NAME

Newton - performs one dimensional Newton's method

SYNOPSIS

#!/usr/bin/pugs
use v6;

use Newton;

sub f(Num $x) { return $x ** 3; }

say "The cube root of 7 is: {newton(7, &f, $verbose => 1)}";

DESCRIPTION

Newton's method is a simple method for finding roots, like square roots or cube roots (as in the example above). Read a Calculus textbook for details. This implementation is meant to show the power of Perl 6 defaults and Currying in a real context.

The newton function must receive at least:

y - target value for y
f - function of one variable

It looks for an x such that f(x) is y.

You may optionally supply:

epsilon - tolerance (how accurate the answer must be)
fprime  - an exact first derivative of f (which Newton's method
          uses to update its guess at each iteration)
verbose - a boolean which will turn on per iteration printing

If you omit the fprime, a second order centered difference is provided as a curried default.

All of the optional parameters should be supplied by name.

Note that the above code is not robust. (If you need a real implementation consult a book, like Numerical Recipies.) In particular, it suffers from convergence problems for some functions, which all Newton methods do. All it does in such cases is die with a complaint. Real solvers usually do a bit of algorithm switching. When their fast method fails, they fall back on something more likely to work.

Further, the above method always uses a starting guess which is half the target. This does not facilitate recovering all the roots of a function (not that Newton's method is ever really good at that).

The Defaults

Note that Perl 6 allows us to provide defaults for optional parameters. This includes providing a default fprime in the example. For fprime, the example goes on step further and Curries approxfprime with the user supplied f. Such things are possible in Perl 5, but simply saying .assuming is nicer.