/ 
Mail-Box-2.090
River stage one • 8 direct dependents • 8 total dependents
/ Mail::Message::Body

NAME

Mail::Message::Body - the data of a body in a message

INHERITANCE

Mail::Message::Body has extra code in
  Mail::Message::Body::Construct
  Mail::Message::Body::Encode

Mail::Message::Body
  is a Mail::Reporter

Mail::Message::Body is extended by
  Mail::Message::Body::File
  Mail::Message::Body::Lines
  Mail::Message::Body::Multipart
  Mail::Message::Body::Nested
  Mail::Message::Body::String

Mail::Message::Body is realized by
  Mail::Message::Body::Delayed

SYNOPSIS

my Mail::Message $msg = ...;
my $body  = $msg->body;
my @text  = $body->lines;
my $text  = $body->string;
my $file  = $body->file;  # IO::File
$body->print(\*FILE);

my $content_type = $body->type;
my $transfer_encoding = $body->transferEncoding;
my $encoded = $body->encode(mime_type => 'text/html',
   charset => 'us-ascii', transfer_encoding => 'none');\n";
my $decoded = $body->decoded;

DESCRIPTION

The encoding and decoding functionality of a Mail::Message::Body is implemented in the Mail::Message::Body::Encode package. That package is automatically loaded when encoding and decoding of messages needs to take place. Methods to simply build an process body objects are implemented in Mail::Message::Body::Construct.

The body of a message (a Mail::Message object) is stored in one of the many body types. The functionality of each body type is equivalent, but there are performance differences. Each body type has its own documentation with details about its implementation.

OVERLOADED

overload: ""

    (stringification) Returns the body as string --which will trigger completion-- unless called to produce a string for Carp. The latter to avoid deep recursions.

    example: stringification of body

    print $msg->body;   # implicit by print

my $body = $msg->body;
my $x    = "$body"; # explicit by interpolation

overload: '==' and '!='

    (numeric comparison) compares if two references point to the same message. This only produces correct results is both arguments are message references within the same folder.

    example: use of numeric comparison on a body

    my $skip = $folder->message(3);
foreach my $msg (@$folder)
{   next if $msg == $skip;
    $msg->send;
}

overload: @{}

    When a body object is used as being an array reference, the lines of the body are returned. This is the same as using lines().

    example: using a body as array

    print $body->lines->[1];  # second line
print $body->[1];         # same

my @lines = $body->lines;
my @lines = @$body;       # same

overload: bool

    Always returns a true value, which is needed to have overloaded objects to be used as in if($body). Otherwise, if(defined $body) would be needed to avoid a runtime error.

METHODS

Constructors

$obj->clone

    Return a copy of this body, usually to be included in a cloned message. Use Mail::Message::clone() for a whole message.

Mail::Message::Body->new(OPTIONS)

    BE WARNED that, what you specify here are encodings and such which are already in place. The options will not trigger conversions. When you need conversions, first create a body with options which tell what you've got, and then call encode() for what you need.

    Option           --Defined in     --Default
based_on                            undef
charset                             'PERL' or <undef>
checked                             <false>
data                                undef
description                         undef
disposition                         undef
eol                                 'NATIVE'
file                                undef
log                Mail::Reporter   'WARNINGS'
message                             undef
mime_type                           'text/plain'
modified                            <false>
trace              Mail::Reporter   'WARNINGS'
transfer_encoding                   'none'

    . based_on => BODY

      The information about encodings must be taken from the specified BODY, unless specified differently.

    . charset => CHARSET|'PERL'

      Defines the character-set which is used in the data. Only useful in combination with a mime_type which refers to text in any shape, which does not contain an explicit charset already. This field is case-insensitive.

      When a known CHARSET is provided and the mime type says text, then the data is expected to be bytes in that particular encoding (see Encode). When 'PERL' is given, then then the data is in Perl's internal encoding (either latin1 or utf8, you shouldn't know!)

    . checked => BOOLEAN

      Whether the added information has been check not to contain illegal octets with respect to the transfer encoding and mime type. If not checked, and then set as body for a message, it will be.

    . data => ARRAY-OF-LINES | STRING

      The content of the body. The only way to set the content of a body is during the creation of the body. So if you want to modify the content of a message, you need to create a new body with the new content and add that to the body. The reason behind this, is that correct encodings and body information must be guaranteed. It avoids your hassle in calculating the number of lines in the body, and checking whether bad characters are enclosed in text.

      Specify a reference to an ARRAY of lines, each terminated by a newline. Or one STRING which may contain multiple lines, separated and terminated by a newline.

    . description => STRING|FIELD

      Informal information about the body content. The data relates to the Content-Description field. Specify a STRING which will become the field content, or a real FIELD.

    . disposition => STRING|FIELD

      How this message can be decomposed. The data relates to the Content-Disposition field. Specify a STRING which will become the field content, or a real FIELD.

      The content of this field is specified in RFC 1806. The body of the field can be inline, to indicate that the body is intended to be displayed automatically upon display of the message. Use attachment to indicate that they are separate from the main body of the mail message, and that their display should not be automatic, but contingent upon some further action of the user.

      The filename attribute specifies a name to which is suggested to the reader of the message when it is extracted.

    . eol => 'CR'|'LF'|'CRLF'|'NATIVE'

      Convert the message into having the specified string as line terminator for all lines in the body. NATIVE is used to represent the \n on the current platform and will be translated in the applicable one.

      BE WARNED that folders with a non-native encoding may appear on your platform, for instance in Windows folders handled from a UNIX system. The eol encoding has effect on the size of the body!

    . file => FILENAME|FILEHANDLE|IOHANDLE

      Read the data from the specified file, file handle, or object of type IO::Handle.

    . log => LEVEL

    . message => MESSAGE

      The message where this body belongs to.

    . mime_type => STRING|FIELD|MIME

      The type of data which is added. You may specify a content of a header line as STRING, or a FIELD object. You may also specify a MIME::Type object. In any case, it will be kept internally as a real field (a Mail::Message::Field object). This relates to the Content-Type header field.

      A mime-type specification consists of two parts: a general class (text, image, application, etc) and a specific sub-class. Examples for specific classes with text are plain, html, and xml. This field is case-insensitive but case preserving. The default mime-type is text/plain,

    . modified => BOOLEAN

      Whether the body is flagged modified, directly from its creation.

    . trace => LEVEL

    . transfer_encoding => STRING|FIELD

      The encoding that the data has. If the data is to be encoded, than you will have to call encode() after the body is created. That will return a new encoded body. This field is case-insensitive and relates to the Content-Transfer-Encoding field in the header.

    example:

    my $body = Mail::Message::Body::String->new(file => \*IN,
   mime_type => 'text/html; charset="ISO-8859-1"');

my $body = Mail::Message::Body::Lines->new(data => ['first', $second],
   charset => 'ISO-10646', transfer_encoding => 'none');

my $body = Mail::Message::Body::Lines->new(data => \@lines,
   transfer_encoding => 'base64');

my $body = Mail::Message::Body::Lines->new(file => 'picture.gif',
   mime_type => 'image/gif');

Constructing a body

$obj->attach(MESSAGES, OPTIONS)

$obj->check

$obj->concatenate(COMPONENTS)

$obj->decoded(OPTIONS)

    Returns a body, an object which is (a sub-)class of a Mail::Message::Body, which contains a simplified representation of textual data. The returned object may be the object where this is called on, but may also be a new body of any type.

    my $dec = $body->decoded;

    is equivalent with

    my $dec = $body->encode
  ( mime_type         => 'text/plain'
  , transfer_encoding => 'none'
  , charset           => 'PERL'
  );

    The $dec which is returned is a body. Ask with the mimeType() method what is produced. This $dec body is not related to a header.

    Option     --Default
result_type  <same as current>

    . result_type => CLASS

$obj->encode(OPTIONS)

$obj->encoded

$obj->eol(['CR'|'LF'|'CRLF'|'NATIVE'])

    Returns the character (or characters) which are used to separate lines within this body. When a kind of separator is specified, the body is translated to contain the specified line endings.

$obj->foreachLine(CODE)

$obj->stripSignature(OPTIONS)

$obj->unify(BODY)

The body

$obj->isDelayed

    Returns a true or false value, depending on whether the body of this message has been read from file. This can only false for a Mail::Message::Body::Delayed.

$obj->isMultipart

    Returns whether this message-body contains parts which are messages by themselves.

$obj->isNested

    Only true for a message body which contains exactly one sub-message: the Mail::Message::Body::Nested body type.

$obj->message([MESSAGE])

    Returns the message where this body belongs to, optionally setting it to a new MESSAGE first. If undef is passed, the body will be disconnected from the message.

About the payload

$obj->charset

    Returns the character set which is used in the text body as string. This is part of the result of what the type method returns.

$obj->checked([BOOLEAN])

    Returns whether the body encoding has been checked or not (optionally after setting the flag to a new value).

$obj->description([STRING|FIELD])

    Returns (optionally after setting) the informal description of the body content. The related header field is Content-Description. A Mail::Message::Field object is returned (which stringifies into the field content). The field content will be none if no disposition was specified.

    The argument can be a STRING (which is converted into a field), or a fully prepared header field.

$obj->disposition([STRING|FIELD])

    Returns (optionally after setting) how the message can be disposed (unpacked). The related header field is Content-Disposition. A Mail::Message::Field object is returned (which stringifies into the field content). The field content will be none if no disposition was specified.

    The argument can be a STRING (which is converted into a field), or a fully prepared header field.

$obj->dispositionFilename([DIRECTORY])

$obj->isBinary

$obj->isText

$obj->mimeType

    Returns a MIME::Type object which is related to this body's type. This differs from the type method, which results in a Mail::Message::Field.

    example:

    if($body->mimeType eq 'text/html') {...}
print $body->mimeType->simplified;

$obj->nrLines

    Returns the number of lines in the message body. For multi-part messages, this includes the header lines and boundaries of all the parts.

$obj->size

    The total number of bytes in the message body. The size of the body is computed in the shape it is in. For example, if this is a base64 encoded message, the size of the encoded data is returned; you may want to call Mail::Message::decoded() first.

$obj->transferEncoding([STRING|FIELD])

    Returns the transfer-encoding of the data within this body as Mail::Message::Field (which stringifies to its content). If it needs to be changed, call the encode() or decoded() method. When no encoding is present, the field contains the text none.

    The optional STRING or FIELD enforces a new encoding to be set, without the actual required translations.

    example:

    my $transfer = $msg->decoded->transferEncoding;
$transfer->print;   # --> Content-Encoding: base64
print $transfer;    # --> base64

if($msg->body->transferEncoding eq 'none') {...}

$obj->type([STRING|FIELD])

    Returns the type of information the body contains as Mail::Message::Field object. The type is taken from the header field Content-Type. If the header did not contain that field, then you will get a default field containing text/plain.

    You usually can better use mimeType(), because that will return a clever object with type information.

    example:

    my $msg     = $folder->message(6);
$msg->get('Content-Type')->print;
   # --> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"

my $content = $msg->decoded;
my $type    = $content->type;

print "This is a $type message\n";
   # --> This is a text/plain; charset="us-ascii" message

print "This is a ", $type->body, "message\n";
   # --> This is a text/plain message

print "Comment: ", $type->comment, "\n";
   # --> Comment: charset="us-ascii"

Access to the payload

$obj->endsOnNewline

    Returns whether the last line of the body is terminated by a new-line (in transport it will become a CRLF). An empty body will return true as well: the newline comes from the line before it.

$obj->file

    Return the content of the body as a file handle. The returned stream may be a real file, or a simulated file in any form that Perl supports. While you may not be able to write to the file handle, you can read from it.

    WARNING: Even if the file handle supports writing, do not write to the file handle. If you do, some of the internal values of the Mail::Message::Body may not be updated.

$obj->lines

    Return the content of the body as a list of lines (in LIST context) or a reference to an array of lines (in SCALAR context). In scalar context the array of lines is cached to avoid needless copying and therefore provide much faster access for large messages.

    To just get the number of lines in the body, use the nrLines() method, which is usually much more efficient.

    BE WARNED: For some types of bodies the reference will refer to the original data. You must not change the referenced data! If you do, some of the essential internal variables of the Mail::Message::Body may not be updated.

    example:

    my @lines    = $body->lines;     # copies lines
my $line3    = ($body->lines)[3] # only one copy
print $lines[0];

my $linesref = $body->lines;     # reference to originals
my $line3    = $body->lines->[3] # only one copy (faster)
print $linesref->[0];

print $body->[0];                # by overloading

$obj->print([FILEHANDLE])

    Print the body to the specified FILEHANDLE (defaults to the selected handle). The handle may be a GLOB, an IO::File object, or... any object with a print() method will do. Nothing useful is returned.

$obj->printEscapedFrom(FILEHANDLE)

    Print the body to the specified FILEHANDLE but all lines which start with 'From ' (optionally already preceded by >'s) will habe an > added in front. Nothing useful is returned.

$obj->string

    Return the content of the body as a scalar (a single string). This is a copy of the internally kept information.

    example:

    my $text = $body->string;
print "Body: $body\n";     # by overloading

$obj->stripTrailingNewline

    Remove the newline from the last line, or the last line if it does not contain anything else than a newline.

$obj->write(OPTIONS)

    Write the content of the body to a file. Be warned that you may want to decode the body before writing it!

    Option  --Default
filename  <required>

    . filename => FILENAME

    example: write the data to a file

    use File::Temp;
my $fn = tempfile;
$message->decoded->write(filename => $fn)
   or die "Couldn't write to $fn: $!\n";

    example: using the content-disposition information to write

    use File::Temp;
my $dir = tempdir; mkdir $dir or die;
my $fn  = $message->body->dispositionFilename($dir);
$message->decoded->write(filename => $fn)
   or die "Couldn't write to $fn: $!\n";

Internals

$obj->addTransferEncHandler(NAME, CLASS|OBJECT)

Mail::Message::Body->addTransferEncHandler(NAME, CLASS|OBJECT)

$obj->contentInfoFrom(HEAD)

    Transfer the body related info from the header into this body.

$obj->contentInfoTo(HEAD)

    Copy the content information (the Content-* fields) into the specified HEAD. The body was created from raw data without the required information, which must be added. See also contentInfoFrom().

$obj->fileLocation([BEGIN,END])

    The location of the body in the file. Returned a list containing begin and end. The begin is the offsets of the first byte if the folder used for this body. The end is the offset of the first byte of the next message.

$obj->getTransferEncHandler(TYPE)

$obj->isModified

    Returns whether the body has changed.

$obj->load

    Be sure that the body is loaded. This returns the loaded body.

$obj->modified([BOOLEAN])

    Change the body modification flag. This will force a re-write of the body to a folder file when it is closed. It is quite dangerous to change the body: the same body may be shared between messages within your program.

    Especially be warned that you have to change the message-id when you change the body of the message: no two messages should have the same id.

    Without value, the current setting is returned, although you can better use isModified().

$obj->moveLocation([DISTANCE])

    Move the registration of the message to a new location over DISTANCE. This is called when the message is written to a new version of the same folder-file.

$obj->read(PARSER, HEAD, BODYTYPE [,CHARS [,LINES]])

    Read the body with the PARSER from file. The implementation of this method will differ between types of bodies. The BODYTYPE argument is a class name or a code reference of a routine which can produce a class name, and is used in multipart bodies to determine the type of the body for each part.

    The CHARS argument is the estimated number of bytes in the body, or undef when this is not known. This data can sometimes be derived from the header (the Content-Length line) or file-size.

    The second argument is the estimated number of LINES of the body. It is less useful than the CHARS but may be of help determining whether the message separator is trustworthy. This value may be found in the Lines field of the header.

Error handling

$obj->AUTOLOAD

    When an unknown method is called on a message body object, this may not be problematic. For performance reasons, some methods are implemented in separate files, and only demand-loaded. If this delayed compilation of additional modules does not help, an error will be produced.

$obj->addReport(OBJECT)

$obj->defaultTrace([LEVEL]|[LOGLEVEL, TRACELEVEL]|[LEVEL, CALLBACK])

Mail::Message::Body->defaultTrace([LEVEL]|[LOGLEVEL, TRACELEVEL]|[LEVEL, CALLBACK])

$obj->errors

$obj->log([LEVEL [,STRINGS]])

Mail::Message::Body->log([LEVEL [,STRINGS]])

$obj->logPriority(LEVEL)

Mail::Message::Body->logPriority(LEVEL)

$obj->logSettings

$obj->notImplemented

$obj->report([LEVEL])

$obj->reportAll([LEVEL])

$obj->trace([LEVEL])

$obj->warnings

Cleanup

$obj->DESTROY

$obj->inGlobalDestruction

DETAILS

Access to the body

A body can be contained in a message, but may also live without a message. In both cases it stores data, and the same questions can be asked: what type of data it is, how many bytes and lines, what encoding is used. Any body can be encoded and decoded, returning a new body object. However, bodies which are part of a message will always be in a shape that they can be written to a file or send to somewhere: they will be encoded if needed.

example:

my $body    = Mail::Message::Body::String->new(mime_type => 'image/gif');
$body->print(\*OUT);    # this is binary image data...

my $encoded = $message->body($body);
$encoded->print(\*OUT); # ascii data, encoded image

Now encoded refers to the body of the $message which is the content of $body in a shape that it can be transmitted. Usually base64 encoding is used.

Body class implementation

The body of a message can be stored in many ways. Roughtly, the implementations can be split in two groups: the data collectors and the complex bodies. The primer implement various ways to access data, and are full compatible: they only differ in performance and memory footprint under different circumstances. The latter are created to handle complex multiparts and lazy extraction.

Data collector bodies

  • Mail::Message::Body::String

    The whole message body is stored in one scalar. Small messages can be contained this way without performance penalties.

  • Mail::Message::Body::Lines

    Each line of the message body is stored as single scalar. This is a useful representation for a detailed look in the message body, which is usually line-organized.

  • Mail::Message::Body::File

    The message body is stored in an external temporary file. This type of storage is especially useful when the body is large, the total folder is large, or memory is limited.

  • Mail::Message::Body::InFolder

    NOT IMPLEMENTED YET. The message is kept in the folder, and is only taken out when the content is changed.

  • Mail::Message::Body::External

    NOT IMPLEMENTED YET. The message is kept in a separate file, usually because the message body is large. The difference with the ::External object is that this external storage stays this way between closing and opening of a folder. The ::External object only uses a file when the folder is open.

Complex bodies

  • Mail::Message::Body::Delayed

    The message-body is not yet read, but the exact location of the body is known so the message can be read when needed. This is part of the lazy extraction mechanism. Once extracted, the object can become any simple or complex body.

  • Mail::Message::Body::Multipart

    The message body contains a set of sub-messages (which can contain multipart bodies themselves). Each sub-message is an instance of Mail::Message::Part, which is an extension of Mail::Message.

  • Mail::Message::Body::Nested

    Nested messages, like message/rfc822: they contain a message in the body. For most code, they simply behave like multiparts.

DIAGNOSTICS

Warning: Charset $name is not known

    The encoding or decoding of a message body encounters a character set which is not understood by Perl's Encode module.

Warning: No decoder defined for transfer encoding $name.

    The data (message body) is encoded in a way which is not currently understood, therefore no decoding (or recoding) can take place.

Warning: No encoder defined for transfer encoding $name.

    The data (message body) has been decoded, but the required encoding is unknown. The decoded data is returned.

Error: Package $package does not implement $method.

    Fatal error: the specific package (or one of its superclasses) does not implement this method where it should. This message means that some other related classes do implement this method however the class at hand does not. Probably you should investigate this and probably inform the author of the package.

SEE ALSO

This module is part of Mail-Box distribution version 2.090, built on June 02, 2009. Website: http://perl.overmeer.net/mailbox/

LICENSE

Copyrights 2001-2009 by Mark Overmeer. For other contributors see ChangeLog.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. See http://www.perl.com/perl/misc/Artistic.html