/ 
Data-Clone-0.005
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/ Data::Clone

NAME

Data::Clone - Polymorphic data cloning

VERSION

This document describes Data::Clone version 0.004.

SYNOPSIS

# as a function
use Data::Clone;

my $data   = YAML::Load("foo.yml"); # complex data structure
my $cloned = clone($data);

# makes Foo clonable
package Foo;
use Data::Clone;
# ...

# Foo is clonable
my $o = Foo->new();
my $c = clone($o); # $o is deeply copied

# used for custom clone methods
package Bar;
use Data::Clone qw(data_clone);
sub clone {
    my($proto) = @_;
    my $object = data_clone($proto);
    $object->do_something();
    return $object;
}
# ...

# Bar is also clonable
$o = Bar->new();
$c = clone($o); # Bar::clone() is called

DESCRIPTION

Data::Clone does data cloning, i.e. copies things recursively. This is smart so that it works with not only non-blessed references, but also with blessed references (i.e. objects). When clone() finds an object, it calls a clone method of the object if the object has a clone, otherwise it makes a surface copy of the object. That is, this module does polymorphic data cloning.

Although there are several modules on CPAN which can clone data, this module has a different cloning policy from almost all of them. See "Cloning policy" and "Comparison to other cloning modules" for details.

Cloning policy

A cloning policy is a rule that how a cloning routine copies data. Here is the cloning policy of Data::Clone.

Non-reference values

Non-reference values are copied normally, which will drop their magics.

Scalar references

Scalar references including references to other types of references are not copied deeply. They are copied on surface because it is typically used to refer to something unique, namely global variables or magical variables.

Array references

Array references are copied deeply. The cloning policy is applied to each value recursively.

Hash references

Hash references are copied deeply. The cloning policy is applied to each value recursively.

Glob, IO and Code references

These references are not copied deeply. They are copied on surface.

Blessed references (objects)

Blessed references are not copied deeply by default, because objects might have external resources which Data::Clone could not deal with. They will be copied deeply only if Data::Clone knows they are clonable, i.e. they have a clone method.

If you want to make an object clonable, you can use the clone() function as a method:

package Your::Class;
use Data::Clone;

# ...
my $your_class = Your::Class->new();

my $c = clone($your_object); # $your_object->clone() will be called

Or you can import data_clone() function to define your custom clone method:

package Your::Class;
use Data::Clone qw(data_clone);

sub clone {
    my($proto) = @_;
    my $object = data_clone($proto);
    # anything what you want
    return $object;
}

Of course, you can use Clone::clone(), Storable::dclone(), and/or anything you want as an implementation of clone methods.

Comparison to other cloning modules

There are modules which does data cloning.

Storable is a standard module which can clone data with dclone(). It has a different cloning policy from Data::Clone. By default it tries to make a deep copy of all the data including blessed references, but you can change its behaviour with specific hook methods.

Clone is a well-known cloning module, but it does not polymorphic cloning. This makes a deep copy of data regardless of its types. Moreover, there is no way to change its behaviour, so this is useful only for data which link to no external resources.

Data::Clone makes a deep copy of data only if it knows that the data are clonable. You can change its behaviour simply by defining clone methods. It also exceeds Storable and Clone in performance.

INTERFACE

Exported functions

clone(Scalar)

Returns a copy of Scalar.

Exportable functions

data_clone(Scalar)

Returns a copy of Scalar.

The same as clone(). Provided for custom clone methods.

is_cloning()

Returns true inside the clone() function, false otherwise.

DEPENDENCIES

Perl 5.8.1 or later, and a C compiler.

BUGS

No bugs have been reported.

Please report any bugs or feature requests to the author.

SEE ALSO

Storable

Clone

AUTHOR

Goro Fuji (gfx) <gfuji(at)cpan.org>

LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT

Copyright (c) 2010, Goro Fuji (gfx). All rights reserved.

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.