NAME
Geo::Point - a point on the globe
INHERITANCE
Geo::Point
is a Geo::ShapeSYNOPSIS
use Geo::Point;
my $p = Geo::Point->latlong(1,2);
my $p = Geo::Point->longlat(2,1);
my $w = Geo::Proj->new(wgs84 => ...);
my $p = Geo::Point->latlong(1,2, 'wgs84');
my ($lat, $long) = $p->latlong;
my ($x, $y) = $p->xy;
my ($x, $y) = $p->in('utm-wgs84-31N');
my $p = Geo::Point->xy(1,2);DESCRIPTION
One location on the globe, in any coordinate system. This package tries to hide the maths and the coordinate system in which the point is represented.
One of the most confusing things when handling geometrical data, is that sometimes latlong, sometimes xy are used: horizontal and vertical organization reversed. This packages tries to hide this from your program by providing abstract accessors latlong(), longlat(), xy(), and yx().
METHODS
Constructors
Geo::Point->fromString(STRING, {PROJECTION])
Create a new point from a STRING. The coordinates can be separated by a comma (preferrably), or blanks. When the coordinates end on NSEW, the order does not matter, otherwise lat-long or xy order is presumed.
This routine is very smart. It understands: PROJLABEL VALUE VALUE PROJLABEL: VALUE VALUE PROJLABEL, VALUE, VALUE PROJLABEL: VALUE, VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE, VALUE utm: ZONE, VALUE, VALUE # also without commas and ':' utm: VALUE, VALUE, ZONE # also without commas and ':' utm: VALUE, VALUE # also without commas and ':' ZONE, VALUE, VALUE # also without commas and ':' VALUE, VALUE, ZONE # also without commas and ':'
The VALUE must be suitable for projection. If only two values are provided, a d, single or double quote, or trailing/leading e, w, n, s (either lower or upper-case) will force a latlong projection. Those coordinates must follow the rules of dms2deg().
example: point from string
my $x = 'utm 31n 12311.123 34242.12'; # utm zone 31N
my $x = '12311.123 34242.12 31'; # utm zone 31
my $x = '123.123E 12.34'; # wgs84 latlong
my $x = 'clrk66 123.123 12.34'; # clrk66 latlong
my $x = '12d34'123.1W 11.1123'; # wgs84 longlat
my $p = Geo::Point->fromString($x);
# When parsing user applications, you probably want:
my $p = eval { Geo::Point->fromString($x) };
warn $@ if $@;$obj->latlong([LAT, LONG, [PROJ] ] | [PROJ])
Geo::Point->latlong([LAT, LONG, [PROJ] ] | [PROJ])
When called as class method, you create a new point. Provide a LATitude and LONGitude. The optional PROJection tells in which coordinate system.
As instance method, the latitude and longitude are reported. You can ask it to be translated into the PROJ coordinate system first.
When PROJ is undefined, none is presumed. The project must be specified as string, which referse to a projection defined by Geo::Proj. See also longlat(), xy(), and yx().
example: latlong as class method
my $wgs84 = Geo::Proj->new(wgs84 => ...);
my $gp = Geo::Point->latlong(52.3213, 5.53, 'wgs84');example: latlong as instance method
my ($lat, $long) = $gp->latlong('wgs84');$obj->longlat([LONG, LAT, [PROJ] ] | [PROJ])
Geo::Point->longlat([LONG, LAT, [PROJ] ] | [PROJ])
Like latlong(), but with the coordinates reversed. Some applications prefer this.
Geo::Point->new(OPTIONS)
Option --Defined in --Default
lat undef
latitude undef
long undef
longitude undef
proj Geo::Shape <see Geo::Proj::defaultProjection()
x undef
y undef. lat => COORDINATE
. latitude => COORDINATE
. long => COORDINATE
. longitude => COORDINATE
. proj => LABEL
. x => COORDINATE
. y => COORDINATE
$obj->xy([X, Y, [PROJ] ] | [PROJ])
Geo::Point->xy([X, Y, [PROJ] ] | [PROJ])
Like latlong() but now for carthesian projections. Usually, the coordinate order is reversed. See also yx().
$obj->yx([Y, X, [PROJ] ] | [PROJ])
Geo::Point->yx([Y, X, [PROJ] ] | [PROJ])
Like latlong() but now for carthesian projections. Usually, the coordinate order is reversed. See also xy().
Attributes
$obj->proj
Accessors
The accessors only work correctly when you are sure that the point is in the right coordinate systems.
$obj->lat
$obj->latitude
$obj->long
$obj->longitude
$obj->x
$obj->y
Projections
$obj->in(LABEL|'utm')
$obj->normalize
Be sure the that coordinates are between -180/180 longitude, -90/90 lattitude. No changes for non-latlong projections.
$obj->projectOn(NICK, POINTS)
Geometry
$obj->area
Always returns zero.
$obj->bbox
The bounding box of a point contains twice itself.
$obj->bboxCenter
$obj->bboxRing([XMIN, YMIN, XMAX, YMAX, [PROJ]])
Geo::Point->bboxRing([XMIN, YMIN, XMAX, YMAX, [PROJ]])
$obj->distance(OBJECT, [UNIT])
$obj->distancePointPoint(GEODIST, UNITS, POINT)
Compute the distance between the current point and some other POINT in UNITS. The GEODIST object will do the calculations. See distance().
$obj->equal(OBJECT, [TOLERANCE])
$obj->inBBox(OBJECT)
Returns a true value if this point is inside the bounding box of the specified OBJECT. The borders of the bbox are included. This is relatively fast to check, even for complex objects. When the projections differ, the point is translated into the OBJECT's coordinate system, because that one must stay square.
$obj->perimeter
Always returns zero.
$obj->sameAs(OTHER, TOLERANCE)
Display
$obj->coords
Returns the coordinates in their usual order, formatted as string with a joining blank;
$obj->coordsUsualOrder
Returns the coordinates in the order which is usual for the projection used.
$obj->deg2dm(DEGREES, POS, NEG)
Geo::Point->deg2dm(DEGREES, POS, NEG)
$obj->deg2dms(DEGREES, POS, NEG)
Geo::Point->deg2dms(DEGREES, POS, NEG)
$obj->dm([PROJECTION])
Like dms(), but doesn't show seconds.
$obj->dmHTML([PROJECTION])
Like dmsHTML(), but does not show seconds.
$obj->dms([PROJECTION])
Show the point as DMS value-pair. You must be sure that the coordinate is a projection for which is it usefull to represent the values in DMS. In SCALAR context, one string is returned. In LIST context, the values are returned separately in latlong order.
Be warned, that the returned string may contain single and double quote characters, which may confuse HTML (see dmsHTML()).
$obj->dms2deg(DMS)
Geo::Point->dms2deg(DMS)
$obj->dmsHTML([PROJECTION])
Like dms(), but all character which are troublesome for HTML are translated into character codes.
$obj->moveWest
Move a point from the eastern calculations into the western calculations, resulting in a value below -180. This is usefull when this point is part of a larger construct, like the corners of a satellite image, which are both sides of the -180 meridian.
example: moving West
my $point = Geo::Point->latlong(24, 179);
$point->moveWest;
print $point->long; # -181;$obj->toString([PROJECTION])
Returns a string representation of the point, which is also used for stringification. The default projection is the one of the point.
example:
print "Point: ",$gp->toString, "\n";
print "Point: $gp\n"; # same
print "Point: ",$gp->toString('clrk66'), "\n";DIAGNOSTICS
Error: UTM requires 3 values: easting, northing, and zone
Error: can only compare a point to an other Geo::Point
Error: distance calculation not implemented between a $kind and a $kind
Only a subset of all objects can be used in the distance calculation. The limitation is purely caused by lack of time to implement this.
Error: dms latitude coordinate not understood: $string
See dms2deg() for permitted formats.
Error: dms longitude coordinate not understood: $string
See dms2deg() for permitted formats.
Error: illegal UTM zone in $string
A UTM zone can be detected at the beginning or at the end of the input. It contains a number (from 1 upto 60) and an optional latitude indication (C upto X, except I and O).
Error: illegal character in x coordinate $x
Error: illegal character in y coordinate $y
Error: in() not implemented for a $class
Error: too few values in $string (got @parts)
Most projection require two parameters, but utm requires three (with zone).
Error: too many values in $string (got @parts)
Most projection require two parameters, but utm requires three (with zone).
Error: undefined projection $proj for $string
The projection you used (or is set as default) is not defined. See Geo::Proj::new() about how to defined them.
SEE ALSO
This module is part of Geo-Point distribution version 0.09, built on January 02, 2009. Website: http://perl.overmeer.net/geo/ All modules in this suite: "Geo::Point", "Geo::Proj4", "Geo::WKT", "Math::Polygon", "Geo::GML", "Geo::ISO19139", "Geo::EOP", and "Geo::Format::Envisat".
Please post questions or ideas to http://geo-perl@list.hut.fi|the mailinglist
LICENSE
Copyrights 2005-2009 by Mark Overmeer. For other contributors see ChangeLog.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. See http://www.perl.com/perl/misc/Artistic.html