/ 
Math-PlanePath-128
River stage one • 3 direct dependents • 4 total dependents
/ Math::PlanePath::PentSpiral

NAME

Math::PlanePath::PentSpiral -- integer points in a pentagonal shape

SYNOPSIS

use Math::PlanePath::PentSpiral;
my $path = Math::PlanePath::PentSpiral->new;
my ($x, $y) = $path->n_to_xy (123);

DESCRIPTION

This path makes a pentagonal (five-sided) spiral with points spread out to fit on a square grid.

                  22                              3

            23    10    21                        2

      24    11     3     9    20                  1

25    12     4     1     2     8    19       <- Y=0

   26    13     5     6     7    18    ...       -1

      27    14    15    16    17    33           -2

         28    29    30    31    32              -2


 ^  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 X=0 1  2  3  4  5  6  7

Each horizontal gap is 2, so for instance n=1 is at x=0,y=0 then n=2 is at x=2,y=0. The lower diagonals are 1 across and 1 down, so n=17 is at x=4,y=-2 and n=18 is x=5,y=-1. But the upper angles go 2 across and 1 up, so n=20 is x=4,y=1 then n=21 is x=2,y=2.

The effect is to make the sides equal length, except for a kink at the lower right corner. Only every second square in the plane is used. In the top half (y>=0) those points line up, in the lower half (y<0) they're offset on alternate rows.

N Start

The default is to number points starting N=1 as shown above. An optional n_start can give a different start, in the same pattern. For example to start at 0,

n_start => 0            38

                  39    21    37
                                       ...
            40    22     9    20    36    57

      41    23    10     2     8    19    35    56

42    24    11     3     0     1     7    18    34    55

   43    25    12     4     5     6    17    33    54

      44    26    13    14    15    16    32    53

         45    27    28    29    30    31    52

            46    47    48    49    50    51

FUNCTIONS

See "FUNCTIONS" in Math::PlanePath for behaviour common to all path classes.

$path = Math::PlanePath::PentSpiral->new ()
$path = Math::PlanePath::PentSpiral->new (n_start => $n)

Create and return a new pentagon spiral object.

$n = $path->xy_to_n ($x,$y)

Return the point number for coordinates $x,$y. $x and $y are each rounded to the nearest integer, which has the effect of treating each point in the path as a square of side 1.

FORMULAS

N to X,Y

It's convenient to work in terms of Nstart=0 and to take each loop as beginning on the South-West diagonal,

                  21                loop d=3
               --    --
            22          20
         --                --
      23                      19
   --                            --
24                 0                18
  \                                /
   25          .                 17
     \                          /
      26    13----14----15----16
        \
         .

The SW diagonal is N=0,4,13,27,46,etc which is

N = (5d-7)*d/2 + 1           # starting d=1 first loop

This can be inverted to get d from N

d = floor( (sqrt(40*N + 9) + 7) / 10 )

Each side is length d, except the lower right diagonal slope which is d-1. For the very first loop that lower right is length 0.

OEIS

Entries in Sloane's Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences related to this path include

n_start=1 (the default)
  A192136    N on X axis, (5*n^2 - 3*n + 2)/2
  A140066    N on Y axis
  A116668    N on X negative axis
  A005891    N on South-East diagonal, centred pentagonals
  A134238    N on South-West diagonal

n_start=0
  A000566    N on X axis, heptagonal numbers
  A005476    N on Y axis
  A028895    N on South-East diagonal

SEE ALSO

Math::PlanePath, Math::PlanePath::PentSpiralSkewed, Math::PlanePath::HexSpiral

HOME PAGE

http://user42.tuxfamily.org/math-planepath/index.html

LICENSE

Copyright 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Kevin Ryde

This file is part of Math-PlanePath.

Math-PlanePath is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later version.

Math-PlanePath is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Math-PlanePath. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.