/ 
Filter-Simple-0.70
River stage three • 74 direct dependents • 333 total dependents
/ Filter::Simple

NAME

Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering

SYNOPSIS

 # in MyFilter.pm:

	 package MyFilter;

	 use Filter::Simple;
	 
	 FILTER { ... };

	 # or just:
	 #
	 # use Filter::Simple sub { ... };

 # in user's code:

	 use MyFilter;

	 # this code is filtered

	 no MyFilter;

	 # this code is not

DESCRIPTION

The Problem

Source filtering is an immensely powerful feature of recent versions of Perl. It allows one to extend the language itself (e.g. the Switch module), to simplify the language (e.g. Language::Pythonesque), or to completely recast the language (e.g. Lingua::Romana::Perligata). Effectively, it allows one to use the full power of Perl as its own, recursively applied, macro language.

The excellent Filter::Util::Call module (by Paul Marquess) provides a usable Perl interface to source filtering, but it is often too powerful and not nearly as simple as it could be.

To use the module it is necessary to do the following:

  1. Download, build, and install the Filter::Util::Call module. (If you have Perl 5.7.1 or later, this is already done for you.)

  2. Set up a module that does a use Filter::Util::Call.

  3. Within that module, create an import subroutine.

  4. Within the import subroutine do a call to filter_add, passing it either a subroutine reference.

  5. Within the subroutine reference, call filter_read or filter_read_exact to "prime" $_ with source code data from the source file that will use your module. Check the status value returned to see if any source code was actually read in.

  6. Process the contents of $_ to change the source code in the desired manner.

  7. Return the status value.

  8. If the act of unimporting your module (via a no) should cause source code filtering to cease, create an unimport subroutine, and have it call filter_del. Make sure that the call to filter_read or filter_read_exact in step 5 will not accidentally read past the no. Effectively this limits source code filters to line-by-line operation, unless the import subroutine does some fancy pre-pre-parsing of the source code it's filtering.

For example, here is a minimal source code filter in a module named BANG.pm. It simply converts every occurrence of the sequence BANG\s+BANG to the sequence die 'BANG' if $BANG in any piece of code following a use BANG; statement (until the next no BANG; statement, if any):

       package BANG;

       use Filter::Util::Call ;

       sub import {
           filter_add( sub {
               my $caller = caller;
               my ($status, $no_seen, $data);
               while ($status = filter_read()) {
                       if (/^\s*no\s+$caller\s*;\s*?$/) {
                               $no_seen=1;
                               last;
                       }
                       $data .= $_;
                       $_ = "";
               }
               $_ = $data;
               s/BANG\s+BANG/die 'BANG' if \$BANG/g
                       unless $status < 0;
               $_ .= "no $class;\n" if $no_seen;
               return 1;
           })
       }

       sub unimport {
           filter_del();
       }

       1 ;

This level of sophistication puts filtering out of the reach of many programmers.

A Solution

The Filter::Simple module provides a simplified interface to Filter::Util::Call; one that is sufficient for most common cases.

Instead of the above process, with Filter::Simple the task of setting up a source code filter is reduced to:

  1. Download and install the Filter::Simple module. (If you have Perl 5.7.1 or later, this is already done for you.)

  2. Set up a module that does a use Filter::Simple and then calls FILTER { ... }.

  3. Within the anonymous subroutine or block that is passed to FILTER, process the contents of $_ to change the source code in the desired manner.

In other words, the previous example, would become:

        package BANG;
        use Filter::Simple;
	
	FILTER {
            s/BANG\s+BANG/die 'BANG' if \$BANG/g;
        };

        1 ;

Disabling or changing <no> behaviour

By default, the installed filter only filters up to a line consisting of one of the three standard source "terminators":

no ModuleName;  # optional comment

or:

__END__

or:

__DATA__

but this can be altered by passing a second argument to use Filter::Simple or FILTER (just remember: there's no comma after the initial block when you use FILTER).

That second argument may be either a qr'd regular expression (which is then used to match the terminator line), or a defined false value (which indicates that no terminator line should be looked for), or a reference to a hash (in which case the terminator is the value associated with the key 'terminator'.

For example, to cause the previous filter to filter only up to a line of the form:

GNAB esu;

you would write:

        package BANG;
        use Filter::Simple;
	
	FILTER {
                s/BANG\s+BANG/die 'BANG' if \$BANG/g;
        }
        qr/^\s*GNAB\s+esu\s*;\s*?$/;

or:

	FILTER {
                s/BANG\s+BANG/die 'BANG' if \$BANG/g;
        }
        { terminator => qr/^\s*GNAB\s+esu\s*;\s*?$/ };

and to prevent the filter's being turned off in any way:

        package BANG;
        use Filter::Simple;
	
	FILTER {
                s/BANG\s+BANG/die 'BANG' if \$BANG/g;
        }
        "";    # or: 0

or:

	FILTER {
                s/BANG\s+BANG/die 'BANG' if \$BANG/g;
        }
        { terminator => "" };

Note that, no matter what you set the terminator pattern too, the actual terminator itself must be contained on a single source line.

All-in-one interface

Separating the loading of Filter::Simple:

use Filter::Simple;

from the setting up of the filtering:

FILTER { ... };

is useful because it allows other code (typically parser support code or caching variables) to be defined before the filter is invoked. However, there is often no need for such a separation.

In those cases, it is easier to just append the filtering subroutine and any terminator specification directly to the use statement that loads Filter::Simple, like so:

use Filter::Simple sub {
        s/BANG\s+BANG/die 'BANG' if \$BANG/g;
};

This is exactly the same as:

        use Filter::Simple;
	BEGIN {
		Filter::Simple::FILTER {
			s/BANG\s+BANG/die 'BANG' if \$BANG/g;
		};
	}

except that the FILTER subroutine is not exported by Filter::Simple.

Filtering only specific components of source code

One of the problems with a filter like:

        use Filter::Simple;

	FILTER { s/BANG\s+BANG/die 'BANG' if \$BANG/g };

is that it indiscriminately applies the specified transformation to the entire text of your source program. So something like:

warn 'BANG BANG, YOU'RE DEAD';
BANG BANG;

will become:

warn 'die 'BANG' if $BANG, YOU'RE DEAD';
die 'BANG' if $BANG;

It is very common when filtering source to only want to apply the filter to the non-character-string parts of the code, or alternatively to only the character strings.

Filter::Simple supports this type of filtering by automatically exporting the FILTER_ONLY subroutine.

FILTER_ONLY takes a sequence of specifiers that install separate (and possibly multiple) filters that act on only parts of the source code. For example:

use Filter::Simple;

FILTER_ONLY
	code      => sub { s/BANG\s+BANG/die 'BANG' if \$BANG/g },
	quotelike => sub { s/BANG\s+BANG/CHITTY CHITYY/g };

The "code" subroutine will only be used to filter parts of the source code that are not quotelikes, POD, or __DATA__. The quotelike subroutine only filters Perl quotelikes (including here documents).

The full list of alternatives is:

"code"

Filters only those sections of the source code that are not quotelikes, POD, or __DATA__.

"executable"

Filters only those sections of the source code that are not POD or __DATA__.

"quotelike"

Filters only Perl quotelikes (as interpreted by &Text::Balanced::extract_quotelike).

"string"

Filters only the string literal parts of a Perl quotelike (i.e. the contents of a string literal, either half of a tr///, the second half of an s///).

"regex"

Filters only the pattern literal parts of a Perl quotelike (i.e. the contents of a qr// or an m//, the first half of an s///).

"all"

Filters everything. Identical in effect to FILTER.

Except for FILTER_ONLY code => sub {...}, each of the component filters is called repeatedly, once for each component found in the source code.

Note that you can also apply two or more of the same type of filter in a single FILTER_ONLY. For example, here's a simple macro-preprocessor that is only applied within regexes, with a final debugging pass that printd the resulting source code:

use Regexp::Common;
FILTER_ONLY
	regex => sub { s/!\[/[^/g },
	regex => sub { s/%d/$RE{num}{int}/g },
	regex => sub { s/%f/$RE{num}{real}/g },
	all   => sub { print if $::DEBUG };

Filtering only the code parts of source code

Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the 'code' component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial filters described in the previous section.

Rather than calling the specified processor on each individual piece of code (i.e. on the bits between quotelikes), the 'code' partial filter operates on the entire source code, but with the quotelike bits "blanked out".

That is, a 'code' filter replaces each quoted string, quotelike, regex, POD, and __DATA__ section with a placeholder. The delimiters of this placeholder are the contents of the $; variable at the time the filter is applied (normally "\034"). The remaining four bytes are a unique identifier for the component being replaced.

This approach makes it comparatively easy to write code preprocessors without worrying about the form or contents of strings, regexes, etc. For convenience, during a 'code' filtering operation, Filter::Simple provides a package variable ($Filter::Simple::placeholder) that contains a pre-compiled regex that matches any placeholder. Placeholders can be moved and re-ordered within the source code as needed.

Once the filtering has been applied, the original strings, regexes, POD, etc. are re-inserted into the code, by replacing each placeholder with the corresponding original component.

For example, the following filter detects concatentated pairs of strings/quotelikes and reverses the order in which they are concatenated:

package DemoRevCat;
use Filter::Simple;

FILTER_ONLY code => sub { my $ph = $Filter::Simple::placeholder;
                          s{ ($ph) \s* [.] \s* ($ph) }{ $2.$1 }gx
                    };

Thus, the following code:

use DemoRevCat;

my $str = "abc" . q(def);

print "$str\n";

would become:

my $str = q(def)."abc";

print "$str\n";

and hence print:

defabc

Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together

You can't directly use Exporter when Filter::Simple.

Filter::Simple generates an import subroutine for your module (which hides the one inherited from Exporter).

The FILTER code you specify will, however, receive the import's complete argument list (including the package name in $_[0]), so you can use that filter block as your import subroutine.

You'll need to call Exporter::export_to_level from your FILTER code to make it work correctly.

For example:

use Filter::Simple;

use base Exporter;
@EXPORT    = qw(foo);
@EXPORT_OK = qw(bar);

sub foo { print "foo\n" }
sub bar { print "bar\n" }

FILTER {
        # Your filtering code here
        __PACKAGE__->export_to_level(2,@_);
}

How it works

The Filter::Simple module exports into the package that calls FILTER (or uses it directly) -- such as package "BANG" in the above example -- two automagically constructed subroutines -- import and unimport -- which take care of all the nasty details.

In addition, the generated import subroutine passes its own argument list to the filtering subroutine, so the BANG.pm filter could easily be made parametric:

       package BANG;

       use Filter::Simple;
       
       FILTER {
           my ($die_msg, $var_name) = @_;
           s/BANG\s+BANG/die '$die_msg' if \${$var_name}/g;
       };

       # and in some user code:

       use BANG "BOOM", "BAM";  # "BANG BANG" becomes: die 'BOOM' if $BAM

The specified filtering subroutine is called every time a use BANG is encountered, and passed all the source code following that call, up to either the next no BANG; (or whatever terminator you've set) or the end of the source file, whichever occurs first. By default, any no BANG; call must appear by itself on a separate line, or it is ignored.

AUTHOR

Damian Conway (damian@conway.org)

COPYRIGHT

Copyright (c) 2000-2001, Damian Conway. All Rights Reserved.
This module is free software. It may be used, redistributed
    and/or modified under the same terms as Perl itself.