<===> input.scss
@mixin odd( $selector, $n) {
  $selector: "& + " + $selector + " + " + $selector;
  $placeholder: unique_id();
  %#{$placeholder} { @content; }
  #{$selector}:first-child {
    #{$selector} { @extend %#{$placeholder}; }
  }
}

ul > {
  @include odd( li, 5 ) { background: #ccc;  }
}

<===> output.css
ul > + li + li:first-child + li + li {
  background: #ccc;
}