NAME

perltoc - perl documentation table of contents

DESCRIPTION

This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section you're looking for.

BASIC DOCUMENTATION

perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AVAILABILITY
ENVIRONMENT
AUTHOR
FILES
SEE ALSO
DIAGNOSTICS
BUGS
NOTES

perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23 20:38:02 $)

DESCRIPTION

perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
perlfaq1: General Questions About Perl
perlfaq2: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
perlfaq3: Programming Tools
perlfaq4: Data Manipulation
perlfaq5: Files and Formats
perlfaq6: Regexps
perlfaq7: General Perl Language Issues
perlfaq8: System Interaction
perlfaq9: Networking

About the perlfaq documents

Where to get the perlfaq
How to contribute to the perlfaq
What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the authors

Credits

Author and Copyright Information

Bundled Distributions
Disclaimer

Changes

1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97

perlbook - Perl book information

DESCRIPTION

perlsyn - Perl syntax

DESCRIPTION

Declarations
Simple statements
Compound statements
Loop Control
For Loops
Foreach Loops
Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
Goto
PODs: Embedded Documentation
Plain Old Comments (Not!)

perldata - Perl data types

DESCRIPTION

Variable names
Context
Scalar values
Scalar value constructors
List value constructors
Slices
Typeglobs and Filehandles

SEE ALSO

perlop - Perl operators and precedence

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
The Arrow Operator
Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
Exponentiation
Symbolic Unary Operators
Binding Operators
Multiplicative Operators
Additive Operators
Shift Operators
Named Unary Operators
Relational Operators
Equality Operators
Bitwise And
Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
C-style Logical And
C-style Logical Or
Range Operators
Conditional Operator
Assignment Operators
Comma Operator
List Operators (Rightward)
Logical Not
Logical And
Logical or and Exclusive Or
C Operators Missing From Perl: unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
Quote and Quote-like Operators
Regexp Quote-Like Operators: ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, 'STRING', qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
Gory details of parsing quoted constructs: Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, <<'EOF', m'', s''', tr///, y///, '', q//, "", ``, qq//, qx//, <file*glob>, ?RE?, /RE/, m/RE/, s/RE/foo/,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of regular expressions
I/O Operators
Constant Folding
Bitwise String Operators
Integer Arithmetic
Floating-point Arithmetic
Bigger Numbers

perlsub - Perl subroutines

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Private Variables via my()
Persistent Private Variables
Temporary Values via local()
Lvalue subroutines
Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
When to Still Use local()
Pass by Reference
Prototypes
Constant Functions
Overriding Built-in Functions
Autoloading
Subroutine Attributes

SEE ALSO

perlfunc - Perl builtin functions

DESCRIPTION

Perl Functions by Category: Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted in perl5
Portability
Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions: -X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, abs VALUE, abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock, log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///

perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references

DESCRIPTION

Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?

The Solution

Syntax

Making References
Using References

An Example

Arrow Rule

Solution

The Rest

Summary

Credits

Distribution Conditions

perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook

DESCRIPTION

arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs

REFERENCES

COMMON MISTAKES

CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE

WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS use strict

DEBUGGING

CODE EXAMPLES

ARRAYS OF ARRAYS

Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS

HASHES OF ARRAYS

Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS

ARRAYS OF HASHES

Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES

HASHES OF HASHES

Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES

MORE ELABORATE RECORDS

Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS

Database Ties

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start

DESCRIPTION

The Guide

Simple word matching
Using character classes
Matching this or that
Grouping things and hierarchical matching
Extracting matches
Matching repetitions
More matching
Search and replace
The split operator

BUGS

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

Acknowledgments

perlpod - plain old documentation

DESCRIPTION

Verbatim Paragraph
Command Paragraph
Ordinary Block of Text
The Intent
Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
Common Pod Pitfalls

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

perlstyle - Perl style guide

DESCRIPTION

perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary

DESCRIPTION

Awk Traps
C Traps
Sed Traps
Shell Traps
Perl Traps
Perl4 to Perl5 Traps: Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps: Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
Parsing Traps: Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
Numerical Traps: Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
General data type traps: (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
Context Traps - scalar, list contexts: (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
Precedence Traps: Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence
General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.: Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression
Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps: (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
OS Traps: (SysV), (SysV)
Interpolation Traps: Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
DBM Traps: DBM, DBM
Unclassified Traps: require/do trap using returned value, split on empty string with LIMIT specified

perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

#! and quoting on non-Unix systems: OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
Location of Perl
Command Switches: -0[digits], -a, -C, -c, -d, -d:foo[=bar,baz], -Dletters, -Dnumber, -e commandline, -Fpattern, -h, -i[extension], -Idirectory, -l[octnum], -m[-]module, -M[-]module, -M[-]'module ...', -[mM][-]module=arg[,arg]..., -n, -p, -P, -s, -S, -T, -u, -U, -v, -V, -V:name, -w, -W, -X, -x directory

ENVIRONMENT

HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)

perldiag - various Perl diagnostics

DESCRIPTION

perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings

DESCRIPTION

Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
What's wrong with -w and $^W
Controlling Warnings from the Command Line: -w, -W, -X
Backward Compatibility
Category Hierarchy
Fatal Warnings
Reporting Warnings from a Module

TODO

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial

DESCRIPTION
use strict
Looking at data and -w and w
help
Stepping through code
Placeholder for a, w, t, T
REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
OUTPUT TIPS
CGI
GUIs
SUMMARY
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
CONTRIBUTORS

perldebug - Perl debugging

DESCRIPTION

The Perl Debugger

Debugger Commands: h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
Configurable Options: recallCommand, ShellBang, pager, tkRunning, signalLevel, warnLevel, dieLevel, AutoTrace, LineInfo, inhibit_exit, PrintRet, ornaments, frame, maxTraceLen, arrayDepth, hashDepth, compactDump, veryCompact, globPrint, DumpDBFiles, DumpPackages, DumpReused, quote, HighBit, undefPrint, UsageOnly, TTY, noTTY, ReadLine, NonStop
Debugger input/output: Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame listing
Debugging compile-time statements
Debugger Customization
Readline Support
Editor Support for Debugging
The Perl Profiler

Debugging regular expressions

Debugging memory usage

SEE ALSO

BUGS

perlvar - Perl predefined variables

DESCRIPTION

Predefined Names: $ARG, $_, $<digits>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, $` is the same as substr($var, 0, $-[0]), $& is the same as substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]), $' is the same as substr($var, $+[0]), $1 is the same as substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1]), $2 is the same as substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2]), $3 is the same as substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3]), format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
Error Indicators
Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names

BUGS

perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl

DESCRIPTION
Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
Growing Your Own
Access and Printing
Slices
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl

DESCRIPTION

Open à la shell

Simple Opens
Pipe Opens
The Minus File
Mixing Reads and Writes
Filters

Open à la C

Permissions à la mode

Obscure Open Tricks

Re-Opening Files (dups)
Dispelling the Dweomer
Paths as Opens
Single Argument Open
Playing with STDIN and STDOUT

Other I/O Issues

Opening Non-File Files
Binary Files
File Locking

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT

HISTORY

perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial

DESCRIPTION

Part 1: The basics

Simple word matching
Using character classes
Matching this or that
Grouping things and hierarchical matching
Extracting matches
Matching repetitions
Building a regexp
Using regular expressions in Perl

Part 2: Power tools

More on characters, strings, and character classes
Compiling and saving regular expressions
Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
Non-capturing groupings
Looking ahead and looking behind
Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
Conditional expressions
A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
Pragmas and debugging

BUGS

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

Acknowledgments

perlre - Perl regular expressions

DESCRIPTION

i, m, s, x

Regular Expressions: cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
Extended Patterns: (?#text), (?imsx-imsx), (?:pattern), (?imsx-imsx:pattern), (?=pattern), (?!pattern), (?<=pattern), (?<!pattern), (?{ code }), (??{ code }), (?>pattern), (?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern), (?(condition)yes-pattern)
Backtracking
Version 8 Regular Expressions
Warning on \1 vs $1
Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
Combining pieces together: ST, S|T, S{REPEAT_COUNT}, S{min,max}, S{min,max}?, S?, S*, S+, S??, S*?, S+?, (?>S), (?=S), (?<=S), (?!S), (?<!S), (??{ EXPR }), (?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)
Creating custom RE engines

BUGS

SEE ALSO

perlref - Perl references and nested data structures

NOTE

DESCRIPTION

Making References
Using References
Symbolic references
Not-so-symbolic references
Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
Function Templates

WARNING

SEE ALSO

perlform - Perl formats

DESCRIPTION

Format Variables

NOTES

Footers
Accessing Formatting Internals

WARNINGS

perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial

DESCRIPTION

If we could talk to the animals...
Introducing the method invocation arrow
Invoking a barnyard
The extra parameter of method invocation
Calling a second method to simplify things
Inheriting the windpipes
A few notes about @ISA
Overriding the methods
Starting the search from a different place
The SUPER way of doing things
Where we're at so far...
A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
Invoking an instance method
Accessing the instance data
How to build a horse
Inheriting the constructor
Making a method work with either classes or instances
Adding parameters to a method
More interesting instances
A horse of a different color
Summary

SEE ALSO

COPYRIGHT

perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl

DESCRIPTION

Creating a Class

Object Representation
Class Interface
Constructors and Instance Methods
Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
Destructors
Other Object Methods

Class Data

Accessing Class Data
Debugging Methods
Class Destructors
Documenting the Interface

Aggregation

Inheritance

Overridden Methods
Multiple Inheritance
UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects

Alternate Object Representations

Arrays as Objects
Closures as Objects

AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods

Autoloaded Data Methods
Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods

Metaclassical Tools

Class::Struct
Data Members as Variables

NOTES

Object Terminology

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

COPYRIGHT

Acknowledgments

perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl

DESCRIPTION

Class Data as Package Variables

Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
Inheritance Concerns
The Eponymous Meta-Object
Indirect References to Class Data
Monadic Classes
Translucent Attributes

Class Data as Lexical Variables

Privacy and Responsibility
File-Scoped Lexicals
More Inheritance Concerns
Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
Translucency Revisited

NOTES

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

HISTORY

perlobj - Perl objects

DESCRIPTION

An Object is Simply a Reference
A Class is Simply a Package
A Method is Simply a Subroutine
Method Invocation
WARNING
Default UNIVERSAL methods: isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
Destructors
Summary
Two-Phased Garbage Collection

SEE ALSO

perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)

DESCRIPTION
OO SCALING TIPS
INSTANCE VARIABLES
SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
THINKING OF CODE REUSE
CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
DELEGATION

perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Tying Scalars: TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
Tying Arrays: TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
Tying Hashes: USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
Tying FileHandles: TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
UNTIE this
The untie Gotcha

SEE ALSO

BUGS

AUTHOR

perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)

DESCRIPTION

Signals

Named Pipes

WARNING

Using open() for IPC

Filehandles
Background Processes
Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
Safe Pipe Opens
Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
Bidirectional Communication with Yourself

Sockets: Client/Server Communication

Internet Line Terminators
Internet TCP Clients and Servers
Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers

TCP Clients with IO::Socket

A Simple Client: Proto, PeerAddr, PeerPort
A Webget Client
Interactive Client with IO::Socket

TCP Servers with IO::Socket

Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse

UDP: Message Passing

SysV IPC

NOTES

BUGS

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes: $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to files, directories and network sockets
Resource limits
Killing the parent process
Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS: BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger application, Thread-safety of extensions

BUGS

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Storing numbers
Numeric operators and numeric conversions
Flavors of Perl numeric operations: Arithmetic operators except, no integer, Arithmetic operators except, use integer, Bitwise operators, no integer, Bitwise operators, use integer, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a string
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl

DESCRIPTION

What Is A Thread Anyway?

Threaded Program Models

Boss/Worker
Work Crew
Pipeline

Native threads

What kind of threads are perl threads?

Threadsafe Modules

Thread Basics

Basic Thread Support
Creating Threads
Giving up control
Waiting For A Thread To Exit
Errors In Threads
Ignoring A Thread

Threads And Data

Shared And Unshared Data
Thread Pitfall: Races
Controlling access: lock()
Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
Queues: Passing Data Around

Threads And Code

Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access: Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
Subroutine Locks
Methods
Locking A Subroutine

General Thread Utility Routines

What Thread Am I In?
Thread IDs
Are These Threads The Same?
What Threads Are Running?

A Complete Example

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introductory Texts
OS-Related References
Other References

Acknowledgements

AUTHOR

Copyrights

perlport - Writing portable Perl

DESCRIPTION

Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already is portable

ISSUES

Newlines
Numbers endianness and Width
Files and Filesystems
System Interaction
Interprocess Communication (IPC)
External Subroutines (XS)
Standard Modules
Time and Date
Character sets and character encoding
Internationalisation
System Resources
Security
Style

CPAN Testers

Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: http://testers.cpan.org/

PLATFORMS

Unix
DOS and Derivatives: Build instructions for OS/2, perlos2
Mac OS
VMS
VOS
EBCDIC Platforms
Acorn RISC OS
Other perls

FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS

Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions: -X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS

CHANGES

v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998

Supported Platforms

SEE ALSO

AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS

VERSION

perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization)

DESCRIPTION

PREPARING TO USE LOCALES

USING LOCALES

The use locale pragma
The setlocale function
Finding locales
LOCALE PROBLEMS
Temporarily fixing locale problems
Permanently fixing locale problems
Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
Fixing system locale configuration
The localeconv function

LOCALE CATEGORIES

Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
LC_TIME
Other categories

SECURITY

ENVIRONMENT

PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG

NOTES

Backward compatibility
I18N:Collate obsolete
Sort speed and memory use impacts
write() and LC_NUMERIC
Freely available locale definitions
I18n and l10n
An imperfect standard

BUGS

Broken systems

SEE ALSO

HISTORY

perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl

DESCRIPTION

Important Caveat: Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, use utf8 still needed to enable a few features
Byte and Character semantics
Effects of character semantics
Character encodings for input and output

CAVEATS

SEE ALSO

perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms

DESCRIPTION

COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS

ASCII
ISO 8859
Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
EBCDIC
13 variant characters
0037
1047
POSIX-BC

SINGLE OCTET TABLES

recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4

IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS

CONVERSIONS

tr///
iconv
C RTL

OPERATOR DIFFERENCES

FUNCTION DIFFERENCES

chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()

REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES

SOCKETS

SORTING

Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
MONO CASE then sort data.
Convert, sort data, then re convert.
Perform sorting on one type of machine only.

TRANFORMATION FORMATS

URL decoding and encoding
uu encoding and decoding
Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
Caesarian cyphers

Hashing order and checksums

I18N AND L10N

MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS

OS ISSUES

OS/400: IFS access
OS/390: chcp, dataset access, OS/390 iconv, locales
VM/ESA?
POSIX-BC?

BUGS

SEE ALSO

REFERENCES

AUTHOR

perlsec - Perl security

DESCRIPTION

Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
Switches On the "#!" Line
Cleaning Up Your Path
Security Bugs
Protecting Your Programs

SEE ALSO

perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)

DESCRIPTION

Packages
Symbol Tables
Package Constructors and Destructors
Perl Classes
Perl Modules

SEE ALSO

perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones

DESCRIPTION

THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY

Pragmatic Modules: attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings, warnings::register
Standard Modules: AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, Opcode, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
Extension Modules

CPAN

Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages, File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing, Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption, World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities, Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities, Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe, North America, South America

Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse

Guidelines for Module Creation: Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, README and other Additional Files, A description of the module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take care when changing a released module
Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules: There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
Guidelines for Reusing Application Code: Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small

NOTE

perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules

DESCRIPTION

PREAMBLE: DECOMPRESS the file, UNPACK the file into a directory, BUILD the module (sometimes unnecessary), INSTALL the module

PORTABILITY

HEY

AUTHOR

COPYRIGHT

perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution

DESCRIPTION

Warning
What should I make into a module?
Step-by-step: Preparing the ground: Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
Step-by-step: Making the module: Start with h2xs, Use strict and warnings, Use Carp, Use Exporter - wisely!, Use plain old documentation, Write tests, Write the README
Step-by-step: Distributing your module: Get a CPAN user ID, perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist, Upload the tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)

DESCRIPTION

What is Perl?
Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
Which version of Perl should I use?
What are perl4 and perl5?
What is perl6?
How stable is Perl?
Is Perl difficult to learn?
How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?
Can I do [task] in Perl?
When shouldn't I program in Perl?
What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
What is a JAPH?
Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $, $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)

DESCRIPTION

What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
How can I get a binary version of Perl?
I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't work.
I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?
Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
Where can I get information on Perl?
What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
Where should I post source code?
Perl Books: References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
Perl in Magazines
Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
What mailing lists are there for Perl?
Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
Where do I send bug reports?
What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)

DESCRIPTION

How do I do (anything)?
How can I use Perl interactively?
Is there a Perl shell?
How do I debug my Perl programs?
How do I profile my Perl programs?
How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
Is there a ctags for Perl?
Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
How can I use curses with Perl?
How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
What is undump?
How can I make my Perl program run faster?
How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
How can I compile Perl into Java?
How can I get #!perl to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C program; what am I doing wrong?
When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
What's MakeMaker?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 20:37:49 $)

DESCRIPTION

Data: Numbers

Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?
How do I convert bits into ints?
Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
How do I multiply matrices?
How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
How can I output Roman numerals?
Why aren't my random numbers random?

Data: Dates

How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
How do I find the current century or millennium?
How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
How can I find the Julian Day?
How do I find yesterday's date?
Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?

Data: Strings

How do I validate input?
How do I unescape a string?
How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
How do I expand function calls in a string?
How do I find matching/nesting anything?
How do I reverse a string?
How do I expand tabs in a string?
How do I reformat a paragraph?
How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?
How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside [character]? (Comma-separated files)
How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
How do I extract selected columns from a string?
How do I find the soundex value of a string?
How can I expand variables in text strings?
What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
Why don't my <<HERE documents work?: 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of the tag

Data: Arrays

What is the difference between a list and an array?
What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?: a), b), c), d), e)
How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays?
How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
How do I handle linked lists?
How do I handle circular lists?
How do I shuffle an array randomly?
How do I process/modify each element of an array?
How do I select a random element from an array?
How do I permute N elements of a list?
How do I sort an array by (anything)?
How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?

Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)

How do I process an entire hash?
What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it?
How do I look up a hash element by value?
How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
How can I always keep my hash sorted?
What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it?
How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays?
How can I use a reference as a hash key?

Data: Misc

How do I handle binary data correctly?
How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
How do I define methods for every class/object?
How do I verify a credit card checksum?
How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)

DESCRIPTION

How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
How do I count the number of lines in a file?
How do I make a temporary file name?
How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
How can I write() into a string?
How can I output my numbers with commas added?
How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
How can I reliably rename a file?
How can I lock a file?
Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?
How do I randomly update a binary file?
How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
How do I print to more than one file at once?
How can I read in an entire file all at once?
How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
How do I do a tail -f in perl?
How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
How do I close a file descriptor by number?
Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does -i clobber protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
How do I select a random line from a file?
Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)

DESCRIPTION

How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and unmaintainable code?: Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on different lines?
I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving case on the RHS?
How can I make \w match national character sets?
How can I match a locale-smart version of /[a-zA-Z]/?
How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
What is /o really for?
How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file?
Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
How do I process each word on each line?
How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
How can I do approximate matching?
How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
Why don't word-boundary searches with \b work for me?
Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
What good is \G in a regular expression?
Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)

DESCRIPTION

Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to use them?
Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and commas?
How do I skip some return values?
How do I temporarily block warnings?
What's an extension?
Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
How do I declare/create a structure?
How do I create a module?
How do I create a class?
How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
What's a closure?
What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?: Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, Passing Methods
How do I create a static variable?
What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between local() and my()?
How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical is in scope?
What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
How do I create a switch or case statement?
How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
How can I find out my current package?
How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
How do I clear a package?
How can I use a variable as a variable name?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 18:37:57 $)

DESCRIPTION

How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
How come exec() doesn't return?
How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?: Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
How do I print something out in color?
How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
How do I clear the screen?
How do I get the screen size?
How do I ask the user for a password?
How do I read and write the serial port?: lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
How do I decode encrypted password files?
How do I start a process in the background?: STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
How do I trap control characters/signals?
How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
How do I set the time and date?
How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
How can I measure time under a second?
How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
How can I call backticks without shell processing?
Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?
How can I convert my shell script to perl?
Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
How can I write expect in Perl?
Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as "ps"?
I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?: Unix
How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?
How do I fork a daemon process?
How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
How do I timeout a slow event?
How do I set CPU limits?
How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
How do I use an SQL database?
How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
How do I open a file without blocking?
How do I install a module from CPAN?
What's the difference between require and use?
How do I keep my own module/library directory?
How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library search path?
How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
What is socket.ph and where do I get it?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)

DESCRIPTION

My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 Server Error)
How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
How do I remove HTML from a string?
How do I extract URLs?
How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on another machine?
How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
How do I fetch an HTML file?
How do I automate an HTML form submission?
How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
How do I redirect to another page?
How do I put a password on my web pages?
How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?
How do I parse a mail header?
How do I decode a CGI form?
How do I check a valid mail address?
How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
How do I return the user's mail address?
How do I send mail?
How do I read mail?
How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
How can I do RPC in Perl?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator

DESCRIPTION

Layout: B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref

Using The Back Ends

The Cross Referencing Back End: i, &, s, r
The Decompiling Back End
The Lint Back End
The Simple C Back End
The Bytecode Back End
The Optimized C Back End: B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref

KNOWN PROBLEMS

AUTHOR

perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program

DESCRIPTION

PREAMBLE: Use C from Perl?, Use a Unix program from Perl?, Use Perl from Perl?, Use C from C?, Use Perl from C?
ROADMAP
Compiling your C program
Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
Maintaining a persistent interpreter
Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C program

Embedding Perl under Win32

MORAL

AUTHOR

COPYRIGHT

perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging

DESCRIPTION

Debugger Internals

Writing Your Own Debugger

Frame Listing Output Examples

Debugging regular expressions

Compile-time output: anchored STRING at POS, floating STRING at POS1..POS2, matching floating/anchored, minlen, stclass TYPE, noscan, isall, GPOS, plus, implicit, with eval, anchored(TYPE)
Types of nodes
Run-time output

Debugging Perl memory usage

Using $ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}: buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX), Free/Used, Total sbrk(): SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS, pad: 0, heads: 2192, chain: 0, tail: 6144
Example of using -DL switch: 717, 002, 054, 602, 702, 704
-DL details: !!!, !!, !
Limitations of -DL statistics

SEE ALSO

perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs

DESCRIPTION

SPECIAL NOTES

make
Version caveat
Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading

TUTORIAL

EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2
What has gone on?
Writing good test scripts
EXAMPLE 3
What's new here?
Input and Output Parameters
The XSUBPP Program
The TYPEMAP file
Warning about Output Arguments
EXAMPLE 4
What has happened here?
Anatomy of .xs file
Getting the fat out of XSUBs
More about XSUB arguments
The Argument Stack
Extending your Extension
Documenting your Extension
Installing your Extension
EXAMPLE 5
New Things in this Example
EXAMPLE 6
New Things in this Example
EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
Troubleshooting these Examples

See also

Author

Last Changed

perlxs - XS language reference manual

DESCRIPTION

Introduction
On The Road
The Anatomy of an XSUB
The Argument Stack
The RETVAL Variable
The MODULE Keyword
The PACKAGE Keyword
The PREFIX Keyword
The OUTPUT: Keyword
The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
The CODE: Keyword
The INIT: Keyword
The NO_INIT Keyword
Initializing Function Parameters
Default Parameter Values
The PREINIT: Keyword
The SCOPE: Keyword
The INPUT: Keyword
The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
Variable-length Parameter Lists
The C_ARGS: Keyword
The PPCODE: Keyword
Returning Undef And Empty Lists
The REQUIRE: Keyword
The CLEANUP: Keyword
The POST_CALL: Keyword
The BOOT: Keyword
The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
The ALIAS: Keyword
The INTERFACE: Keyword
The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
The INCLUDE: Keyword
The CASE: Keyword
The & Unary Operator
Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
Using XS With C++
Interface Strategy
Perl Objects And C Structures
The Typemap

EXAMPLES

XS VERSION

AUTHOR

perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API

DESCRIPTION

Variables

Datatypes
What is an "IV"?
Working with SVs
Offsets
What's Really Stored in an SV?
Working with AVs
Working with HVs
Hash API Extensions
References
Blessed References and Class Objects
Creating New Variables
Reference Counts and Mortality
Stashes and Globs
Double-Typed SVs
Magic Variables
Assigning Magic
Magic Virtual Tables
Finding Magic
Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
Localizing changes: SAVEINT(int i), SAVEIV(IV i), SAVEI32(I32 i), SAVELONG(long i), SAVESPTR(s), SAVEPPTR(p), SAVEFREESV(SV *sv), SAVEFREEOP(OP *op), SAVEFREEPV(p), SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv), SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length), SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p), SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p), SAVESTACK_POS(), SV* save_scalar(GV *gv), AV* save_ary(GV *gv), HV* save_hash(GV *gv), void save_item(SV *item), void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg), SV* save_svref(SV **sptr), void save_aptr(AV **aptr), void save_hptr(HV **hptr)

Subroutines

XSUBs and the Argument Stack
Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
Memory Allocation
PerlIO
Putting a C value on Perl stack
Scratchpads
Scratchpads and recursion

Compiled code

Code tree
Examining the tree
Compile pass 1: check routines
Compile pass 1a: constant folding
Compile pass 2: context propagation
Compile pass 3: peephole optimization

Examining internal data structures with the dump functions

How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported

Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
How do I use all this in extensions?
Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS

Internal Functions

A, p, d, s, n, r, f, m, o, j, x

Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
Source Documentation

Unicode Support

What is Unicode, anyway?
How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
How do I convert a string to UTF8?
Is there anything else I need to know?

AUTHORS

SEE ALSO

perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C

DESCRIPTION

An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program

THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS

call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv

FLAG VALUES

G_VOID
G_SCALAR
G_ARRAY
G_DISCARD
G_NOARGS
G_EVAL
G_KEEPERR
Determining the Context

KNOWN PROBLEMS

EXAMPLES

No Parameters, Nothing returned
Passing Parameters
Returning a Scalar
Returning a list of values
Returning a list in a scalar context
Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
Using G_EVAL
Using G_KEEPERR
Using call_sv
Using call_argv
Using call_method
Using GIMME_V
Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
Strategies for storing Callback Context Information: 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback
Alternate Stack Manipulation
Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

DATE

perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution

DESCRIPTION

DOCUMENTATION: perldoc, pod2man and pod2text, pod2html and pod2latex, pod2usage, podselect, podchecker, splain, roffitall
CONVERTORS: a2p, s2p, find2perl
Development: perlbug, h2ph, c2ph and pstruct, h2xs, dprofpp, perlcc
SEE ALSO

perlfilter - Source Filters

DESCRIPTION
CONCEPTS
USING FILTERS
WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C: Decryption Filters
CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
CONCLUSION
REQUIREMENTS
AUTHOR
Copyrights

perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

filter_store_key, filter_store_value, filter_fetch_key, filter_fetch_value

The Filter
An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
Another Example -- Key is a C int.

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API

DESCRIPTION: AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uv, utf8_to_uv_simple, uv_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO

perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely internal Perl functions

DESCRIPTION: is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO

perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

PerlIO *, PerlIO_stdin(), PerlIO_stdout(), PerlIO_stderr(), PerlIO_open(path, mode), PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode), PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...), PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a), PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...), PerlIO_read(f,buf,count), PerlIO_write(f,buf,count), PerlIO_close(f), PerlIO_puts(f,s), PerlIO_putc(f,c), PerlIO_ungetc(f,c), PerlIO_getc(f), PerlIO_eof(f), PerlIO_error(f), PerlIO_fileno(f), PerlIO_clearerr(f), PerlIO_flush(f), PerlIO_tell(f), PerlIO_seek(f,o,w), PerlIO_getpos(f,p), PerlIO_setpos(f,p), PerlIO_rewind(f), PerlIO_tmpfile()

Co-existence with stdio: PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags), PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags), PerlIO_findFILE(f), PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f), PerlIO_setlinebuf(f), PerlIO_has_cntptr(f), PerlIO_get_ptr(f), PerlIO_get_cnt(f), PerlIO_canset_cnt(f), PerlIO_fast_gets(f), PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c), PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c), PerlIO_has_base(f), PerlIO_get_base(f), PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)

perltodo - Perl TO-DO List

DESCRIPTION

Infrastructure

Mailing list archives
Bug tracking system
Regression Tests: Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to perl5

Configure

Install HTML

Perl Language

64-bit Perl
Prototypes: Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs

Perl Internals

magic_setisa
Garbage Collection
Reliable signals: Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out how to die() in delayed sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN
Interpolated regex performance bugs
Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp
Make XS easier to use
Make embedded Perl easier to use
Namespace cleanup
MULTIPLICITY
MacPerl

Documentation

A clear division into tutorial and reference
Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions
More tutorials: Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging
Include a search tool
Include a locate tool
Separate function manpages by default
Users can't find the manpages
Install ALL Documentation
Outstanding issues to be documented
Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl
Replace man with a perl program
Unicode tutorial

Modules

Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2
Module versions
New modules
Profiler
Tie Modules: VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice
Procedural options
RPC
y2k localtime/gmtime
Export File::Find variables
Ioctl
Debugger attach/detach
Regular Expression debugger
Alternative RE Syntax
Bundled modules
Expect
GUI::Native
Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc.
pod2html
Podchecker

Tom's Wishes

Webperl
Mobile agents
POSIX on non-POSIX
Portable installations

Win32 Stuff

Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest
Sort out the spawnvp() mess
Work out DLL versioning
Style-check

Would be nice to have

pack "(stuff)*", Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input should act like <>, report HANDLE [formats], support in perlmain to rerun debugger, lvalue functions

Possible pragmas

'less'

Optimizations

constant function cache
foreach(reverse...)
Cache eval tree
rcatmaybe
Shrink opcode tables
Cache hash value
Optimize away @_ where possible
Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b }
Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization

Vague possibilities

ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?, Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al

To Do Or Not To Do

Making my() work on "package" variables
"or" testing defined not truth
"dynamic" lexicals
"class"-based, rather than package-based "lexicals"

Threading

Modules
Testing
$AUTOLOAD
exit/die
External threads
Thread::Pool
thread-safety
Per-thread GVs

Compiler

Optimization
Byteperl
Precompiled modules
Executables
Typed lexicals
Win32
END blocks
_AUTOLOAD
comppadlist
Cached compilation

Recently Finished Tasks

Figure a way out of $^(capital letter)
Filenames
Foreign lines
Namespace cleanup
ISA.pm
gettimeofday
autocroak?

perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals

DESCRIPTION

Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words

Keeping in sync: rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the NFS, rsync'ing the patches
Why rsync the source tree: It's easier, It's more recent, It's more reliable
Why rsync the patches: It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
Submitting patches: perlguts, perlxstut and perlxs, perlapi, Porting/pumpkin.pod, The perl5-porters FAQ
Finding Your Way Around: Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
Elements of the interpreter: Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
Internal Variable Types
Op Trees
Stacks: Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
Millions of Macros
Poking at Perl
Using a source-level debugger: run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, finish, 'enter', print
Dumping Perl Data Structures
Patching

EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL

Rational Software's Purify
Purify on Unix: -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
Purify on NT: DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
CONCLUSION: The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.

AUTHOR

perlhist - the Perl history records

DESCRIPTION

INTRODUCTION

THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN

PUMPKIN?

THE RECORDS

SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
SELECTED PATCH SIZES

THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS

perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0

DESCRIPTION

Core Enhancements

Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
Lexically scoped warning categories
Unicode and UTF-8 support
Support for interpolating named characters
"our" declarations
Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
Improved Perl version numbering system
New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
File and directory handles can be autovivified
open() with more than two arguments
64-bit support
Large file support
Long doubles
"more bits"
Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
sort $coderef @foo allowed
File globbing implemented internally
Support for CHECK blocks
POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
Better pseudo-random number generator
Improved qw// operator
Better worst-case behavior of hashes
pack() format 'Z' supported
pack() format modifier '!' supported
pack() and unpack() support counted strings
Comments in pack() templates
Weak references
Binary numbers supported
Lvalue subroutines
Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
exists() is supported on subroutine names
exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
Pseudo-hashes work better
Automatic flushing of output buffers
Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
eof() has the same old magic as <>
binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
-T filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
Improved diagnostics
Diagnostics follow STDERR
More consistent close-on-exec behavior
syswrite() ease-of-use
Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
Bit operators support full native integer width
Improved security features
More functional bareword prototype (*)
require and do may be overridden
$^X variables may now have names longer than one character
New variable $^C reflects -c switch
New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
Optional Y2K warnings
Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings

Modules and Pragmata

Modules: attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
Pragmata

Utility Changes

dprofpp
find2perl
h2xs
perlcc
perldoc
The Perl Debugger

Improved Documentation

perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod

Performance enhancements

Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
Optimized assignments to lexical variables
Faster subroutine calls
delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster

Installation and Configuration Improvements

-Dusethreads means something different
New Configure flags
Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
Long Doubles
-Dusemorebits
-Duselargefiles
installusrbinperl
SOCKS support
-A flag
Enhanced Installation Directories
gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working

Platform specific changes

Supported platforms
DOS
OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
VMS
Win32

Significant bug fixes

<HANDLE> on empty files
eval '...' improvements
All compilation errors are true errors
Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
Behavior of list slices is more consistent
(\$) prototype and $foo{a}
goto &sub and AUTOLOAD
-bareword allowed under use integer
Failures in DESTROY()
Locale bugs fixed
Memory leaks
Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
Taint failures under -U
END blocks and the -c switch
Potential to leak DATA filehandles

New or Changed Diagnostics

"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number

New tests

Incompatible Changes

Perl Source Incompatibilities: CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form 1.2.3 parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, undef fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing "$$1" to mean "${$}1" is unsupported, delete(), each(), values() and \(%h), vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed, %@ has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype (*) have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
C Source Incompatibilities: PERL_POLLUTE, PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT, PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC
Compatible C Source API Changes: PATCHLEVEL is now PERL_VERSION
Binary Incompatibilities

Known Problems

Thread test failures
EBCDIC platforms not supported
In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with gcc
UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
Arrow operator and arrays
Experimental features: Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:

Obsolete Diagnostics

Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated

Reporting Bugs

SEE ALSO

HISTORY

perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005

DESCRIPTION

About the new versioning system

Incompatible Changes

WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
Default installation structure has changed
Perl Source Compatibility
C Source Compatibility
Binary Compatibility
Security fixes may affect compatibility
Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
Licensing

Core Changes

Threads
Compiler
Regular Expressions: Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other improvements, Incompatible changes
Improved malloc()
Quicksort is internally implemented
Reliable signals
Reliable stack pointers
More generous treatment of carriage returns
Memory leaks
Better support for multiple interpreters
Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
%! is transparently tied to the Errno module
Pseudo-hashes are supported
EXPR foreach EXPR is supported
Keywords can be globally overridden
$^E is meaningful on Win32
foreach (1..1000000) optimized
Foo:: can be used as implicitly quoted package name
exists $Foo::{Bar::} tests existence of a package
Better locale support
Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
prototype() returns useful results on builtins
Extended support for exception handling
Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
All printf format conversions are handled internally
New INIT keyword
New lock keyword
New qr// operator
our is now a reserved word
Tied arrays are now fully supported
Tied handles support is better
4th argument to substr
Negative LENGTH argument to splice
Magic lvalues are now more magical
<> now reads in records

Supported Platforms

New Platforms
Changes in existing support

Modules and Pragmata

New Modules: B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Thread, attrs, fields, re
Changes in existing modules: Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File, MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd, Benchmark

Utility Changes

Documentation Changes

New Diagnostics

Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element, Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed

Obsolete Diagnostics

Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for -e: %s, Cannot open temporary file, regexp too big

Configuration Changes

BUGS

SEE ALSO

HISTORY

perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004

DESCRIPTION

Supported Environments

Core Changes

List assignment to %ENV works
Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
$PERL5OPT environment variable
Limitations on -M, -m, and -T options
More precise warnings
Deprecated: Inherited AUTOLOAD for non-methods
Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
Group vector changeable with $)
Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
No resetting of $. on implicit close
wantarray may return undef
eval EXPR determines value of EXPR in scalar context
Changes to tainting checks: No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
New Opcode module and revised Safe module
Embedding improvements
Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
New and changed syntax: $coderef->(PARAMS)
New and changed builtin constants: __PACKAGE__
New and changed builtin variables: $^E, $^H, $^M
New and changed builtin functions: delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, m//gc does not reset search position on failure, m//x ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, nested sub{} closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
New builtin methods: isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
TIEHANDLE now supported: TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
Malloc enhancements: -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements

Support for More Operating Systems

Win32
Plan 9
QNX
AmigaOS

Pragmata

use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish

Modules

Required Updates
Installation directories
Module information summary
Fcntl
IO
Math::Complex
Math::Trig
DB_File
Net::Ping
Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators

Utility Changes

pod2html: Sends converted HTML to standard output
xsubpp: void XSUBs now default to returning nothing

C Language API Changes

gv_fetchmethod and perl_call_sv, perl_eval_pv, Extended API for manipulating hashes

Documentation Changes

perldelta, perlfaq, perllocale, perltoot, perlapio, perlmodlib, perldebug, perlsec

New Diagnostics

"my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "-T" option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s

BUGS

SEE ALSO

HISTORY

perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems

DESCRIPTION

Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
OS level
Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
The IBM ANSI C Compiler
Using GNU's gcc for building perl
Using Large Files with Perl
Threaded Perl
64-bit Perl
GDBM and Threads
NFS filesystems and utime(2)

AUTHOR

DATE

perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Prerequisites: Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library, Version of Amiga OS
Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS

INSTALLATION

Accessing documentation

Manpages
HTML
GNU info files
LaTeX docs

BUILD

Prerequisites
Getting the perl source
Making: sh Configure -Dprefix=/ade -Dloclibpth=/ade/lib
Testing
Installing the built perl

AUTHORS

SEE ALSO

perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin

SYNOPSIS

PREREQUISITES

Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
Cygwin Configuration: PATH, nroff, Permissions

CONFIGURE

Strip Binaries
Optional Libraries: -lcrypt, -lgdbm (use GDBM_File), -ldb (use DB_File), -lcygipc (use IPC::SysV)
Configure-time Options: -Uusedl, -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity, -Duseperlio, -Duse64bitint, -Duselongdouble, -Dusethreads, -Duselargefiles
Suspicious Warnings: dlsym(), Win9x and d_eofnblk, Compiler/Preprocessor defines

MAKE

Warnings
ld2

TEST

File Permissions
Hard Links
Filetime Granularity
Tainting Checks
/etc/group
Script Portability: Pathnames, Text/Binary, .exe, chown(), Miscellaneous

INSTALL

MANIFEST

Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts

BUGS

AUTHORS

HISTORY

perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Prerequisites: DJGPP, Pthreads
Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
Building
Testing
Installation

BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES

Prerequisites
Unpacking CPAN Modules
Building Non-XS Modules
Building XS Modules

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC

SYNOPSIS

INTRODUCTION

INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC

USING PERL ON EPOC

IO Redirection
PATH Names
Editors
Features
Restrictions
Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment

SUPPORT STATUS

AUTHOR

LAST UPDATE

perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix (HP-UX) systems

DESCRIPTION

Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
PA-RISC
PA-RISC 1.0
PA-RISC 1.1
PA-RISC 2.0
Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
The HP ANSI C Compiler
Using Large Files with Perl
Threaded Perl
64-bit Perl
GDBM and Threads
NFS filesystems and utime(2)
perl -P and //

AUTHOR

DATE

perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen systems

DESCRIPTION

Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
Failures during make test: op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
Building external modules

AUTHOR

DATE

perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE

SYNOPSIS

What's New
System Requirements
How to Obtain Perl/iX
Distribution Contents Highlights: README, public_html/feedback.cgi, 4, 6
Getting Started with Perl/iX
MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
Change History

perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Target
Other OSes
Prerequisites: EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl

Frequently asked questions

I cannot run external programs
I cannot embed perl into my program, or use perl.dll from my program.: Is your program EMX-compiled with -Zmt -Zcrtdll?, Did you use ExtUtils::Embed?
`` and pipe-open do not work under DOS.
Cannot start find.exe "pattern" file

INSTALLATION

Automatic binary installation: PERL_BADLANG, PERL_BADFREE, Config.pm
Manual binary installation: Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library, Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation, Perl manual in .INF format, Pdksh
Warning

Accessing documentation

OS/2 .INF file
Plain text
Manpages
HTML
GNU info files
.PDF files
LaTeX docs

BUILD

Prerequisites
Getting perl source
Application of the patches
Hand-editing
Making
Testing: A lot of bad free, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, op/fs.t, lib/io_pipe.t, lib/io_sock.t, op/stat.t, lib/io_udp.t
Installing the built perl
a.out-style build

Build FAQ

Some / became \ in pdksh.
'errno' - unresolved external
Problems with tr or sed
Some problem (forget which ;-)
Library ... not found
Segfault in make
op/sprintf test failure

Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port

setpriority, getpriority
system()
extproc on the first line
Additional modules:
Prebuilt methods:: File::Copy::syscopy, DynaLoader::mod2fname, Cwd::current_drive(), Cwd::sys_chdir(name), Cwd::change_drive(name), Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name), Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name), Cwd::sys_is_relative(name), Cwd::sys_cwd(name), Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir), Cwd::extLibpath([type]), Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )
Misfeatures
Modifications: popen, tmpnam, tmpfile, ctermid, stat, flock

Perl flavors

perl.exe
perl_.exe
perl__.exe
perl___.exe
Why strange names?
Why dynamic linking?
Why chimera build?: explicit fork(), open FH, "|-", open FH, "-|"

ENVIRONMENT

PERLLIB_PREFIX
PERL_BADLANG
PERL_BADFREE
PERL_SH_DIR
USE_PERL_FLOCK
TMP or TEMP

Evolution

Priorities
DLL name mangling
Threading
Calls to external programs
Memory allocation
Threads: COND_WAIT, os2.c

AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Unpacking
Setup and utilities
Configure
Build, test, install
build anomalies
testing anomalies
Usage Hints
Modules and Extensions

AUTHORS

SEE ALSO

Mailing list

HISTORY

perlposix-bc, README.posix-bc - building and installing Perl for BS2000 POSIX.

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

gzip
bison
Unpacking
Compiling
Testing
Install
Using Perl

AUTHORS

SEE ALSO

Mailing list

HISTORY

perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems

DESCRIPTION

Solaris Version Numbers.

RESOURCES

Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation

SETTING UP

File Extraction Problems.
Compiler and Related Tools.
Environment

RUN CONFIGURE.

64-bit Issues.
Threads.
Malloc Issues.

MAKE PROBLEMS.

Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal: relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found

MAKE TEST

op/stat.t test 4

PREBUILT BINARIES.

RUNTIME ISSUES.

Limits on Numbers of Open Files.

SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.

SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.

Proc::ProcessTable
BSD::Resource
Net::SSLeay

AUTHOR

LAST MODIFIED

perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl

DESCRIPTION

Installation

Organization of Perl Images

Core Images
Perl Extensions
Installing static extensions
Installing dynamic extensions

File specifications

Syntax
Wildcard expansion
Pipes

PERL5LIB and PERLLIB

Command line

I/O redirection and backgrounding
Command line switches: -i, -S, -u

Perl functions

File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump, exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS

Perl variables

%ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $|

Standard modules with VMS-specific differences

SDBM_File

Revision date

AUTHOR

perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS

SYNOPSIS

Stratus POSIX Support

INSTALLING PERL IN VOS

Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
Installing Perl 5 on VOS

USING PERL IN VOS

Unimplemented Features
Restrictions

SUPPORT STATUS

AUTHOR

LAST UPDATE

perlwin32 - Perl under Win32

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Setting Up: Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC
Building
Testing
Installation
Usage Hints: Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line, Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things

BUGS AND CAVEATS

AUTHORS

Gary Ng <71564.1743@CompuServe.COM>, Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@activestate.com>, Nick Ing-Simmons <nick@ni-s.u-net.com>

SEE ALSO

HISTORY

PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION

attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: method, locked

re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Built-in Attributes: locked, method, lvalue
Available Subroutines: get, reftype
Package-specific Attribute Handling: FETCH_type_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_type_ATTRIBUTES
Syntax of Attribute Lists

EXPORTS

Default exports
Available exports
Export tags defined

EXAMPLES

SEE ALSO

attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: method, locked

autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WARNING
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
HISTORY
SEE ALSO

blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
AUTHOR

bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character semantics

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

charnames - define character names for `\N{named}` string literal escape.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
BUGS

constant - Perl pragma to declare constants

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTES
TECHNICAL NOTE
BUGS
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

The diagnostics Pragma
The splain Program

EXAMPLES

INTERNALS

BUGS

AUTHOR

fields - compile-time class fields

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: new, phash
SEE ALSO

filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

subpragma access

integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of double

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

lib - manipulate @INC at compile time

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Adding directories to @INC
Deleting directories from @INC
Restoring original @INC

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY
SEE ALSO

ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

overload - Package for overloading perl operations

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Declaration of overloaded functions
Calling Conventions for Binary Operations: FALSE, TRUE, undef
Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
Calling Conventions for Mutators: ++ and --, x= and other assignment versions
Overloadable Operations: Arithmetic operations, Comparison operations, Bit operations, Increment and decrement, Transcendental functions, Boolean, string and numeric conversion, Iteration, Dereferencing, Special
Inheritance and overloading: Strings as values of use overload directive, Overloading of an operation is inherited by derived classes

SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR use overload

Last Resort
Fallback: undef, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
Copy Constructor: Example

MAGIC AUTOGENERATION

Assignment forms of arithmetic operations, Conversion operations, Increment and decrement, abs($a), Unary minus, Negation, Concatenation, Comparison operations, Iterator, Dereferencing, Copy operator

Losing overloading

Run-time Overloading

Public functions

overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)

Overloading constants

integer, float, binary, q, qr

IMPLEMENTATION

Metaphor clash

Cookbook

Two-face scalars
Two-face references
Symbolic calculator
Really symbolic calculator

AUTHOR

DIAGNOSTICS

Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable type, `%s' is not a code reference

BUGS

re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

OPTIONS

SIGNAL HANDLERS: stack-trace, die, handler your-handler
SIGNAL LISTS: normal-signals, error-signals, old-interface-signals
OTHER: untrapped, any, signal, number

EXAMPLES

strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: strict refs, strict vars, strict subs

subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category), warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message), warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message), warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message), warnings::warnif($object, $message)

warnings::register - warnings import function

MODULE DOCUMENTATION

AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

DBM Comparisons: [0], [1], [2], [3]

SEE ALSO

AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Subroutine Stubs
Using AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine
Overriding AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine
Package Lexicals
Not Using AutoLoader
AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader

CAVEATS

SEE ALSO

AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

$keep, $check, $modtime

Multiple packages

DIAGNOSTICS

B - The Perl Compiler

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

OVERVIEW OF CLASSES

SV-RELATED CLASSES
B::SV METHODS: REFCNT, FLAGS
B::IV METHODS: IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv
B::NV METHODS: NV, NVX
B::RV METHODS: RV
B::PV METHODS: PV
B::PVMG METHODS: MAGIC, SvSTASH
B::MAGIC METHODS: MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
B::PVLV METHODS: TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
B::BM METHODS: USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
B::GV METHODS: is_empty, NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
B::IO METHODS: LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
B::AV METHODS: FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
B::CV METHODS: STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY, CvFLAGS
B::HV METHODS: FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
OP-RELATED CLASSES
B::OP METHODS: next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
B::UNOP METHOD: first
B::BINOP METHOD: last
B::LOGOP METHOD: other
B::LISTOP METHOD: children
B::PMOP METHODS: pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
B::SVOP METHOD: sv, gv
B::PADOP METHOD: padix
B::PVOP METHOD: pv
B::LOOP METHODS: redoop, nextop, lastop
B::COP METHODS: label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line

FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY B

main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names

AUTHOR

B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHORS

B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS: -ofilename, -afilename, --, -f, -fcompress-nullops, -fomit-sequence-numbers, -fbypass-nullops, -On, -D, -Do, -Db, -Da, -DC, -S, -upackage Stores package in the output. =back
EXAMPLES
BUGS
AUTHORS

B::C - Perl compiler's C backend

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS: -ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -D, -Do, -Dc, -DA, -DC, -DM, -f, -fcog, -fno-cog, -On, -llimit
EXAMPLES
BUGS
AUTHOR

B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

OPTIONS

-ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -mModulename, -D, -Dr, -DO, -Ds, -Dp, -Dq, -Dl, -Dt, -f, -ffreetmps-each-bblock, -ffreetmps-each-loop, -fomit-taint, -On

EXAMPLES

BUGS

DIFFERENCES

Loops
Context of ".."
Arithmetic
Deprecated features

AUTHOR

B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

OPTIONS

-basic, -exec, -tree, -compact, -loose, -vt, -ascii, -main, -basen, -bigendian, -littleendian, -concise, -terse, -linenoise, -debug, -env

FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS

(x(exec_text;basic_text)x), (*(text)*), (*(text1;text2)*), (?(text1#varText2)?), #var, #varN, ~, #addr, #arg, #class, #classym, #coplabel, #exname, #extarg, #firstaddr, #flags, #flagval, #hyphenseq, #label, #lastaddr, #name, #NAME, #next, #nextaddr, #noise, #private, #privval, #seq, #seqnum, #sibaddr, #svaddr, #svclass, #svval, #targ, #targarg, #targarglife, #typenum

ABBREVIATIONS

OP flags abbreviations
OP class abbreviations

AUTHOR

B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

OPTIONS

-l, -p, -q, -uPACKAGE, -sLETTERS, C, iNUMBER, T, vSTRING., -xLEVEL

USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE

Synopsis
Description
new
coderef2text

BUGS

AUTHOR

B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

B::Lint - Perl lint

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS: context, implicit-read and implicit-write, dollar-underscore, private-names, undefined-subs, regexp-variables, all, none
NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS: -u Package
BUGS
AUTHOR

B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONVENTIONS
IMPLEMENTATION
AUTHOR

B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded

B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS: -oFILENAME, -r, -D[tO]
BUGS
AUTHOR

Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Methods: new, debug, iters
Standard Exports: timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
Optional Exports: clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )

NOTES

EXAMPLES

INHERITANCE

CAVEATS

SEE ALSO

AUTHORS

MODIFICATION HISTORY

ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS: -ofilename, -afilename, --, -f, -fcompress-nullops, -fomit-sequence-numbers, -fbypass-nullops, -On, -D, -Do, -Db, -Da, -DC, -S, -upackage Stores package in the output. =back
EXAMPLES
BUGS
AUTHORS

CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class

SYNOPSIS

ABSTRACT

DESCRIPTION

PROGRAMMING STYLE
CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE: :cgi, :form, :html2, :html3, :netscape, :html, :standard, :all
PRAGMAS: -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles
SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS: 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates a </UL> tag)

GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS

CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER: Parameters:, 4, 5, 6..
ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL: -absolute, -relative, -full, -path (-path_info), -query (-query_string), -base
MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS

CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:

PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
AUTOESCAPING HTML: $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset = charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
PRETTY-PRINTING HTML

CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:

CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
STARTING AND ENDING A FORM: application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-data
CREATING A TEXT FIELD: Parameters
CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD: Parameters
CREATING A POPUP MENU
CREATING A SCROLLING LIST: Parameters:
CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES: Parameters:
CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX: Parameters:
CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP: Parameters:
CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON: Parameters:
CREATING A RESET BUTTON
CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD: Parameters:
CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON: Parameters:
CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON

HTTP COOKIES

1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag, -name, -value, -path, -domain, -expires, -secure

WORKING WITH FRAMES

1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in the <FORM> tag

LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS

DEBUGGING

DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS

FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

Accept(), raw_cookie(), user_agent(), path_info(), path_translated(), remote_host(), script_name(), referer(), auth_type (), server_name (), virtual_host (), server_port (), server_software (), remote_user (), user_name (), request_method(), content_type(), http(), https()

USING NPH SCRIPTS

In the use statement, By calling the nph() method:, By using -nph parameters

Server Push

multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end()

Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks

$CGI::POST_MAX, $CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS, 1. On a script-by-script basis, 2. Globally for all scripts

COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL

AUTHOR INFORMATION

CREDITS

Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), ...and many many more..

A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT

BUGS

SEE ALSO

CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm

SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO

CGI::Carp, CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES

MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW

Changing the default message

MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS

CHANGE LOG

AUTHORS

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

USING CGI::Cookie

1. expiration date, 2. domain, 3. path, 4. secure flag

Creating New Cookies
Sending the Cookie to the Browser
Recovering Previous Cookies
Manipulating Cookies: name(), value(), domain(), path(), expires()

AUTHOR INFORMATION

BUGS

SEE ALSO

CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
CAVEATS
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO

CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Tags that won't be formatted
Customizing the Indenting

BUGS

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

USING CGI::Push

-next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires

Heterogeneous Pages
Changing the Page Delay on the Fly

INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS

AUTHOR INFORMATION

BUGS

SEE ALSO

CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch

SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO

CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Interactive Mode: Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or distribution, Signals
CPAN::Shell
autobundle
recompile
The four CPAN::* Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
Programmer's interface: expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
Methods in the other Classes: CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(), CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(), CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(), CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(), CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(), CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(), CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(), CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(), CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(), CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(), CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(), CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(), CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(), CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(), CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(), CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args), CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(), CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(), CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(), CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(), CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
Cache Manager
Bundles
Prerequisites
Finding packages and VERSION
Debugging
Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode

CONFIGURATION

o conf <scalar option>, o conf <scalar option> <value>, o conf <list option>, o conf <list option> [shift|pop], o conf <list option> [unshift|push|splice] <list>

Note on urllist parameter's format
urllist parameter has CD-ROM support

SECURITY

EXPORT

POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES

WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS

Three basic types of firewalls: http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall

FAQ

1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)

BUGS

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Forcing a Stack Trace

BUGS

Carp::Heavy - Carp guts

SYNOPIS
DESCRIPTION

Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

The struct() function
Class Creation at Compile Time
Element Types and Accessor Methods: Scalar ('$' or '*$'), Array ('@' or '*@'), Hash ('%' or '*%'), Class ('Class_Name' or '*Class_Name')
Initializing with new

EXAMPLES

Example 1, Example 2, Example 3

Author and Modification History

Config - access Perl configuration information

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)

EXAMPLE

WARNING

GLOSSARY

_: _a, _exe, _o
a: afs, alignbytes, ansi2knr, aphostname, api_revision, api_subversion, api_version, api_versionstring, ar, archlib, archlibexp, archname64, archname, archobjs, awk
b: baserev, bash, bin, bincompat5005, binexp, bison, byacc, byteorder
c: c, castflags, cat, cc, cccdlflags, ccdlflags, ccflags, ccflags_uselargefiles, ccname, ccsymbols, ccversion, cf_by, cf_email, cf_time, charsize, chgrp, chmod, chown, clocktype, comm, compress
C: CONFIGDOTSH, contains, cp, cpio, cpp, cpp_stuff, cppccsymbols, cppflags, cpplast, cppminus, cpprun, cppstdin, cppsymbols, crosscompile, cryptlib, csh
d: d__fwalk, d_access, d_accessx, d_alarm, d_archlib, d_atolf, d_atoll, d_attribut, d_bcmp, d_bcopy, d_bincompat5005, d_bsd, d_bsdgetpgrp, d_bsdsetpgrp, d_bzero, d_casti32, d_castneg, d_charvspr, d_chown, d_chroot, d_chsize, d_closedir, d_const, d_crypt, d_csh, d_cuserid, d_dbl_dig, d_difftime, d_dirnamlen, d_dlerror, d_dlopen, d_dlsymun, d_dosuid, d_drand48proto, d_dup2, d_eaccess, d_endgrent, d_endhent, d_endnent, d_endpent, d_endpwent, d_endsent, d_eofnblk, d_eunice, d_fchmod, d_fchown, d_fcntl, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fd_macros, d_fd_set, d_fds_bits, d_fgetpos, d_flexfnam, d_flock, d_fork, d_fpathconf, d_fpos64_t, d_frexpl, d_fs_data_s, d_fseeko, d_fsetpos, d_fstatfs, d_fstatvfs, d_fsync, d_ftello, d_ftime, d_Gconvert, d_getcwd, d_getespwnam, d_getfsstat, d_getgrent, d_getgrps, d_gethbyaddr, d_gethbyname, d_gethent, d_gethname, d_gethostprotos, d_getlogin, d_getmnt, d_getmntent, d_getnbyaddr, d_getnbyname, d_getnent, d_getnetprotos, d_getpagsz, d_getpbyname, d_getpbynumber, d_getpent, d_getpgid, d_getpgrp2, d_getpgrp, d_getppid, d_getprior, d_getprotoprotos, d_getprpwnam, d_getpwent, d_getsbyname, d_getsbyport, d_getsent, d_getservprotos, d_getspnam, d_gettimeod, d_gnulibc, d_grpasswd, d_hasmntopt, d_htonl, d_iconv, d_index, d_inetaton, d_int64_t, d_isascii, d_isnan, d_isnanl, d_killpg, d_lchown, d_ldbl_dig, d_link, d_locconv, d_lockf, d_longdbl, d_longlong, d_lseekproto, d_lstat, d_madvise, d_mblen, d_mbstowcs, d_mbtowc, d_memchr, d_memcmp, d_memcpy, d_memmove, d_memset, d_mkdir, d_mkdtemp, d_mkfifo, d_mkstemp, d_mkstemps, d_mktime, d_mmap, d_modfl, d_mprotect, d_msg, d_msg_ctrunc, d_msg_dontroute, d_msg_oob, d_msg_peek, d_msg_proxy, d_msgctl, d_msgget, d_msgrcv, d_msgsnd, d_msync, d_munmap, d_mymalloc, d_nice, d_nv_preserves_uv, d_nv_preserves_uv_bits, d_off64_t, d_old_pthread_create_joinable, d_oldpthreads, d_oldsock, d_open3, d_pathconf, d_pause, d_perl_otherlibdirs, d_phostname, d_pipe, d_poll, d_portable, d_PRId64, d_PRIeldbl, d_PRIEUldbl, d_PRIfldbl, d_PRIFUldbl, d_PRIgldbl, d_PRIGUldbl, d_PRIi64, d_PRIo64, d_PRIu64, d_PRIx64, d_PRIXU64, d_pthread_yield, d_pwage, d_pwchange, d_pwclass, d_pwcomment, d_pwexpire, d_pwgecos, d_pwpasswd, d_pwquota, d_qgcvt, d_quad, d_readdir, d_readlink, d_rename, d_rewinddir, d_rmdir, d_safebcpy, d_safemcpy, d_sanemcmp, d_sbrkproto, d_sched_yield, d_scm_rights, d_SCNfldbl, d_seekdir, d_select, d_sem, d_semctl, d_semctl_semid_ds, d_semctl_semun, d_semget, d_semop, d_setegid, d_seteuid, d_setgrent, d_setgrps, d_sethent, d_setlinebuf, d_setlocale, d_setnent, d_setpent, d_setpgid, d_setpgrp2, d_setpgrp, d_setprior, d_setproctitle, d_setpwent, d_setregid, d_setresgid, d_setresuid, d_setreuid, d_setrgid, d_setruid, d_setsent, d_setsid, d_setvbuf, d_sfio, d_shm, d_shmat, d_shmatprototype, d_shmctl, d_shmdt, d_shmget, d_sigaction, d_sigsetjmp, d_socket, d_socklen_t, d_sockpair, d_socks5_init, d_sqrtl, d_statblks, d_statfs_f_flags, d_statfs_s, d_statvfs, d_stdio_cnt_lval, d_stdio_ptr_lval, d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt, d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt, d_stdio_stream_array, d_stdiobase, d_stdstdio, d_strchr, d_strcoll, d_strctcpy, d_strerrm, d_strerror, d_strtod, d_strtol, d_strtold, d_strtoll, d_strtoul, d_strtoull, d_strtouq, d_strxfrm, d_suidsafe, d_symlink, d_syscall, d_sysconf, d_sysernlst, d_syserrlst, d_system, d_tcgetpgrp, d_tcsetpgrp, d_telldir, d_telldirproto, d_time, d_times, d_truncate, d_tzname, d_umask, d_uname, d_union_semun, d_ustat, d_vendorarch, d_vendorbin, d_vendorlib, d_vfork, d_void_closedir, d_voidsig, d_voidtty, d_volatile, d_vprintf, d_wait4, d_waitpid, d_wcstombs, d_wctomb, d_xenix, date, db_hashtype, db_prefixtype, defvoidused, direntrytype, dlext, dlsrc, doublesize, drand01, dynamic_ext
e: eagain, ebcdic, echo, egrep, emacs, eunicefix, exe_ext, expr, extensions
f: fflushall, fflushNULL, find, firstmakefile, flex, fpossize, fpostype, freetype, full_ar, full_csh, full_sed
g: gccosandvers, gccversion, gidformat, gidsign, gidsize, gidtype, glibpth, grep, groupcat, groupstype, gzip
h: h_fcntl, h_sysfile, hint, hostcat
i: i16size, i16type, i32size, i32type, i64size, i64type, i8size, i8type, i_arpainet, i_bsdioctl, i_db, i_dbm, i_dirent, i_dld, i_dlfcn, i_fcntl, i_float, i_gdbm, i_grp, i_iconv, i_ieeefp, i_inttypes, i_libutil, i_limits, i_locale, i_machcthr, i_malloc, i_math, i_memory, i_mntent, i_ndbm, i_netdb, i_neterrno, i_netinettcp, i_niin, i_poll, i_prot, i_pthread, i_pwd, i_rpcsvcdbm, i_sfio, i_sgtty, i_shadow, i_socks, i_stdarg, i_stddef, i_stdlib, i_string, i_sunmath, i_sysaccess, i_sysdir, i_sysfile, i_sysfilio, i_sysin, i_sysioctl, i_syslog, i_sysmman, i_sysmode, i_sysmount, i_sysndir, i_sysparam, i_sysresrc, i_syssecrt, i_sysselct, i_syssockio, i_sysstat, i_sysstatfs, i_sysstatvfs, i_systime, i_systimek, i_systimes, i_systypes, i_sysuio, i_sysun, i_sysutsname, i_sysvfs, i_syswait, i_termio, i_termios, i_time, i_unistd, i_ustat, i_utime, i_values, i_varargs, i_varhdr, i_vfork, ignore_versioned_solibs, inc_version_list, inc_version_list_init, incpath, inews, installarchlib, installbin, installman1dir, installman3dir, installprefix, installprefixexp, installprivlib, installscript, installsitearch, installsitebin, installsitelib, installstyle, installusrbinperl, installvendorarch, installvendorbin, installvendorlib, intsize, ivdformat, ivsize, ivtype
k: known_extensions, ksh
l: ld, lddlflags, ldflags, ldflags_uselargefiles, ldlibpthname, less, lib_ext, libc, libperl, libpth, libs, libsdirs, libsfiles, libsfound, libspath, libswanted, libswanted_uselargefiles, line, lint, lkflags, ln, lns, locincpth, loclibpth, longdblsize, longlongsize, longsize, lp, lpr, ls, lseeksize, lseektype
m: mail, mailx, make, make_set_make, mallocobj, mallocsrc, malloctype, man1dir, man1direxp, man1ext, man3dir, man3direxp, man3ext
M: Mcc, mips_type, mkdir, mmaptype, modetype, more, multiarch, mv, myarchname, mydomain, myhostname, myuname
n: n, netdb_hlen_type, netdb_host_type, netdb_name_type, netdb_net_type, nm, nm_opt, nm_so_opt, nonxs_ext, nroff, nveformat, nvEUformat, nvfformat, nvFUformat, nvgformat, nvGUformat, nvsize, nvtype
o: o_nonblock, obj_ext, old_pthread_create_joinable, optimize, orderlib, osname, osvers, otherlibdirs
p: package, pager, passcat, patchlevel, path_sep, perl5, perl
P: PERL_REVISION, PERL_SUBVERSION, PERL_VERSION, perladmin, perllibs, perlpath, pg, phostname, pidtype, plibpth, pm_apiversion, pmake, pr, prefix, prefixexp, privlib, privlibexp, prototype, ptrsize
q: quadkind, quadtype
r: randbits, randfunc, randseedtype, ranlib, rd_nodata, revision, rm, rmail, runnm
s: sched_yield, scriptdir, scriptdirexp, sed, seedfunc, selectminbits, selecttype, sendmail, sh, shar, sharpbang, shmattype, shortsize, shrpenv, shsharp, sig_count, sig_name, sig_name_init, sig_num, sig_num_init, signal_t, sitearch, sitearchexp, sitebin, sitebinexp, sitelib, sitelib_stem, sitelibexp, siteprefix, siteprefixexp, sizesize, sizetype, sleep, smail, so, sockethdr, socketlib, socksizetype, sort, spackage, spitshell, sPRId64, sPRIeldbl, sPRIEUldbl, sPRIfldbl, sPRIFUldbl, sPRIgldbl, sPRIGUldbl, sPRIi64, sPRIo64, sPRIu64, sPRIx64, sPRIXU64, src, sSCNfldbl, ssizetype, startperl, startsh, static_ext, stdchar, stdio_base, stdio_bufsiz, stdio_cnt, stdio_filbuf, stdio_ptr, stdio_stream_array, strings, submit, subversion, sysman
t: tail, tar, tbl, tee, test, timeincl, timetype, touch, tr, trnl, troff
u: u16size, u16type, u32size, u32type, u64size, u64type, u8size, u8type, uidformat, uidsign, uidsize, uidtype, uname, uniq, uquadtype, use5005threads, use64bitall, use64bitint, usedl, useithreads, uselargefiles, uselongdouble, usemorebits, usemultiplicity, usemymalloc, usenm, useopcode, useperlio, useposix, usesfio, useshrplib, usesocks, usethreads, usevendorprefix, usevfork, usrinc, uuname, uvoformat, uvsize, uvtype, uvuformat, uvxformat, uvXUformat
v: vendorarch, vendorarchexp, vendorbin, vendorbinexp, vendorlib, vendorlib_stem, vendorlibexp, vendorprefix, vendorprefixexp, version, versiononly, vi, voidflags
x: xlibpth, xs_apiversion
z: zcat, zip

NOTE

Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to change)

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Global Variables

$DB::sub,  %DB::sub,  $DB::single,  $DB::signal,  $DB::trace,	@DB::args, 
@DB::dbline,  %DB::dbline,  $DB::package,  $DB::filename,  $DB::subname, 
$DB::lineno

API Methods

CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()

Client Callback Methods

CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(), CLIENT->output(LIST)

BUGS

AUTHOR

DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

DB_HASH, DB_BTREE, DB_RECNO

Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
Interface to Berkeley DB
Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
Default Parameters
In Memory Databases

DB_HASH

A Simple Example

DB_BTREE

Changing the BTREE sort order
Handling Duplicate Keys
The get_dup() Method
The find_dup() Method
The del_dup() Method
Matching Partial Keys

DB_RECNO

The 'bval' Option
A Simple Example
Extra RECNO Methods: $X->push(list) ;, $value = $X->pop ;, $X->shift, $X->unshift(list) ;, $X->length
Another Example

THE API INTERFACE

$status = $X->get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->del($key [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->fd ;, $status = $X->seq($key, $value, $flags) ;, $status = $X->sync([$flags]) ;

DBM FILTERS

filter_store_key, filter_store_value, filter_fetch_key, filter_fetch_value

The Filter
An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
Another Example -- Key is a C int.

HINTS AND TIPS

Locking: The Trouble with fd
Safe ways to lock a database: Tie::DB_Lock, Tie::DB_LockFile, DB_File::Lock
Sharing Databases With C Applications
The untie() Gotcha

COMMON QUESTIONS

Why is there Perl source in my database?
How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?

REFERENCES

HISTORY

BUGS

AVAILABILITY

COPYRIGHT

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and `eval`

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Methods: PACKAGE->new(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Dump or PACKAGE->Dump(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Seen([HASHREF]), $OBJ->Values([ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Names([ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Reset
Functions: Dumper(LIST)
Configuration Variables or Methods: $Data::Dumper::Indent or $OBJ->Indent([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Purity or $OBJ->Purity([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Pad or $OBJ->Pad([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Varname or $OBJ->Varname([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Useqq or $OBJ->Useqq([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Terse or $OBJ->Terse([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Freezer or $OBJ->Freezer([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Toaster or $OBJ->Toaster([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy or $OBJ->Deepcopy([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys or $OBJ->Quotekeys([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Bless or $OBJ->Bless([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth or $OBJ->Maxdepth([NEWVAL])
Exports: Dumper

EXAMPLES

BUGS

AUTHOR

VERSION

SEE ALSO

Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
PROFILE FORMAT
AUTOLOAD
ENVIRONMENT
BUGS
SEE ALSO

Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Memory footprint debugging

EXAMPLES

A simple scalar string
A simple scalar number
A simple scalar with an extra reference
A reference to a simple scalar
A reference to an array
A reference to a hash
Dumping a large array or hash
A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
A reference to a subroutine

EXPORTS

BUGS

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Creation: arrayDepth, hashDepth, compactDump, veryCompact, globPrint, DumpDBFiles, DumpPackages, DumpReused, tick, HighBit, printUndef, UsageOnly, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, stopDbSignal
Methods: dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump, veryCompact, set, get

DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()
AUTHOR

DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS

Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
LIMITATIONS
AUTHOR

Errno - System errno constants

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CAVEATS
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

Exporter - Implements default import method for modules

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

How to Export
Selecting What To Export
Specialised Import Lists
Exporting without using Export's import method
Module Version Checking
Managing Unknown Symbols
Tag Handling Utility Functions

Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts

SYNOPIS
DESCRIPTION

ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

cat

eqtime src dst

rm_f files...

touch files ..

mv source... destination

cp source... destination

chmod mode files..

mkpath directory..

test_f file

BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
@EXPORT
FUNCTIONS: xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
USAGE
FUNCTIONS: new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(), packlist(), version()
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR

ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions

EXTRALIBS
LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
BSLOADLIBS

PORTABILITY

VMS implementation
Win32 implementation

SEE ALSO

ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive

ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

METHODS

Preloaded methods: canonpath

catdir

catfile

curdir

rootdir

updir

SelfLoaded methods: c_o (o)

cflags (o)

clean (o)

const_cccmd (o)

const_config (o)

const_loadlibs (o)

constants (o)

depend (o)

dir_target (o)

dist (o)

dist_basics (o)

dist_ci (o)

dist_core (o)

dist_dir (o)

dist_test (o)

dlsyms (o)

dynamic (o)

dynamic_bs (o)

dynamic_lib (o)

exescan

extliblist

file_name_is_absolute

find_perl

Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile: fixin

force (o)

guess_name

has_link_code

htmlifypods (o)

init_dirscan

init_main

init_others

install (o)

installbin (o)

libscan (o)

linkext (o)

lsdir

macro (o)

makeaperl (o)

makefile (o)

manifypods (o)

maybe_command

maybe_command_in_dirs

needs_linking (o)

nicetext

parse_version

parse_abstract

pasthru (o)

path

perl_script

perldepend (o)

ppd

perm_rw (o)

perm_rwx (o)

pm_to_blib

post_constants (o)

post_initialize (o)

postamble (o)

prefixify

processPL (o)

realclean (o)

replace_manpage_separator

static (o)

static_lib (o)

staticmake (o)

subdir_x (o)

subdirs (o)

test (o)

test_via_harness (o)

test_via_script (o)

tool_autosplit (o)

tools_other (o)

tool_xsubpp (o)

top_targets (o)

writedoc

xs_c (o)

xs_cpp (o)

xs_o (o)

perl_archive

export_list

SEE ALSO

ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Methods always loaded: wraplist

rootdir (override)

SelfLoaded methods: guess_name (override)

find_perl (override)

path (override)

maybe_command (override)

maybe_command_in_dirs (override)

perl_script (override)

file_name_is_absolute (override)

replace_manpage_separator

init_others (override)

constants (override)

cflags (override)

const_cccmd (override)

pm_to_blib (override)

tool_autosplit (override)

tool_sxubpp (override)

xsubpp_version (override)

tools_other (override)

dist (override)

c_o (override)

xs_c (override)

xs_o (override)

top_targets (override)

dlsyms (override)

dynamic_lib (override)

dynamic_bs (override)

static_lib (override)

manifypods (override)

processPL (override)

installbin (override)

subdir_x (override)

clean (override)

realclean (override)

dist_basics (override)

dist_core (override)

dist_dir (override)

dist_test (override)

install (override)

perldepend (override)

makefile (override)

test (override)

test_via_harness (override)

test_via_script (override)

makeaperl (override)

nicetext (override)

ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

catfile

constants (o)

static_lib (o)

dynamic_bs (o)

dynamic_lib (o)

canonpath

perl_script

pm_to_blib

test_via_harness (o)

tool_autosplit (override)

tools_other (o)

xs_o (o)

top_targets (o)

htmlifypods (o)

manifypods (o)

dist_ci (o)

dist_core (o)

pasthru (o)

ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

How To Write A Makefile.PL

Default Makefile Behaviour

make test

make testdb

make install

PREFIX and LIB attribute

AFS users

Static Linking of a new Perl Binary

Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations

Which architecture dependent directory?

Using Attributes and Parameters

ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS, HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR, INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION

Additional lowercase attributes

clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test, tool_autosplit

Overriding MakeMaker Methods

Hintsfile support

Distribution Support

 make distcheck,    make skipcheck,	 make distclean,    make manifest, 
make distdir,    make tardist,    make dist,	  make uutardist,    make
shdist,    make zipdist,    make ci

Disabling an extension

ENVIRONMENT

PERL_MM_OPT

SEE ALSO

AUTHORS

ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
MANIFEST.SKIP
EXPORT_OK
GLOBAL VARIABLES
DIAGNOSTICS: Not in MANIFEST: file, No such file: file, MANIFEST: $!, Added to MANIFEST: file
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic extension

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
AUTHOR
REVISION

ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
USAGE
FUNCTIONS: new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR

ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
EXPORTED SYMBOLS

File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
EXAMPLES: basename, dirname

File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
RETURN
AUTHOR

File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Special behaviour if syscopy is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32): rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])

RETURN

AUTHOR

File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPORTS (by request only)
BUGS
AUTHOR
HISTORY
SEE ALSO

File::Find, find - traverse a file tree

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: wanted, bydepth, preprocess, postprocess, follow, follow_fast, follow_skip, no_chdir, untaint, untaint_pattern, untaint_skip
CAVEAT

File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: GLOB_ERR, GLOB_MARK, GLOB_NOCASE, GLOB_NOCHECK, GLOB_NOSORT, GLOB_BRACE, GLOB_NOMAGIC, GLOB_QUOTE, GLOB_TILDE, GLOB_CSH
DIAGNOSTICS: GLOB_NOSPACE, GLOB_ABEND
NOTES
AUTHOR

File::Path - create or remove directory trees

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHORS

File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS

File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: devnull

tmpdir

path

canonpath

splitpath

splitdir

catpath

abs2rel

rel2abs

SEE ALSO

File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Exports

SEE ALSO

File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS: canonpath

catdir

catfile

curdir

devnull

rootdir

tmpdir

updir

file_name_is_absolute

path

splitpath

splitdir

catpath

abs2rel

rel2abs

SEE ALSO

File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS: canonpath

catdir

catfile

curdir

devnull

rootdir

tmpdir

updir

no_upwards

case_tolerant

file_name_is_absolute

path

join

splitpath

splitdir

catpath

abs2rel

rel2abs

SEE ALSO

File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: eliminate_macros

fixpath

Methods always loaded: canonpath (override)

catdir

catfile

curdir (override)

devnull (override)

rootdir (override)

tmpdir (override)

updir (override)

case_tolerant (override)

path (override)

file_name_is_absolute (override)

splitpath (override)

splitdir (override)

catpath (override)

abs2rel (override)

rel2abs (override)

SEE ALSO

File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: devnull

tmpdir

catfile

canonpath

splitpath

splitdir

catpath

SEE ALSO

File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely

PORTABILITY
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

FUNCTIONS: tempfile

tempdir

MKTEMP FUNCTIONS: mkstemp

mkstemps

mkdtemp

mktemp

POSIX FUNCTIONS: tmpnam

tmpfile

ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS: tempnam

UTILITY FUNCTIONS: unlink0

PACKAGE VARIABLES: safe_level, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH

TopSystemUID

WARNING

Temporary files and NFS

HISTORY

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR

FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS

FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
SEE ALSO

FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
KNOWN BUGS
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT

GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AVAILABILITY
BUGS
SEE ALSO

Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Command Line Options, an Introduction

Getting Started with Getopt::Long

Simple options
A little bit less simple options
Mixing command line option with other arguments
Options with values
Options with multiple values
Options with hash values
User-defined subroutines to handle options
Options with multiple names
Case and abbreviations
Summary of Option Specifications: !, +, s, i, f, : type [ desttype ]

Advanced Possibilities

Object oriented interface
Documentation and help texts
Storing options in a hash
Bundling
The lonesome dash
Argument call-back

Configuring Getopt::Long

default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt, require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)

Return values and Errors

Legacy

Default destinations
Alternative option starters
Configuration variables

Trouble Shooting

Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not supplied

AUTHOR

COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER

Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch clustering

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

IO - load various IO modules

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
METHODS: open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
SEE ALSO
HISTORY

IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
METHODS: $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
NOTE
SEE ALSO
BUGS
HISTORY

IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [READER, WRITER] )
METHODS: reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS: mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell
HISTORY

IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [ HANDLES ] )
METHODS: add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [ARGS] )
METHODS: accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

CONSTRUCTOR

new ( [ARGS] )

METHODS: sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost ()

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

COPYRIGHT

IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [ARGS] )
METHODS: hostpath(), peerpath()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
METHODS: open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
SEE ALSO
HISTORY

IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
METHODS: $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
NOTE
SEE ALSO
BUGS
HISTORY

IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [READER, WRITER] )
METHODS: reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS: mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell
HISTORY

IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [ HANDLES ] )
METHODS: add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [ARGS] )
METHODS: accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

CONSTRUCTOR

new ( [ARGS] )

METHODS: sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost ()

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

COPYRIGHT

IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [ARGS] )
METHODS: hostpath(), peerpath()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS: new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WARNING
SEE ALSO

IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error handling

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WARNING

IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS: new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: ftok( PATH, ID )
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT

IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS: new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS: new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is performed
BUGS
AUTHOR

Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: Canonical notation, Input, Output
EXAMPLES
Autocreating constants
BUGS
AUTHOR

Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical functions

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

OPERATIONS

CREATION

STRINGIFICATION

CHANGED IN PERL 5.6

USAGE

ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO

ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS

BUGS

AUTHORS

Math::Trig - trigonometric functions

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

tan

ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS

PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS

RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS

COORDINATE SYSTEMS
3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS: cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian, cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical

GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES

EXAMPLES

BUGS

AUTHORS

NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files

SYNOPSIS

O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR

DIAGNOSTICS

ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...

BUGS AND WARNINGS

Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Functions: Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);

WARNING

NOTES

Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
NOTE
AUTHOR

Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
NOTE
AUTHOR

Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR

Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
NOTE
AUTHOR

O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONVENTIONS
IMPLEMENTATION
AUTHOR

ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files

SYNOPSIS

O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR

DIAGNOSTICS

odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...

BUGS AND WARNINGS

Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
WARNING
Operator Names and Operator Lists: an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname or optag, an operator set (opset)
Opcode Functions: opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET), full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...), define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), opdump (PAT)
Manipulating Opsets
TO DO (maybe)

Predefined Opcode Tags: :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math, :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS

Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

a new namespace, an operator mask

WARNING

RECENT CHANGES
Methods in class Safe: permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
Some Safety Issues: Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
AUTHOR

Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

NOTE

CAVEATS

FUNCTIONS

_exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs, wctomb, write

CLASSES

POSIX::SigAction: new
POSIX::SigSet: new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
POSIX::Termios: new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field values, c_oflag field values

PATHNAME CONSTANTS

Constants

POSIX CONSTANTS

Constants

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

Constants

ERRNO

Constants

FCNTL

Constants

FLOAT

Constants

LIMITS

Constants

LOCALE

Constants

MATH

Constants

SIGNAL

Constants

STAT

Constants, Macros

STDLIB

Constants

STDIO

Constants

TIME

Constants

UNISTD

Constants

WAIT

Constants, Macros

Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors

SYNOPSIS

OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS

podchecker(): -warnings => val

DESCRIPTION

DIAGNOSTICS

Errors: empty =headn, =over on line N without closing =back, =item without previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification, unresolved internal link NAME, Unknown command "CMD", Unknown interior-sequence "SEQ", nested commands CMD<...CMD<...>...>, garbled entity STRING, Entity number out of range, malformed link L<>, nonempty Z<>, empty X<>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s) after =back
Warnings: multiple occurence of link target name, line containing nothing but whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, No numeric argument for =over, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (one vs. two), N unescaped <> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
Hyperlinks: collapsing newlines to blanks, ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page' deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /

RETURN VALUE

EXAMPLES

INTERFACE

Pod::Checker->new( %options )

$checker->poderror( @args ), $checker->poderror( {%opts}, @args )

$checker->num_errors()

$checker->name()

$checker->node()

$checker->idx()

$checker->hyperlink()

AUTHOR

Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

pod_find( { %opts } , @directories ): -verbose => 1, -perl => 1, -script => 1, -inc => 1

simplify_name( $str )

pod_where( { %opts }, $pod ): -inc => 1, -dirs => [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ], -verbose => 1

contains_pod( $file , $verbose )

AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ARGUMENTS: backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title, verbose
EXAMPLE
ENVIRONMENT
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT

Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.

SYNOPSIS
REQUIRES
EXPORTS
DESCRIPTION: package Pod::InputSource, package Pod::Paragraph, package Pod::InteriorSequence, package Pod::ParseTree

Pod::InputSource

new()

name()

handle()

was_cutting()

Pod::Paragraph

Pod::Paragraph->new()

$pod_para->cmd_name()

$pod_para->text()

$pod_para->raw_text()

$pod_para->cmd_prefix()

$pod_para->cmd_separator()

$pod_para->parse_tree()

$pod_para->file_line()

Pod::InteriorSequence

Pod::InteriorSequence->new()

$pod_seq->cmd_name()

$pod_seq->prepend()

$pod_seq->append()

$pod_seq->nested()

$pod_seq->raw_text()

$pod_seq->left_delimiter()

$pod_seq->right_delimiter()

$pod_seq->parse_tree()

$pod_seq->file_line()

Pod::InteriorSequence::DESTROY()

Pod::ParseTree

Pod::ParseTree->new()

$ptree->top()

$ptree->children()

$ptree->prepend()

$ptree->append()

$ptree->raw_text()

Pod::ParseTree::DESTROY()

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

OBJECT METHODS: initialize

Data Accessors: AddPreamble

AddPostamble

Head1Level

Label

LevelNoNum

MakeIndex

ReplaceNAMEwithSection

StartWithNewPage

TableOfContents

UniqueLabels

UserPreamble

UserPostamble

Lists

Subclassed methods

begin_pod

end_pod

command

verbatim

textblock

interior_sequence

List Methods: begin_list

end_list

add_item

Methods for headings: head

Internal methods: _output

_replace_special_chars

_create_label

_create_index

_clean_latex_commands

NOTES
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT
REVISION

Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes, release, section
DIAGNOSTICS: roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape E<%s>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on line %d, Unmatched =back
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

Pod::List: Pod::List->new()

$list->file()

$list->start()

$list->indent()

$list->type()

$list->rx()

$list->item()

$list->parent()

$list->tag()

Pod::Hyperlink: Pod::Hyperlink->new()

$link->parse($string)

$link->markup($string)

$link->text()

$link->warning()

$link->file(), $link->line()

$link->page()

$link->node()

$link->alttext()

$link->type()

$link->link()

Pod::Cache: Pod::Cache->new()

$cache->item()

$cache->find_page($name)

Pod::Cache::Item: Pod::Cache::Item->new()

$cacheitem->page()

$cacheitem->description()

$cacheitem->path()

$cacheitem->file()

$cacheitem->nodes()

$cacheitem->find_node($name)

$cacheitem->idx()

AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators

SYNOPSIS
REQUIRES
EXPORTS
DESCRIPTION
QUICK OVERVIEW
PARSING OPTIONS: -want_nonPODs (default: unset), -process_cut_cmd (default: unset), -warnings (default: unset)

RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES

command(): $cmd, $text, $line_num, $pod_para

verbatim(): $text, $line_num, $pod_para

textblock(): $text, $line_num, $pod_para

interior_sequence()

OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES

new()

initialize()

begin_pod()

begin_input()

end_input()

end_pod()

preprocess_line()

preprocess_paragraph()

METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING

parse_text(): -expand_seq => code-ref|method-name, -expand_text => code-ref|method-name, -expand_ptree => code-ref|method-name

interpolate()

parse_paragraph()

parse_from_filehandle()

parse_from_file()

ACCESSOR METHODS

errorsub()

cutting()

parseopts()

output_file()

output_handle()

input_file()

input_handle()

input_streams()

top_stream()

PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA

_push_input_stream()

_pop_input_stream()

TREE-BASED PARSING
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

EXPORT

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from input

SYNOPSIS
REQUIRES
EXPORTS
DESCRIPTION
SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
RANGE SPECIFICATIONS

OBJECT METHODS

curr_headings()

select()

add_selection()

clear_selections()

match_section()

is_selected()

EXPORTED FUNCTIONS

podselect(): -output, -sections, -ranges

PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA

_compile_section_spec()

$self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}

$self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
DIAGNOSTICS: Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape: %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
RESTRICTIONS
NOTES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod documentation

SYNOPSIS

ARGUMENTS

-message, -msg, -exitval, -verbose, -output, -input, -pathlist

DESCRIPTION

EXAMPLES

Recommended Use

CAVEATS

AUTHOR

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR

DIAGNOSTICS

sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...

BUGS AND WARNINGS

Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

a new namespace, an operator mask

WARNING

RECENT CHANGES
Methods in class Safe: permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
Some Safety Issues: Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
AUTHOR

Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

SelfLoader - load functions only on demand

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

The __DATA__ token
SelfLoader autoloading
Autoloading and package lexicals
SelfLoader and AutoLoader
__DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
Classes and inherited methods.

Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names

Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX

AUTHOR

Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN

Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), closelog
EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), closelog
EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
DIAGNOSTICS: Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
RESTRICTIONS
NOTES
AUTHORS

Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES

Term::Complete - Perl word completion module

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: <tab>, ^D, ^U, <del>, <bs>
DIAGNOSTICS
BUGS
AUTHOR

Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various `readline` packages. If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Minimal set of supported functions: ReadLine, new, readline, addhistory, IN, $OUT, MinLine, findConsole, Attribs, Features
Additional supported functions: tkRunning, ornaments, newTTY
EXPORTS
ENVIRONMENT

Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
TEST TYPES: NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
RETURN VALUE
ONFAIL
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

The test script output

EXPORT

DIAGNOSTICS

All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s, FAILED tests %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay., Test returned status %d (wstat %d), Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s, Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay. %s

ENVIRONMENT

SEE ALSO

AUTHORS

BUGS

Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE

Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
AUTHORS

Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
LIMITATIONS
AUTHOR

Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
AUTHOR

Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR

Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS: new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
METHODS: join, eval, detach, equal, tid
LIMITATIONS
SEE ALSO

Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS AND METHODS: new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
SEE ALSO

Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS AND METHODS: new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER

Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS

Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
CAVEATS
AUTHOR

Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied handles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this, EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
MORE INFORMATION
COMPATIBILITY

Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
CAVEATS
MORE INFORMATION

Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
VERSION
SEE ALSO

Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied scalars

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
MORE INFORMATION

Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CAVEATS

Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
IMPLEMENTATION
BUGS

Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR

Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR

Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa ( VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )

User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR

User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

System Specifics

NOTE

AUTHOR

HISTORY

March 18th, 2000

Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions

DESCRIPTION

Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions: Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(), Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(), Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE), Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(), Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE, PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown, Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME), Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID, SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE), Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(), Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)

XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION

Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they don't all have manual pages yet:

a2p
s2p
find2perl
h2ph
c2ph
h2xs
xsubpp
pod2man
wrapsuid

AUTHOR

Larry Wall <larry@wall.org>, with the help of oodles of other folks.

2 POD Errors

The following errors were encountered while parsing the POD:

Around line 2025:: Expected text after =item, not a number
Around line 2027:: Expected text after =item, not a number

To install lib, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.

cpanm

cpanm lib

CPAN shell

perl -MCPAN -e shell
install lib

For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.

	Global
`s`	Focus search bar
`?`	Bring up this help dialog

	GitHub
`g` `p`	Go to pull requests
`g` `i`	go to github issues (only if github is preferred repository)

	POD
`g` `a`	Go to author
`g` `c`	Go to changes
`g` `i`	Go to issues
`g` `d`	Go to dist
`g` `r`	Go to repository/SCM
`g` `s`	Go to source
`g` `b`	Go to file browse

	Search terms
module: (e.g. module:Plugin)
distribution: (e.g. distribution:Dancer auth)
author: (e.g. author:SONGMU Redis)
version: (e.g. version:1.00)