NAME
perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
DESCRIPTION
This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
BASIC DOCUMENTATION
perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping, Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability, Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant, Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability
- ENVIRONMENT
- AUTHOR
- FILES
- SEE ALSO
- DIAGNOSTICS
- BUGS
- NOTES
perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1997/04/24 22:46:06 $)
- DESCRIPTION
-
perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, perlfaq1: General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3: Programming Tools, perlfaq4: Data Manipulation, perlfaq5: Files and Formats, perlfaq6: Regexps, perlfaq7: General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8: System Interaction, perlfaq9: Networking
- Credits
- Author and Copyright Information
- Changes
-
24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97
perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:43:34 $)
- DESCRIPTION
-
- What is Perl?
- Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
- Which version of Perl should I use?
- What are perl4 and perl5?
- How stable is Perl?
- Is Perl difficult to learn?
- How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?
- Can I do [task] in Perl?
- When shouldn't I program in Perl?
- What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
- Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
- What is a JAPH?
- Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
- How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version (5/5.004/Perl instead of some other language)?
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date: 1997/04/23 18:04:09 $)
- DESCRIPTION
-
- What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
- How can I get a binary version of Perl?
- I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
- I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't work.
- I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
- What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?
- Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
- Where can I get information on Perl?
- What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?
- Where should I post source code?
- Perl Books
-
References, Tutorials *Learning Perl [2nd edition] by Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Christiansen, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
- Perl in Magazines
- Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
- What mailing lists are there for perl?
-
MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats
- Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
- Perl Training
- Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
- Where do I send bug reports?
- What is perl.com? perl.org? The Perl Institute?
- How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:43:42 $)
- DESCRIPTION
-
- How do I do (anything)?
- How can I use Perl interactively?
- Is there a Perl shell?
- How do I debug my Perl programs?
- How do I profile my Perl programs?
- How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
- Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
- Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
- Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
- How can I use curses with Perl?
- How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
- What is undump?
- How can I make my Perl program run faster?
- How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
- Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
- How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
- How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
- How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
- How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
- How can I get '#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
- Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?
- Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
- Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
- Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
- Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
- I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C program, what am I doing wrong?
- When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
- What's MakeMaker?
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.19 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:43:57 $)
- DESCRIPTION
- Data: Numbers
-
- Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
- Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
- Does perl have a round function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?
- How do I convert bits into ints?
- How do I multiply matrices?
- How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
- How can I output Roman numerals?
- Why aren't my random numbers random?
- Data: Dates
- Data: Strings
-
- How do I validate input?
- How do I unescape a string?
- How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
- How do I expand function calls in a string?
- How do I find matching/nesting anything?
- How do I reverse a string?
- How do I expand tabs in a string?
- How do I reformat a paragraph?
- How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
- How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
- How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?
- How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
- How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside [character]? (Comma-separated files)
- How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
- How do I extract selected columns from a string?
- How do I find the soundex value of a string?
- How can I expand variables in text strings?
- What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
- Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
-
1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of the tag
- Data: Arrays
-
- What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
- How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?
-
a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:(this assumes all true values in the array), b) If you don't know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like (b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in contains only small positive integers:
- How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
- How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays?
- How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
- How do I handle linked lists?
- How do I handle circular lists?
- How do I shuffle an array randomly?
- How do I process/modify each element of an array?
- How do I select a random element from an array?
- How do I permute N elements of a list?
- How do I sort an array by (anything)?
- How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
- Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
- Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
-
- How do I process an entire hash?
- What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it?
- How do I look up a hash element by value?
- How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
- How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
- How can I always keep my hash sorted?
- What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
- Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
- How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
- How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
- How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
- How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
- Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it?
- How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays?
- How can I use a reference as a hash key?
- Data: Misc
-
- How do I handle binary data correctly?
- How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
- How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
- How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
- How do I define methods for every class/object?
- How do I verify a credit card checksum?
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:02 $)
- DESCRIPTION
-
- How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
- How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
- How do I count the number of lines in a file?
- How do I make a temporary file name?
- How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
- How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
- How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
- How can I write() into a string?
- How can I output my numbers with commas added?
- How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
- How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
- Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
- Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
- How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
- How can I reliably rename a file?
- How can I lock a file?
- What can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
- I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?
- How do I randomly update a binary file?
- How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
- How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
- How do I print to more than one file at once?
- How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
- How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
- How can I tell if there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
- How do I do a
tail -fin perl? - How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
- How do I close a file descriptor by number?
- Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
- Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
- Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does
-iclobber protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? - How do I select a random line from a file?
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:10 $)
- DESCRIPTION
-
- How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and unmaintainable code?
-
Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different Delimiters
- I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
- How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on different lines?
- I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
- How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving case on the RHS?
- How can I make
\wmatch national character sets? - How can I match a locale-smart version of
/[a-zA-Z]/? - How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?
- What is
/oreally for? - How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file?
- Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
- What does it mean that regexps are greedy? How can I get around it?
- How do I process each word on each line?
- How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
- How can I do approximate matching?
- How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
- Why don't word-boundary searches with
\bwork for me? - Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
- What good is
\Gin a regular expression? - Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
- What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
- How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:14 $)
- DESCRIPTION
-
- Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
- What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to use them?
- Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and commas?
- How do I skip some return values?
- How do I temporarily block warnings?
- What's an extension?
- Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
- How do I declare/create a structure?
- How do I create a module?
- How do I create a class?
- How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
- What's a closure?
- What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
- How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regexp}?
-
Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexps, Passing Methods
- How do I create a static variable?
- What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between local() and my()?
- How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical is in scope?
- What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
- Why doesn't "local($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
- How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
- What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
- How do I create a switch or case statement?
- How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
- Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
- How can I find out my current package?
- How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:19 $)
- DESCRIPTION
-
- How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
- How come exec() doesn't return?
- How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
-
Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
- How do I ask the user for a password?
- How do I read and write the serial port?
-
lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
- How do I decode encrypted password files?
- How do I start a process in the background?
-
STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
- How do I trap control characters/signals?
- How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
- How do I set the time and date?
- How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
- How can I measure time under a second?
- How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
- Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
- How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
- Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
- Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
- How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
- Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
- How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
- Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
- What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
- How can I call backticks without shell processing?
- Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?
- How can I convert my shell script to perl?
- Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
- How can I write expect in Perl?
- Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as "ps"?
- I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?
-
Unix, VMS
- How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?
- How do I fork a daemon process?
- How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
- How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
- How do I timeout a slow event?
- How do I set CPU limits?
- How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
- How do I use an SQL database?
- How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
- How do I open a file without blocking?
- How do I install a CPAN module?
- How do I keep my own module/library directory?
- How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library search path?
- How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
- How do I get one key from the terminal at a time, under POSIX?
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:29 $)
- DESCRIPTION
-
- My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can you help me fix it?
- How do I remove HTML from a string?
- How do I extract URLs?
- How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on another machine?
- How do I fetch an HTML file?
- how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
- How do I redirect to another page?
- How do I put a password on my web pages?
- How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
- How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?
- How do I parse a mail header?
- How do I decode a CGI form?
- How do I check a valid mail address?
- How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
- How do I return the user's mail address?
- How do I send/read mail?
- How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
- How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
- How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
- How can I do RPC in Perl?
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
- DESCRIPTION
- Incompatible Changes
- Core Changes
- Modules
- Utility Changes
- C Language API Changes
- Documentation Changes
- BUGS
- SEE ALSO
- HISTORY
perldata - Perl data types
- DESCRIPTION
perlsyn - Perl syntax
- DESCRIPTION
perlop - Perl operators and precedence
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
- Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
- The Arrow Operator
- Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
- Exponentiation
- Symbolic Unary Operators
- Binding Operators
- Multiplicative Operators
- Additive Operators
- Shift Operators
- Named Unary Operators
- Relational Operators
- Equality Operators
- Bitwise And
- Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
- C-style Logical And
- C-style Logical Or
- Range Operators
- Conditional Operator
- Assignment Operators
- Comma Operator
- List Operators (Rightward)
- Logical Not
- Logical And
- Logical or and Exclusive Or
- C Operators Missing From Perl
-
unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
- Quote and Quote-like Operators
- Regexp Quote-Like Operators
-
?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/,
'STRING', qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds - I/O Operators
- Constant Folding
- Bitwise String Operators
- Integer Arithmetic
- Floating-point Arithmetic
- Bigger Numbers
perlre - Perl regular expressions
- DESCRIPTION
-
i, m, s, x
perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
- #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
-
OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh
- Location of Perl
- Switches
-
-0[digits], -a, -c, -d, -d:foo, -Dletters, -Dnumber, -e commandline, -Fpattern, -h, -i[extension], -Idirectory, -l[octnum], -m[-]module, -M[-]module, -M[-]'module ...', -[mM][-]module=arg[,arg]..., -n, -p, -P, -s, -S, -T, -u, -U, -v, -V, -V:name, -w, -x directory
- ENVIRONMENT
-
HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to WIN32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
- DESCRIPTION
-
- Perl Functions by Category
-
Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted in perl5
- Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
-
-X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, abs VALUE, abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package, package NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use Module, use Module VERSION LIST, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
perlvar - Perl predefined variables
- DESCRIPTION
-
- Predefined Names
-
$ARG, $_, $<digits>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $], $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV $ENV{expr}, %SIG $SIG{expr}
perlsub - Perl subroutines
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
- Private Variables via my()
- Peristent Private Variables
- Temporary Values via local()
- Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
- When to Still Use local()
-
1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2. You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3. You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash
- Pass by Reference
- Prototypes
- Constant Functions
- Overriding Builtin Functions
- Autoloading
- SEE ALSO
perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
- DESCRIPTION
- THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
-
- Pragmatic Modules
-
use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), blib, diagnostics, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap, strict, subs, vmsish, vars
- Standard Modules
-
AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::Find, File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode, Pod::Text, POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
- Extension Modules
- CPAN
-
Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages, File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing, Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption, World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities, Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities, Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America, South America
- Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
-
- Guidelines for Module Creation
-
Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, README and other Additional Files, A description of the module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take care when changing a released module
- Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
-
There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
- Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
-
Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
- NOTE
perlform - Perl formats
perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization)
- DESCRIPTION
- PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
- USING LOCALES
- LOCALE CATEGORIES
- SECURITY
-
Comparison operators (
lt,le,ge,gtandcmp):, Case-mapping interpolation (with\l,\L,\uor\U), Matching operator (m//):, Substitution operator (s///):, In-memory formatting function (sprintf()):, Output formatting functions (printf() and write()):, Case-mapping functions (lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, POSIX locale-dependent functions (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, POSIX character class tests (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), isxdigit()): - ENVIRONMENT
-
PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
- NOTES
- BUGS
- SEE ALSO
- HISTORY
perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
- DESCRIPTION
-
arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs
- REFERENCES
- COMMON MISTAKES
- CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
- WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS
use strict - DEBUGGING
- CODE EXAMPLES
- LISTS OF LISTS
- HASHES OF LISTS
- LISTS OF HASHES
- HASHES OF HASHES
- MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
- Database Ties
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
- DESCRIPTION
- Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
- Growing Your Own
- Access and Printing
- Slices
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
- DESCRIPTION
- Creating a Class
- Class Data
- Aggregation
- Inheritance
- Alternate Object Representations
- AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
- Metaclassical Tools
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
- COPYRIGHT
-
- Acknowledgments
perlobj - Perl objects
perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
- Tying Scalars
-
TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
- Tying Arrays
-
TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, DESTROY this
- Tying Hashes
-
USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
- Tying FileHandles
-
TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this
- The
untieGotcha
- SEE ALSO
- BUGS
- AUTHOR
perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
- DESCRIPTION
- OO SCALING TIPS
- INSTANCE VARIABLES
- SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
- INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
- OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
- OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
- USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
- THINKING OF CODE REUSE
- CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
- INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
- DELEGATION
perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
- DESCRIPTION
- Signals
- Named Pipes
-
- WARNING
- Using open() for IPC
- Sockets: Client/Server Communication
- TCP Clients with IO::Socket
- TCP Servers with IO::Socket
-
Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
- UDP: Message Passing
- SysV IPC
- NOTES
- BUGS
- AUTHOR
- SEE ALSO
perldebug - Perl debugging
- DESCRIPTION
- The Perl Debugger
-
- Debugger Commands
-
h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n [expr], <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern], t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] command, A, W [expr], W, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?]..,
recallCommand,ShellBang,pager,tkRunning,signalLevel,warnLevel,dieLevel,AutoTrace,LineInfo,inhibit_exit,PrintRet,ornaments,frame,maxTraceLen,arrayDepth,hashDepth,compactDump,veryCompact,globPrint,DumpDBFiles,DumpPackages,DumpReused,quote,HighBit,undefPrint,UsageOnly,TTY,noTTY,ReadLine,NonStop, < [ command ], << command, > command, >> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, m package - Debugger input/output
-
Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
- Debugging compile-time statements
- Debugger Customization
- Readline Support
- Editor Support for Debugging
- The Perl Profiler
- Debugger support in perl
- Debugger Internals
- Other resources
- BUGS
- Debugging Perl memory usage
perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
- DESCRIPTION
perlsec - Perl security
perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
- DESCRIPTION
-
- Awk Traps
- C Traps
- Sed Traps
- Shell Traps
- Perl Traps
- Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
-
Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
- Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
-
Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
- Parsing Traps
-
Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
- Numerical Traps
-
Numerical, Numerical, Numerical
- General data type traps
-
(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
- Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
-
(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
- Precedence Traps
-
Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence
- General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
-
Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression
- Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
-
(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
- OS Traps
-
(SysV), (SysV)
- Interpolation Traps
-
Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
- DBM Traps
-
DBM, DBM
- Unclassified Traps
-
require/dotrap using returned value,spliton empty string with LIMIT specified
perlstyle - Perl style guide
- DESCRIPTION
perlpod - plain old documentation
perlbook - Perl book information
- DESCRIPTION
perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
- DESCRIPTION
-
- PREAMBLE
-
Use C from Perl?, Use a Unix program from Perl?, Use Perl from Perl?, Use C from C?, Use Perl from C?
- ROADMAP
- Compiling your C program
- Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
- Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
- Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
- Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
- Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
- Maintaining a persistent interpreter
- Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
- Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C program
- Embedding Perl under Win32
- MORAL
- AUTHOR
- COPYRIGHT
perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
PerlIO *, PerlIO_stdin(), PerlIO_stdout(), PerlIO_stderr(), PerlIO_open(path, mode), PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode), PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...), PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a), PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...), PerlIO_read(f,buf,count), PerlIO_write(f,buf,count), PerlIO_close(f), PerlIO_puts(f,s), PerlIO_putc(f,c), PerlIO_ungetc(f,c), PerlIO_getc(f), PerlIO_eof(f), PerlIO_error(f), PerlIO_fileno(f), PerlIO_clearerr(f), PerlIO_flush(f), PerlIO_tell(f), PerlIO_seek(f,o,w), PerlIO_getpos(f,p), PerlIO_setpos(f,p), PerlIO_rewind(f), PerlIO_tmpfile()
- Co-existence with stdio
-
PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags), PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags), PerlIO_findFILE(f), PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f), PerlIO_setlinebuf(f), PerlIO_has_cntptr(f), PerlIO_get_ptr(f), PerlIO_get_cnt(f), PerlIO_canset_cnt(f), PerlIO_fast_gets(f), PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c), PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c), PerlIO_has_base(f), PerlIO_get_base(f), PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)
perlxs - XS language reference manual
- DESCRIPTION
-
- Introduction
- On The Road
- The Anatomy of an XSUB
- The Argument Stack
- The RETVAL Variable
- The MODULE Keyword
- The PACKAGE Keyword
- The PREFIX Keyword
- The OUTPUT: Keyword
- The CODE: Keyword
- The INIT: Keyword
- The NO_INIT Keyword
- Initializing Function Parameters
- Default Parameter Values
- The PREINIT: Keyword
- The SCOPE: Keyword
- The INPUT: Keyword
- Variable-length Parameter Lists
- The C_ARGS: Keyword
- The PPCODE: Keyword
- Returning Undef And Empty Lists
- The REQUIRE: Keyword
- The CLEANUP: Keyword
- The BOOT: Keyword
- The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
- The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
- The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
- The ALIAS: Keyword
- The INTERFACE: Keyword
- The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
- The INCLUDE: Keyword
- The CASE: Keyword
- The & Unary Operator
- Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
- Using XS With C++
- Interface Strategy
- Perl Objects And C Structures
- The Typemap
- EXAMPLES
- XS VERSION
- AUTHOR
perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs
- DESCRIPTION
-
- VERSION CAVEAT
- DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC
- EXAMPLE 1
- EXAMPLE 2
- WHAT HAS GONE ON?
- WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS
- EXAMPLE 3
- WHAT'S NEW HERE?
- INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS
- THE XSUBPP COMPILER
- THE TYPEMAP FILE
- WARNING
- EXAMPLE 4
- WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?
- SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP
- THE ARGUMENT STACK
- EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION
- DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION
- INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION
- SEE ALSO
- Author
- Last Changed
perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions
- DESCRIPTION
- Variables
-
- Datatypes
- What is an "IV"?
- Working with SVs
- What's Really Stored in an SV?
- Working with AVs
- Working with HVs
- Hash API Extensions
- References
- Blessed References and Class Objects
- Creating New Variables
- Reference Counts and Mortality
- Stashes and Globs
- Double-Typed SVs
- Magic Variables
- Assigning Magic
- Magic Virtual Tables
- Finding Magic
- Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
- Localizing changes
-
SAVEINT(int i),SAVEIV(IV i),SAVEI32(I32 i),SAVELONG(long i),SAVESPTR(s),SAVEPPTR(p),SAVEFREESV(SV *sv),SAVEFREEOP(OP *op),SAVEFREEPV(p),SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv),SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length),SAVEDESTRUCTOR(f,p),SAVESTACK_POS(),SV* save_scalar(GV *gv),AV* save_ary(GV *gv),HV* save_hash(GV *gv),void save_item(SV *item),void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg),SV* save_svref(SV **sptr),void save_aptr(AV **aptr),void save_hptr(HV **hptr)
- Subroutines
- Compiled code
- API LISTING
-
av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, AvFILL, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, do_binmode, ENTER, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME, GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, G_VOID, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear, hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv, perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_eval_pv, perl_free, perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse, perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc, saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_derived_from, SvEND, sv_eq, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, sv_isobject, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, SvNIOK, SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, sv_no, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPV_force, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, sv_undef, sv_unref, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_vcatpvfn(sv, pat, patlen, args, svargs, svmax, used_locale), sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, patlen, args, svargs, svmax, used_locale), SvUV, SvUVX, sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV, XST_mNO, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
- AUTHORS
perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
- DESCRIPTION
-
An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
- THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
-
perl_call_sv, perl_call_pv, perl_call_method, perl_call_argv
- FLAG VALUES
- KNOWN PROBLEMS
- EXAMPLES
-
- No Parameters, Nothing returned
- Passing Parameters
- Returning a Scalar
- Returning a list of values
- Returning a list in a scalar context
- Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
- Using G_EVAL
- Using G_KEEPERR
- Using perl_call_sv
- Using perl_call_argv
- Using perl_call_method
- Using GIMME_V
- Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
- Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
-
1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback
- Alternate Stack Manipulation
- Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
- DATE
perlhist - the Perl history records
PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
method, locked
autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- BUGS
blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- BUGS
- AUTHOR
constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics
fields - compile-time class fields
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of double
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
overload - Package for overloading perl operations
- SYNOPSIS
- CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
- DESCRIPTION
-
- Declaration of overloaded functions
- Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
-
FALSE, TRUE,
undef - Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
- Overloadable Operations
-
Arithmetic operations, Comparison operations, Bit operations, Increment and decrement, Transcendental functions, Boolean, string and numeric conversion, Special
- Inheritance and overloading
-
Strings as values of
use overloaddirective, Overloading of an operation is inherited by derived classes
- SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR
use overload - MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
-
Assignment forms of arithmetic operations, Conversion operations, Increment and decrement,
abs($a), Unary minus, Negation, Concatenation, Comparison operations, Copy operator - WARNING
- Run-time Overloading
- Public functions
-
overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
- IMPLEMENTATION
- AUTHOR
- DIAGNOSTICS
- BUGS
sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- OPTIONS
- EXAMPLES
strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
strict refs,strict vars,strict subs
subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
MODULE DOCUMENTATION
AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
B::Lint - Perl lint
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
-
context, implicit-read and implicit-write, dollar-underscore, private-names, undefined-subs, regexp-variables, all, none
- NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
-
-u Package
- BUGS
- AUTHOR
B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- OPTIONS
-
-oFILENAME,-r,-D[tO] - BUGS
- AUTHOR
Benchmark - benchmark running times of code
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
- Methods
-
new, debug
- Standard Exports
-
timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
- Optional Exports
-
clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( )
- NOTES
- INHERITANCE
- CAVEATS
- AUTHORS
- MODIFICATION HISTORY
Bundle::CPAN - A bundle to play with all the other modules on CPAN
- SYNOPSIS
- CONTENTS
- DESCRIPTION
- AUTHOR
CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
- SYNOPSIS
- ABSTRACT
- INSTALLATION
- DESCRIPTION
-
- CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT:
- CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
- FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
- FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
- FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
- SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
- APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
- IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
- DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
- DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
- SAVING THE STATE OF THE FORM TO A FILE:
- CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
- COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
- CALLING CGI FUNCTIONS THAT TAKE MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS
- CREATING THE HTTP HEADER:
- GENERATING A REDIRECTION INSTRUCTION
- CREATING THE HTML HEADER:
-
Parameters:, 4, 5, 6..
- ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
- CREATING FORMS
-
- CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
- STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
-
application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-data
- CREATING A TEXT FIELD
-
Parameters
- CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
- CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
- CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
-
Parameters
- CREATING A POPUP MENU
- CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
-
Parameters:
- CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
-
Parameters:
- CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
-
Parameters:
- CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
-
Parameters:
- CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
-
Parameters:
- CREATING A RESET BUTTON
- CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
- CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
-
Parameters:
- CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
-
Parameters:, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
- CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
- NETSCAPE COOKIES
-
1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag, -name, -value, -path, -domain, -expires, -secure
- WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
-
1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in the <FORM> tag
- LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
- DEBUGGING
- FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
-
accept(), raw_cookie(), user_agent(), path_info(), path_translated(), remote_host(), script_name()Return the script name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, referer(), auth_type (), server_name (), virtual_host (), server_software (), remote_user (), user_name (), request_method()
- CREATING HTML ELEMENTS
- IMPORTING CGI METHOD CALLS INTO YOUR NAME SPACE
-
cgi, form, html2, html3, netscape, shortcuts, standard, all
- USING NPH SCRIPTS
-
In the use statementSimply add ":nph" to the list of symbols to be imported into your script:, By calling the nph() method:, By using -nph parameters in the header() and redirect() statements:
- AUTHOR INFORMATION
- CREDITS
-
Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), ...and many many more..
- A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
- BUGS
- SEE ALSO
CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
CGI::Carp, CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
- MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
- CHANGE LOG
- AUTHORS
- SEE ALSO
CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
- WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
- INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
- USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
- CAVEATS
- AUTHOR INFORMATION
- BUGS
- SEE ALSO
CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- USING CGI::Push
-
-next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
- INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
- CAVEATS
- AUTHOR INFORMATION
- BUGS
- SEE ALSO
CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first object available
CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
- Interactive Mode
-
Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or distribution
- CPAN::Shell
- autobundle
- recompile
- The four
CPAN::*Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution - Programmer's interface
-
expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
- Methods in the four
- Cache Manager
- Bundles
- Prerequisites
- Debugging
- Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz
- CONFIGURATION
-
o conf <scalar option>, o conf <scalar option> <value>, o conf <list option>, o conf <list option> [shift|pop], o conf <list option> [unshift|push|splice] <list>
- SECURITY
- EXPORT
- BUGS
- AUTHOR
- SEE ALSO
CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
DB_HASH, DB_BTREE, DB_RECNO
- DB_HASH
- DB_BTREE
- DB_RECNO
- THE API INTERFACE
-
$status = $X->get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->del($key [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->fd ;, $status = $X->seq($key, $value, $flags) ;, $status = $X->sync([$flags]) ;
- HINTS AND TIPS
- COMMON QUESTIONS
- HISTORY
- BUGS
- AVAILABILITY
- COPYRIGHT
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
Env - perl module that imports environment variables
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- AUTHOR
Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files .., mv source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath directory.., test_f file
- BUGS
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- @EXPORT
- FUNCTIONS
-
xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
- EXAMPLES
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- USAGE
- FUNCTIONS
-
new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(), packlist(), version()
- AUTHOR
ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
- PORTABILITY
- SEE ALSO
ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- METHODS
-
- Preloaded methods
-
canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir
- SelfLoaded methods
-
c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o), const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o), dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o), dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan, extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl
- Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
-
fixin, force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main, init_others, install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, macro (o), makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command, maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, pasthru (o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o), post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean (o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o), subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script (o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o), writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list
- SEE ALSO
ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
- Methods always loaded
-
eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override), rootdir (override), updir (override)
- SelfLoaded methods
-
guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command (override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override), file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others (override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd (override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp (override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist (override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets (override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs (override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL (override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override), realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override), dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend (override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext (override)
ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
catfile, constants (o), static_lib (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), canonpath, perl_script, pm_to_blib, test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit (override), tools_other (o), xs_o (o), top_targets (o), manifypods (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o)
ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
- How To Write A Makefile.PL
- Default Makefile Behaviour
- make test
- make testdb
- make install
- PREFIX and LIB attribute
- AFS users
- Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
- Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
- Which architecture dependent directory?
- Using Attributes and Parameters
-
C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
- Additional lowercase attributes
-
clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean, tool_autosplit
- Overriding MakeMaker Methods
- Hintsfile support
- Distribution Support
-
make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest, make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
- Disabling an extension
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHORS
ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- MANIFEST.SKIP
- EXPORT_OK
- GLOBAL VARIABLES
- DIAGNOSTICS
-
Not in MANIFEST:file,No such file:file,MANIFEST:$!,Added to MANIFEST:file - SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic extension
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE
- AUTHOR
- REVISION
ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- USAGE
- FUNCTIONS
-
new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
- AUTHOR
ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- AUTHOR
Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
- EXAMPLES
-
basename,dirname
File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- RETURN
- AUTHOR
File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- RETURN
- AUTHOR
File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- BUGS
File::Path - create or remove a series of directories
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- AUTHORS
- REVISION
File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- NOTE
- AUTHOR
FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- BUGS
FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line options
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
!, +, :s, :i, :f
- COMPATIBILITY
- EXAMPLES
- CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
-
default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling (default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case (default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default: reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: reset)
- OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
-
$Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error
- AUTHOR
- COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch clustering
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
IO - load various IO modules
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- CONSTRUCTOR
-
new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
- METHODS
-
open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
- SEE ALSO
- HISTORY
IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- CONSTRUCTOR
-
new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
- METHODS
-
$fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines, $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush, $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
- NOTE
- SEE ALSO
- BUGS
- HISTORY
IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- CONSTRCUTOR
-
new ( [READER, WRITER] )
- METHODS
-
reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
- COPYRIGHT
IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- CONSTRUCTOR
-
new ( [ HANDLES ] )
- METHODS
-
add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
- EXAMPLE
- AUTHOR
- COPYRIGHT
IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- CONSTRUCTOR
-
new ( [ARGS] )
- METHODS
-
accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol
- SUB-CLASSES
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
- COPYRIGHT
IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- WARNING
Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to
- BUGS
- AUTHOR
Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
Canonical notation, Input, Output
- EXAMPLES
- BUGS
- AUTHOR
Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- OPERATIONS
- CREATION
- STRINGIFICATION
- USAGE
- ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
- ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
- BUGS
- AUTHORS
Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
- Functions
-
Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
- WARNING
- NOTES
Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- EXAMPLES
- NOTE
- AUTHOR
Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- EXAMPLES
- NOTE
- AUTHOR
Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- NOTE
- AUTHOR
Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- EXAMPLES
- NOTE
- AUTHOR
ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- NOTE
- WARNING
- Operator Names and Operator Lists
-
an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname or optag, an operator set (opset)
- Opcode Functions
-
opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET), full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...), define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), opdump (PAT)
- Manipulating Opsets
- TO DO (maybe)
- Predefined Opcode Tags
-
:base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math, :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHORS
Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
a new namespace, an operator mask
- WARNING
-
- RECENT CHANGES
- Methods in class Safe
-
permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
- Some Safety Issues
-
Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
- AUTHOR
Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- NOTE
- CAVEATS
- FUNCTIONS
-
_exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs, wctomb, write
- CLASSES
-
- POSIX::SigAction
-
new
- POSIX::SigSet
-
new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
- POSIX::Termios
-
new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field values, c_oflag field values
- PATHNAME CONSTANTS
-
Constants
- POSIX CONSTANTS
-
Constants
- SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
-
Constants
- ERRNO
-
Constants
- FCNTL
-
Constants
- FLOAT
-
Constants
- LIMITS
-
Constants
- LOCALE
-
Constants
- MATH
-
Constants
- SIGNAL
-
Constants
- STAT
-
Constants, Macros
- STDLIB
-
Constants
- STDIO
-
Constants
- TIME
-
Constants
- UNISTD
-
Constants
- WAIT
-
Constants, Macros
- CREATION
Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- ARGUMENTS
-
help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, netscape, nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose
- EXAMPLE
- AUTHOR
- BUGS
- SEE ALSO
- COPYRIGHT
Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- AUTHOR
- TODO
SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- AUTHOR
Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- AUTHOR
Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_03) Sets the socket type to be used for the next call to
openlog()orsyslog().A value of 'unix' will connect to the UNIX domain socket returned by
_PATH_LOGin syslog.ph. If syslog.ph fails to define_PATH_LOG,setlogsockreturnsundef; otherwise a true value is returned. A value of 'inet' will connect to an INET socket returned by getservbyname(). Any other value croaks, closelog - EXAMPLES
- DEPENDENCIES
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- EXAMPLES
Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
<tab>, ^D, ^U, <del>, <bs>
- DIAGNOSTICS
- BUGS
- AUTHOR
Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various readline packages. If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- Minimal set of supported functions
-
ReadLine,new,readline,addhistory,IN, $OUT,MinLine,findConsole, Attribs,Features - Additional supported functions
-
tkRunning,ornaments,newTTY - EXPORTS
- ENVIRONMENT
Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- EXPORT
- DIAGNOSTICS
-
All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s,FAILED tests %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.,Test returned status %d (wstat %d),Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s,Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay. %s - SEE ALSO
- AUTHORS
- BUGS
Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- EXAMPLE
Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- EXAMPLES
-
0a simple word, 1multiple spaces are skipped because of our $delim, 2use of quotes to include a space in a word, 3use of a backslash to include a space in a word, 4use of a backslash to remove the special meaning of a double-quote, 5another simple word (note the lack of effect of the backslashed double-quote)
- AUTHORS
Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- EXAMPLES
- LIMITATIONS
- AUTHOR
Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- BUGS
- AUTHOR
Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- EXAMPLE
- BUGS
- AUTHOR
Thread - multithreading
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- FUNCTIONS
-
new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
- METHODS
-
join, eval, tid
- LIMITATIONS
- SEE ALSO
Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- BUGS
Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
- SYNOPSIS
Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
- CAVEATS
- AUTHOR
Tie::Handle - base class definitions for tied handles
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
- MORE INFORMATION
Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
- CAVEATS
- MORE INFORMATION
Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied scalars
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
- MORE INFORMATION
Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- CAVEATS
Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- NOTE
- AUTHOR
Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- NOTE
- AUTHOR
Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- AUTHOR
UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
-
isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa ( VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- NOTE
- AUTHOR
User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- NOTE
- AUTHOR
AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they don't all have manual pages yet:
- a2p
- s2p
- find2perl
- h2ph
- c2ph
- h2xs
- xsubpp
- pod2man
- wrapsuid
AUTHOR
Larry Wall <larry@wall.org>, with the help of oodles of other folks.
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- Around line 3812:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 3814:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 3820:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 3822:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 3830:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 3832:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 3840:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 3842:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 3848:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 3850:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 3858:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 3860:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 3874:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 3876:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 3886:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 3889:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 3928:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 3931:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 3935:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 3938:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 3942:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 3944:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 3948:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 3950:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 3966:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 3969:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 3991:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 3993:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4011:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4014:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4022:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4025:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4045:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4048:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4086:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4088:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4096:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4099:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4105:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4107:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4117:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4119:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4131:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4134:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4154:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4156:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4176:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4178:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4182:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4184:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4201:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4204:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4214:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4217:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4227:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4230:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4238:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4241:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4251:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4253:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4257:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4259:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4294:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4297:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4324:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4327:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4333:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4335:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4460:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4462:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4481:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4483:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4491:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4493:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4497:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4499:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4503:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4505:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4509:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4511:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4533:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4535:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4541:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4544:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4554:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4556:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4560:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4562:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4568:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4571:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4594:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4596:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4602:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4604:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4616:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4619:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4636:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4638:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4652:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4654:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4679:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4681:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4687:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4690:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4704:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4707:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4717:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4720:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4728:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4730:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4740:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4742:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4760:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4762:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4772:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4774:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4782:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4784:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4790:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4792:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4794:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4796:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4809:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4811:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4821:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4823:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4834:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4836:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4848:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4851:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4859:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4861:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4867:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4869:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4873:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4876:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4884:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4887:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4895:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4897:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4903:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4905:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4912:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4915:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4923:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 4926:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4934:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head1'
- Around line 4939:
'=item' outside of any '=over'
- Around line 4957:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head1'