
activities
and
,
as
failures
in
these
systems
may
cause
human
or
economical
losses
,
they
require
the
use
of
high-quality
software
development
processes
that
could
lead
to
the
production
of
high-quality
products
.
@
These
criteria
systematize
the
testing
activity
and
provide
mechanisms
for
the
software
tests
quality
assessment
.
@
This
thesis
presents
contributions
to
the
three
fundamental
activities
in
the
context
of
software
testing
,
namely
:
definition
of
testing
criteria
,
theoretical
studies
and
tool
development
.
@
In
relation
to
the
definition
of
testing
criteria
,
we
propose
the
use
of
Mutation
Testing
for
Estelle
specifications
and
the
use
of
Control
Flow
Testing
for
Estelle
and
Statecharts
specifications
.
@
For
Mutation
Testing
,
we
identify
the
errors
types
in
Estelle
specifications
,
defining
mutation
operators
,
incremental
testing
strategies
,
and
alternative
mutation
criteria
,
which
aim
at
reducing
the
cost
of
application
of
this
criterion
.
@
For
Control
Flow
Testing
,
two
families
of
criteria
are
defined
:
SCCF
-
Statechart
Coverage
Criteria
Family
and
ECCF
-
Estelle
Coverage
Criteria
Family
.
@
We
carried
out
theoretical
studies
to
analyze
the
complexity
of
the
Mutation
Testing
to
Estelle
and
the
inclusion
relation
for
the
SCCF
and
ECCF
criteria
.
@
We
conducted
case
studies
to
compare
the
testing
criteria
defined
in
this
thesis
and
to
evaluate
their
application
during
the
simulation
of
Estelle
and
Statecharts
specifications
.
@
Concerning
tool
development
,
the
Proteum
family
tools
,
that
support
the
application
of
Mutation
Testing
,
and
the
simulation
environments
to
Estelle
(
EDT
)
and
Statecharts
(
StatSim
)
supply
an
essential
base
for
tools
development
.
@
We
present
some
considerations
about
the
definition
of
supporting
tools
to
the
application
of
the
proposed
criteria
.
@
$
This
thesis
approaches
a
study
about
the
viability
of
using
the
CMB
conservative
protocol
for
distributed
simulation
synchronization
on
different
distributed
memory
MIMD
platforms
,
considering
coarse
granularity
and
few
parallel
processes
.
@
The
technique
used
to
analyze
the
results
comprises
data
acquisition
during
simulation
execution
for
a
large
number
of
models
.
@
The
simulation
of
these
models
is
performed
on
a
special
­
built
distributed
simulation
environment
(
ParSMPL
)
developed
and
presented
in
this
thesis
,
implementing
a
CMB
synchronization
protocol
.
@
The
results
obtained
in
this
research
are
split
according
to
different
views
taking
to
distinct
sets
of
contributions
.
@
The
first
view
evaluates
the
influence
of
the
model
and
the
execution
platform
on
the
speedup
reached
.
@
In
this
case
it
is
defined
when
an
application
can
reach
efficiency
through
the
adoption
of
the
distributed
simulation
paradigm
using
the
CMB
protocol
.
@
The
second
view
refers
to
the
need
of
users
to
know
the
best
way
to
make
use
of
distributed
simulation
.
@
Thus
,
following
the
analysis
performed
in
this
thesis
,
we
established
a
set
of
procedures
to
help
in
the
distributed
simulation
development
process
adopting
the
conservative
approach
.
@
Following
the
procedures
proposed
and
using
the
ParSMPL
a
user
can
count
on
precious
help
in
the
development
of
efficient
conservative
distributed
simulation
programs
,
without
the
need
of
knowing
the
features
and
particularities
of
the
CMB
protocol
.
@
$
This
thesis
proposes
and
describes
in
detail
the
design
of
AMIGO
(
DynAMical
FlexIble
SchedulinG
EnvirOnment
),
a
novel
software
tool
that
makes
possible
the
union
of
different
algorithm
scheduling
proposals
,
in
a
way
completely
transparent
to
the
user
.
@
AMIGO
is
able
to
make
flexible
the
scheduling
activity
(
at
run
­
time
),
covering
all
the
steps
from
its
configuration
to
its
effective
application
.
@
Besides
the
dynamic
flexibility
and
transparency
,
AMIGO
is
also
modular
:
it
is
split
into
modules
that
,
among
other
advantages
,
facilitate
its
execution
on
different
platforms
.
@
This
research
also
gives
its
contribution
presenting
a
critical
analysis
of
the
process
­
scheduling
literature
,
pointing
out
the
existing
divergences
and
proposing
important
convergence
points
.
@
Thus
,
the
literature
survey
presented
acts
as
a
precious
introductory
material
,
so
that
beginners
form
a
general
context
on
the
field
and
then
deepen
more
quickly
their
studies
in
other
more
specific
research
.
@
The
performance
evaluation
of
AMIGO
shows
that
it
is
possible
to
have
expressive
performance
gains
,
with
total
user
transparency
.
@
By
joining
performance
,
flexibility
and
transparency
we
hope
to
contribute
for
the
reduction
of
the
existing
gap
between
theory
and
practice
in
the
scheduling
process
area
.
@
$