/ 
Moose-2.0010
River stage four • 2950 direct dependents • 4061 total dependents
/ Moose::Cookbook::Meta::Recipe7

NAME

Moose::Cookbook::Meta::Recipe7 - Creating a glob reference meta-instance class

VERSION

version 2.0010

SYNOPSIS

package My::Meta::Instance;

use Scalar::Util qw( weaken );
use Symbol qw( gensym );

use Moose;
extends 'Moose::Meta::Instance';

sub create_instance {
    my $self = shift;
    my $sym = gensym();
    bless $sym, $self->_class_name;
}

sub clone_instance {
    my ( $self, $instance ) = @_;

    my $new_sym = gensym();
    %{*$new_sym} = %{*$instance};

    bless $new_sym, $self->_class_name;
}

sub get_slot_value {
    my ( $self, $instance, $slot_name ) = @_;
    return *$instance->{$slot_name};
}

sub set_slot_value {
    my ( $self, $instance, $slot_name, $value ) = @_;
    *$instance->{$slot_name} = $value;
}

sub deinitialize_slot {
    my ( $self, $instance, $slot_name ) = @_;
    delete *$instance->{$slot_name};;
}

sub is_slot_initialized {
    my ( $self, $instance, $slot_name, $value ) = @_;
    exists *$instance->{$slot_name};;
}

sub weaken_slot_value {
    my ( $self, $instance, $slot_name ) = @_;
    weaken *$instance->{$slot_name};;
}

sub inline_create_instance {
    my ( $self, $class_variable ) = @_;
    return 'do { my $sym = Symbol::gensym(); bless $sym, ' . $class_variable . ' }';
}

sub inline_slot_access {
    my ( $self, $instance, $slot_name ) = @_;
    return '*{' . $instance . '}->{' . $slot_name . '}';
}

package MyApp::User;

use metaclass 'Moose::Meta::Class' =>
    ( instance_metaclass => 'My::Meta::Instance' );

use Moose;

has 'name' => (
    is  => 'rw',
    isa => 'Str',
);

has 'email' => (
    is  => 'rw',
    isa => 'Str',
);

DESCRIPTION

This recipe shows how to build your own meta-instance. The meta instance is the metaclass that creates object instances and helps manages access to attribute slots.

In this example, we're creating a meta-instance that is based on a glob reference rather than a hash reference. This example is largely based on the Piotr Roszatycki's MooseX::GlobRef module.

Our class is a subclass of Moose::Meta::Instance, which creates hash reference based objects. We need to override all the methods which make assumptions about the object's data structure.

The first method we override is create_instance:

sub create_instance {
    my $self = shift;
    my $sym = gensym();
    bless $sym, $self->_class_name;
}

This returns an glob reference which has been blessed into our meta-instance's associated class.

We also override clone_instance to create a new array reference:

sub clone_instance {
    my ( $self, $instance ) = @_;

    my $new_sym = gensym();
    %{*$new_sym} = %{*$instance};

    bless $new_sym, $self->_class_name;
}

After that, we have a series of methods which mediate access to the object's slots (attributes are stored in "slots"). In the default instance class, these expect the object to be a hash reference, but we need to change this to expect a glob reference instead.

sub get_slot_value {
    my ( $self, $instance, $slot_name ) = @_;
    *$instance->{$slot_name};;
}

This level of indirection probably makes our instance class slower than the default. However, when attribute access is inlined, this lookup will be cached:

sub inline_create_instance {
    my ( $self, $class_variable ) = @_;
    return 'do { my $sym = Symbol::gensym(); bless $sym, ' . $class_variable . ' }';
}

The code snippet that the inline_slot_access method returns will get eval'd once per attribute.

Finally, we use this meta-instance in our MyApp::User class:

use metaclass 'Moose::Meta::Class' =>
    ( instance_metaclass => 'My::Meta::Instance' );

We actually don't recommend the use of metaclass in most cases. However, the other ways of using alternate metaclasses are more complex, and would complicate our example code unnecessarily.

CONCLUSION

This recipe shows how to create your own meta-instance class. It's unlikely that you'll need to do this yourself, but it's interesting to take a peek at how Moose works under the hood.

SEE ALSO

There are a few meta-instance class extensions on CPAN:

  • MooseX::Singleton

    This module extends the instance class in order to ensure that the object is a singleton. The instance it uses is still a blessed hash reference.

  • MooseX::GlobRef

    This module makes the instance a blessed glob reference. This lets you use a handle as an object instance.

AUTHOR

Stevan Little <stevan@iinteractive.com>

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

This software is copyright (c) 2011 by Infinity Interactive, Inc..

This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.