/ 
bioperl-1.0.2
/ Bio::SeqIO

NAME

Bio::SeqIO - Handler for SeqIO Formats

SYNOPSIS

    use Bio::SeqIO;

    $in  = Bio::SeqIO->new(-file => "inputfilename" , '-format' => 'Fasta');
    $out = Bio::SeqIO->new(-file => ">outputfilename" , '-format' => 'EMBL');
    # note: we quote -format to keep older perl's from complaining.

    while ( my $seq = $in->next_seq() ) {
	$out->write_seq($seq);
    }

now, to actually get at the sequence object, use the standard Bio::Seq methods (look at Bio::Seq if you don't know what they are)

use Bio::SeqIO;

$in  = Bio::SeqIO->new(-file => "inputfilename" , '-format' => 'genbank');

while ( my $seq = $in->next_seq() ) {
   print "Sequence ",$seq->id," first 10 bases ",$seq->subseq(1,10),"\n";
}

the SeqIO system does have a filehandle binding. Most people find this a little confusing, but it does mean you write the worlds smallest reformatter

use Bio::SeqIO;

$in  = Bio::SeqIO->newFh(-file => "inputfilename" , '-format' => 'Fasta');
$out = Bio::SeqIO->newFh('-format' => 'EMBL');

# World's shortest Fasta<->EMBL format converter:
print $out $_ while <$in>;

DESCRIPTION

Bio::SeqIO is a handler module for the formats in the SeqIO set (eg, Bio::SeqIO::fasta). It is the officially sanctioned way of getting at the format objects, which most people should use.

The Bio::SeqIO system can be thought of like biological file handles. They are attached to filehandles with smart formatting rules (eg, genbank format, or EMBL format, or binary trace file format) and can either read or write sequence objects (Bio::Seq objects, or more correctly, Bio::SeqI implementing objects, of which Bio::Seq is one such object). If you want to know what to do with a Bio::Seq object, read Bio::Seq

The idea is that you request a stream object for a particular format. All the stream objects have a notion of an internal file that is read from or written to. A particular SeqIO object instance is configured for either input or output. A specific example of a stream object is the Bio::SeqIO::fasta object.

Each stream object has functions

$stream->next_seq();

and

$stream->write_seq($seq);

also

$stream->type() # returns 'INPUT' or 'OUTPUT'

As an added bonus, you can recover a filehandle that is tied to the SeqIO object, allowing you to use the standard <> and print operations to read and write sequence objects:

    use Bio::SeqIO;

    $stream = Bio::SeqIO->newFh(-format => 'Fasta'); # read from standard input

    while ( $seq = <$stream> ) {
	# do something with $seq
    }

and

print $stream $seq; # when stream is in output mode

This makes the simplest ever reformatter

#!/usr/local/bin/perl

$format1 = shift;
$format2 = shift || die "Usage: reformat format1 format2 < input > output";

use Bio::SeqIO;

$in  = Bio::SeqIO->newFh(-format => $format1 );
$out = Bio::SeqIO->newFh(-format => $format2 );
#note: you might want to quote -format to keep older perl's from complaining.

print $out $_ while <$in>;

CONSTRUCTORS

Bio::SeqIO->new()

$seqIO = Bio::SeqIO->new(-file => 'filename',   -format=>$format);
$seqIO = Bio::SeqIO->new(-fh   => \*FILEHANDLE, -format=>$format);
$seqIO = Bio::SeqIO->new(-format => $format);

The new() class method constructs a new Bio::SeqIO object. The returned object can be used to retrieve or print Seq objects. new() accepts the following parameters:

-file

A file path to be opened for reading or writing. The usual Perl conventions apply:

'file'       # open file for reading
'>file'      # open file for writing
'>>file'     # open file for appending
'+<file'     # open file read/write
'command |'  # open a pipe from the command
'| command'  # open a pipe to the command
-fh

You may provide new() with a previously-opened filehandle. For example, to read from STDIN:

$seqIO = Bio::SeqIO->new(-fh => \*STDIN);

Note that you must pass filehandles as references to globs.

If neither a filehandle nor a filename is specified, then the module will read from the @ARGV array or STDIN, using the familiar <> semantics.

A string filehandle is handy if you want to modify the output in the memory, before printing it out. The following program reads in EMBL formatted entries from a file and prints them out in fasta format with some HTML tags:

use Bio::SeqIO;
use IO::String;
my $in  = Bio::SeqIO->new('-file' => "emblfile" , 
			    '-format' => 'EMBL');
while ( my $seq = $in->next_seq() ) {
    # the output handle is reset for every file
    my $stringio = IO::String->new($string);
    my $out = Bio::SeqIO->new('-fh' => $stringio,
			        '-format' => 'fasta');
    # output goes into $string
    $out->write_seq($seq);
    # modify $string
    $string =~ s|(>)(\w+)|$1<font color="Red">$2</font>|g;
    # print into STDOUT
    print $string;
}
-format

Specify the format of the file. Supported formats include:

Fasta       FASTA format
EMBL        EMBL format
GenBank     GenBank format
swiss       Swissprot format
SCF         SCF tracefile format
PIR         Protein Information Resource format
GCG         GCG format
raw         Raw format (one sequence per line, no ID)
ace         ACeDB sequence format
game        GAME XML format
phd         phred output
qual        Quality values (get a sequence of quality scores)

If no format is specified and a filename is given, then the module will attempt to deduce it from the filename. If this is unsuccessful, Fasta format is assumed.

The format name is case insensitive. 'FASTA', 'Fasta' and 'fasta' are all supported.

Bio::SeqIO->newFh()

$fh = Bio::SeqIO->newFh(-fh   => \*FILEHANDLE, -format=>$format);
$fh = Bio::SeqIO->newFh(-format => $format);
# etc.

This constructor behaves like new(), but returns a tied filehandle rather than a Bio::SeqIO object. You can read sequences from this object using the familiar <> operator, and write to it using print(). The usual array and $_ semantics work. For example, you can read all sequence objects into an array like this:

@sequences = <$fh>;

Other operations, such as read(), sysread(), write(), close(), and printf() are not supported.

OBJECT METHODS

See below for more detailed summaries. The main methods are:

$sequence = $seqIO->next_seq()

Fetch the next sequence from the stream.

$seqIO->write_seq($sequence [,$another_sequence,...])

Write the specified sequence(s) to the stream.

TIEHANDLE(), READLINE(), PRINT()

These provide the tie interface. See perltie for more details.

FEEDBACK

Mailing Lists

User feedback is an integral part of the evolution of this and other Bioperl modules. Send your comments and suggestions preferably to one of the Bioperl mailing lists. Your participation is much appreciated.

bioperl-l@bioperl.org                  - General discussion
http://bioperl.org/MailList.shtml      - About the mailing lists

Reporting Bugs

Report bugs to the Bioperl bug tracking system to help us keep track the bugs and their resolution. Bug reports can be submitted via email or the web:

bioperl-bugs@bioperl.org
http://bioperl.org/bioperl-bugs/

AUTHOR - Ewan Birney, Lincoln Stein

Email birney@ebi.ac.uk

Describe contact details here

APPENDIX

The rest of the documentation details each of the object methods. Internal methods are usually preceded with a _

new

Title   : new
Usage   : $stream = Bio::SeqIO->new(-file => $filename, -format => 'Format')
Function: Returns a new seqstream
Returns : A Bio::SeqIO::Handler initialised with the appropriate format
Args    : -file => $filename
          -format => format
          -fh => filehandle to attach to

See Bio::SeqIO::Handler

newFh

Title   : newFh
Usage   : $fh = Bio::SeqIO->newFh(-file=>$filename,-format=>'Format')
Function: does a new() followed by an fh()
Example : $fh = Bio::SeqIO->newFh(-file=>$filename,-format=>'Format')
          $sequence = <$fh>;   # read a sequence object
          print $fh $sequence; # write a sequence object
Returns : filehandle tied to the Bio::SeqIO::Fh class
Args    :

See Bio::SeqIO::Fh

fh

Title   : fh
Usage   : $obj->fh
Function:
Example : $fh = $obj->fh;      # make a tied filehandle
          $sequence = <$fh>;   # read a sequence object
          print $fh $sequence; # write a sequence object
Returns : filehandle tied to the Bio::SeqIO::Fh class
Args    :

See Bio::SeqIO::Fh

next_seq

Title   : next_seq
Usage   : $seq = stream->next_seq
Function: Reads the next sequence object from the stream and returns it.

          Certain driver modules may encounter entries in the stream that
          are either misformatted or that use syntax not yet understood
          by the driver. If such an incident is recoverable, e.g., by
          dismissing a feature of a feature table or some other non-mandatory
          part of an entry, the driver will issue a warning. In the case
          of a non-recoverable situation an exception will be thrown.
          Do not assume that you can resume parsing the same stream after
          catching the exception. Note that you can always turn recoverable
          errors into exceptions by calling $stream->verbose(2).
Returns : a Bio::Seq sequence object
Args    : none

See Bio::Root::RootI

next_primary_seq

Title   : next_primary_seq
Usage   : $seq = $stream->next_primary_seq
Function: Provides a primaryseq type of sequence object
Returns : A Bio::PrimarySeqI object
Args    : none

See Bio::PrimarySeqI

write_seq

Title   : write_seq
Usage   : $stream->write_seq($seq)
Function: writes the $seq object into the stream
Returns : 1 for success and 0 for error
Args    : Bio::Seq object

alphabet

Title   : alphabet
Usage   : $self->alphabet($newval)
Function: Set/get the molecule type for the Seq objects to be created.
Example : $seqio->alphabet('protein')
Returns : value of alphabet: 'dna', 'rna', or 'protein'
Args    : newvalue (optional)
Throws  : Exception if the argument is not one of 'dna', 'rna', or 'protein'

_load_format_module

Title   : _load_format_module
Usage   : *INTERNAL SeqIO stuff*
Function: Loads up (like use) a module at run time on demand
Example :
Returns :
Args    :

_concatenate_lines

Title   : _concatenate_lines
Usage   : $s = _concatenate_lines($line, $continuation_line)
Function: Private. Concatenates two strings assuming that the second stems
          from a continuation line of the first. Adds a space between both
          unless the first ends with a dash.

          Takes care of either arg being empty.
Example :
Returns : A string.
Args    :

_filehandle

Title   : _filehandle
Usage   : $obj->_filehandle($newval)
Function: This method is deprecated. Call _fh() instead.
Example :
Returns : value of _filehandle
Args    : newvalue (optional)

_guess_format

Title   : _guess_format
Usage   : $obj->_guess_format($filename)
Function: guess format based on file suffix
Example :
Returns : guessed format of filename (lower case)
Args    :
Notes   : formats that _filehandle() will guess include fasta,
          genbank, scf, pir, embl, raw, gcg, ace, bsml, swissprot,
          and phd/phred