NAME
atonal-util - routines for atonal composition and analysis
SYNOPSIS
Prime form and APIC vector for a pitch set:
$ atonal-util basic --ly f fis cApply a series of transformations to a pitch set:
$ cat rules
retrograde
invert 6
transpose 1
$ atonal-util recipe --file=rules 0 11 3
4,8,7Among many other options.
DESCRIPTION
Routines for atonal music composition and analysis, plus other music theory or composition related tasks. Global options and a mode must be supplied, followed by any mode specific arguments. Most modes accept pitch sets, though some perform other tasks and thus expect various input formats. Pitch sets can be read as arguments or from standard input; some modes require two pitch sets that must be supplied one per line on standard input.
The output will vary depending on the mode, and may include Cope tension numbers (average, min, max tension for the pitch set). Other programs should not be written to use this program, as the output may change. Use the underlying code or modules called by this program, as this program is intended for interactive use.
OPTIONS
This program currently supports the following global command line switches:
- --flats | --noflats
-
Uses flats instead of sharps in output (but only with --ly). Specify --noflats to disable flats, in the event you have an alias that sets --flats by default. There is currently no --sharps option, sorry.
Doubleflats or doublesharps are not supported in the output, as they will be rendered to the underlying note (e.g. for
Fxthe output would beG). Doubleflats or doublesharps can be specified in the input, though. - --help
-
Displays help and exits the program.
- --listmodes
-
Displays supported operation modes and exits the program.
- --ly
-
Show lilypond note names instead of raw pitch numbers.
- --scaledegrees
-
Adjust the number of scale degrees (default: 12). May cause strange, untested results from various calculations, use with caution. Rhythm work might benefit from setting this to 16, depending.
MODES
Most modes accept a pitch set. These comprise raw pitch numbers (integers), or lilypond note names (bis, c, des, etc.), or a Forte Number, specified either on the command line or via standard input, though some modes have other conventions or input they accept.
atonal-util basic 0 4 7 10
atonal-util basic c e g bes
atonal-util basic 4-27Various global flags (listed above) can be specified as options to modes where they make sense.
basic pitch_set
Shows the prime_form and interval_class_content and perhaps other details.
beats2set beats
Converts rhythmic beats to a "pitch" set, where x represents an onset, and . a rest. An example may help:
$ atonal-util beats2set --scaledegrees=16 x..x ..x. ..x. x...
0,3,6,10,12set2beats performs the reverse operation of this.
circular_permute pitch_set
All permutations by rotation of the input pitch set. See Music::AtonalUtil for details.
combos freq1 freq2 [freq3 ...]
Shows the combination tones of the input frequencies (or with the optional --pitches flag, MIDI pitch numbers or lilypond note names) relative to the first listed frequency. The delta of equal temperament tuning from the actual combination tone is also shown.
$ atonal-util --ly combos 220 440
$ atonal-util --ly combos --pitches "c' g'"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combination_tone
This mode also accepts the --concertfreq or --cf argument to specify a different reference pitch than 440 Hz. This will affect both notes input (different frequencies) and output (how error amounts for how far the resulting combination tone is from the nearest pitch).
complement pitch_set
Emits those pitches not listed in the input. See Music::AtonalUtil.
equivs pitch_set
Lists equivalents of the input pitch set under various transposition and inverse transposition operations.
findall --exclude=p1[,p2] --fn=nums --root=pitch pitch_set
Find all Forte pitch sets in which the given pitches exist. Like findin, except iterates over all Forte pitch sets instead of just a named pitch set.
With --exclude, omits results containing the listed pitches. With --fn, limits the search to the mentioned forte number prefixes (the number of pitches in the set). With --root, limits matches to those with the named root pitch.
$ atonal-util findall --root=c --fn=4-5 c e g besfindin --exclude=p1[,p2] --root=pitch --pitchset=base_set pitch_set
Answers questions such as, given a base pitch set of [0,3,7], and the notes D and Bb, what pitch sets (via any transpose or transpose_invert operation) complete the base pitch set. With --exclude, omits results containing the listed pitches. With --root, limits matches to those with the named root pitch.
$ atonal-util findin --exclude=c,ees --pitchset=5-25 d fis afnums [ --tension=cope ]
Returns a list of all Forte Numbers and corresponding pitch sets (and their interval_class_content). With the --tension flag, also shows Cope tension values for the pitch sets.
forte2pcs forte_number
Given a Forte Number, returns the corresponding pitch set.
freq2pitch frequencies...
Converts the listed frequencies (in Hz) into the closest MIDI note numbers. Reads frequencies line-per-line from standard input if the only frequency given is a -. With --ly also converts the MIDI note number to a lilypond note name.
This mode also accepts the --concertfreq or --cf argument to specify a different reference pitch than 440 Hz.
gen_melody
Generates a random melody perhaps suitable for subsequent atonal use. See code and documentation over in Music::AtonalUtil for details.
half_prime_form pitch_set
Shows the "more normal" or "half prime" form of a pitch set, which may or may not differ from the prime_form of the pitch set. This output, if relevant, is also emitted in the basic mode.
interval_class_content pitch_set
See Music::AtonalUtil, or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval_vector
intervals2pcs --pitch=startpitch pitch_set
Converts a list of intervals to a pitch set. The default starting pitch is 0.
invariance_matrix pitch_set
Invariance under Transpose(N)Inversion operation matrix. See Music::AtonalUtil.
invariants pitch_set
Returns list of transpose or transpose_invert operations that have invariant pitches with the supplied pitch set, along with which pitches have not varied.
invert --axis=inversion_axis pitch_set
See Music::AtonalUtil. Default axis is around pitch 0.
ly2pitch --relative=note notes...
Converts lilypond note names to pitch numbers, via absolute mode by default. The input unlike in other modes may be quoted to protect the lilypond ' register change from shell quoting rules. Example usages:
$ echo c e g | atonal-util ly2pitch -
$ atonal-util ly2pitch "c d' e f, g"
$ atonal-util ly2pitch --relative=a\' a c d bly2struct --relative=note --tempo=t notes...
Converts lilypond note names and durations to C struct members comprised of the frequency in Hz and duration in milliseconds of the note. Handy for feeding data to an Arduino tone() call:
atonal-util ly2struct --relative=c\' --tempo=116 \
"c8 d e f8. g32 f e8 a d, g8. a16 g f ..."And then:
struct voice {
unsigned int freq;
unsigned long dur;
};
struct voice melody[] = {
{ 262, 259 }, /* c8 */
{ 294, 259 }, /* d */
{ 330, 259 }, /* e */
{ 349, 388 }, /* f8. */
{ 392, 65 }, /* g32 */
{ 349, 65 }, /* f */
...
};
for (i = 0; i < sizeof(melody) / sizeof(voice); i++){
if (melody[i].freq != 0)
tone(BUZZER_PIN, melody[i].freq);
delay(melody[i].dur);
noTone(BUZZER_PIN);
}Other (less tested) options include --beats (quarter note by default), --concertfrequency and --concertpitch, and a --scala file to use.
multiply --factor=N pitch_set
Multiplies specified pitches by specified factor (1 by default).
normal_form pitch_set
Returns the normal form (via the "packed from the right" method) of the given pitch set.
notes2time --ms --tempo=bpm --beats=b notedurs...
Converts note durations (for example 4 for a quarter note or 4. for a dotted quarter note, or 8..*2/3 for a double-dotted eighth note of a triplet) to time, which is shown in a condensed form, unless --ms is supplied, in which case the duration is shown in milliseconds.
pcs2forte pitch_set
Given a pitch set, returns the corresponding Forte Number, if any.
pcs2intervals pitch_set
Given a pitch set of at least two elements, returns the list of intervals between the pitches.
pitch2freq pitches...
Converts pitches to frequencies (in Hz) using the standard MIDI note number conversion equation. Reads pitches (or lilypond notes) line-by-line from standard input if the only pitch given is -.
This mode also accepts the --concertfreq or --cf argument to specify a different reference pitch than 440 Hz.
pitch2intervalclass pitch
Return the interval class a given pitch belongs to.
pitch2ly --mode=relative|absolute pitches...
Converts pitches (integers) to lilypond note names. Reads pitches line-by- line from standard input if only pitch given is -. Use the --mode option to specify relative or absolute conversion.
prime_form pitch_set
Returns the prime form of the given pitch set.
recipe --file=recipefile
Apply a series of named operations from a batch file to a given pitch set. One possibility for recipefile contents might be:
retrograde
invert 6
transpose 1retrograde pitch_set
Reverses the given list of pitches.
rotate --rotate=integer pitch_set
Rotates the pitch set by the given integer (by default 0 or no rotation). Music::AtonalUtil also has a rotateby method to rotate to a particular element that may be of use in composition.
set2beats pitch_set
Converts a set class into a list of rhythmic beats. Reverse of what beats2set does.
$ atonal-util set2beats 4-27
x.x..x..x...Far more interesting might be to listen to the set:
$ atonal-util set2beats 5-z38 | \
perl -pe 'tr/x./cr/; s/(.)/${1}16 /g' | \
ly-fu --tempo=168 --repeats=16 -set_complex pitch_set
Computes the set complex of a pitch set (a table of the pitch set, pitch set inversion, and their combination).
subsets [ --length=integer ] pitch_set
See Music::AtonalUtil. The length, if supplied, must be a magnitude equal to or less than the number of pitches supplied, and probably also two or higher.
tcs pitch_set
Transposition common-tone structure. See Music::AtonalUtil. Probably easier to use the invariants mode to list the full results.
tcis pitch_set
As above method except with transpose_invert instead of transpose. Probably easier to use the invariants mode to list the full results.
tension pitch_set
Returns the average, min, max, and tension values for all the tensions in the passed pitch set, from the first notes in the set up to the last. Tensions calculated via Music::Tension::Cope.
transpose --transpose=integer_or_note pitch_set
Transposes the supplied pitches by the specified integer (by default 0, or a no-op), or to the specified note.
$ atonal-util transpose --transpose=4 --ly c e g
e gis b
$ atonal-util transpose --transpose=e --ly c e g
e gis bRegister aware transpositions are possible with the canonical tool of the App::MusicTools module, among many other nifty features (modal transpositions, etc).
transpose_invert --transpose=integer_or_note [ --axis=integer_or_note ] pitch_set
Inverts and then transposes the supplied pitch set by the specified integer, or to the specified note. Default axis for inversion is 0 (c).
variances
Accepts two pitch sets, one per line, via standard input. Returns three lines consisting of the intersection, difference, and union of the given sets.
whatscalesfit pitch_set
Given a list of pitches or notes, shows what scales, if any, fit those notes. Only diatonics of the scale are considered; there is no support at present for also matching on bVI or other common chromatic alterations.
zrelation
Accepts two pitch sets, one per line, via standard input. Emits 1 if the two sets share the same interval_class_content, 0 if they do not.
FILES
A ZSH completion script is available in the zsh-compdef/ directory of the App::MusicTools distribution. Install this to a $fpath directory.
BUGS
Reporting Bugs
If the bug is in the latest version, send a report to the author. Patches that fix problems or add new features are welcome.
http://github.com/thrig/App-MusicTools
Known Issues
Poor naming conventions and standards of underlying music theory and any associated mistakes in understanding thereof by the author.
SEE ALSO
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forte_number
Music::AtonalUtil, Music::LilyPondUtil, Music::Tension::Cope
AUTHOR
Jeremy Mates
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2012-2014 by Jeremy Mates
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself, either Perl version 5.16 or, at your option, any later version of Perl 5 you may have available.