/ 
perl-5.8.2
/ Math::BigRat
Security Advisories (27)
CVE-2011-2728 (2012-12-21)

The bsd_glob function in the File::Glob module for Perl before 5.14.2 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a glob expression with the GLOB_ALTDIRFUNC flag, which triggers an uninitialized pointer dereference.

CVE-2020-12723 (2020-06-05)

regcomp.c in Perl before 5.30.3 allows a buffer overflow via a crafted regular expression because of recursive S_study_chunk calls.

CVE-2020-10878 (2020-06-05)

Perl before 5.30.3 has an integer overflow related to mishandling of a "PL_regkind[OP(n)] == NOTHING" situation. A crafted regular expression could lead to malformed bytecode with a possibility of instruction injection.

CVE-2020-10543 (2020-06-05)

Perl before 5.30.3 on 32-bit platforms allows a heap-based buffer overflow because nested regular expression quantifiers have an integer overflow.

CVE-2018-6913 (2018-04-17)

Heap-based buffer overflow in the pack function in Perl before 5.26.2 allows context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary code via a large item count.

CVE-2018-18314 (2018-12-07)

Perl before 5.26.3 has a buffer overflow via a crafted regular expression that triggers invalid write operations.

CVE-2018-18313 (2018-12-07)

Perl before 5.26.3 has a buffer over-read via a crafted regular expression that triggers disclosure of sensitive information from process memory.

CVE-2018-18312 (2018-12-05)

Perl before 5.26.3 and 5.28.0 before 5.28.1 has a buffer overflow via a crafted regular expression that triggers invalid write operations.

CVE-2018-18311 (2018-12-07)

Perl before 5.26.3 and 5.28.x before 5.28.1 has a buffer overflow via a crafted regular expression that triggers invalid write operations.

CVE-2015-8853 (2016-05-25)

The (1) S_reghop3, (2) S_reghop4, and (3) S_reghopmaybe3 functions in regexec.c in Perl before 5.24.0 allow context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop) via crafted utf-8 data, as demonstrated by "a\x80."

CVE-2013-1667 (2013-03-14)

The rehash mechanism in Perl 5.8.2 through 5.16.x allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption and crash) via a crafted hash key.

CVE-2010-4777 (2014-02-10)

The Perl_reg_numbered_buff_fetch function in Perl 5.10.0, 5.12.0, 5.14.0, and other versions, when running with debugging enabled, allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (assertion failure and application exit) via crafted input that is not properly handled when using certain regular expressions, as demonstrated by causing SpamAssassin and OCSInventory to crash.

CVE-2010-1158 (2010-04-20)

Integer overflow in the regular expression engine in Perl 5.8.x allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (stack consumption and application crash) by matching a crafted regular expression against a long string.

CVE-2009-3626 (2009-10-29)

Perl 5.10.1 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a UTF-8 character with a large, invalid codepoint, which is not properly handled during a regular-expression match.

CVE-2008-1927 (2008-04-24)

Double free vulnerability in Perl 5.8.8 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and crash) via a crafted regular expression containing UTF8 characters. NOTE: this issue might only be present on certain operating systems.

CVE-2005-3962 (2005-12-01)

Integer overflow in the format string functionality (Perl_sv_vcatpvfn) in Perl 5.9.2 and 5.8.6 Perl allows attackers to overwrite arbitrary memory and possibly execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers with large values, which causes an integer wrap and leads to a buffer overflow, as demonstrated using format string vulnerabilities in Perl applications.

CVE-2007-5116 (2007-11-07)

Buffer overflow in the polymorphic opcode support in the Regular Expression Engine (regcomp.c) in Perl 5.8 allows context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary code by switching from byte to Unicode (UTF) characters in a regular expression.

CVE-2012-5195 (2012-12-18)

Heap-based buffer overflow in the Perl_repeatcpy function in util.c in Perl 5.12.x before 5.12.5, 5.14.x before 5.14.3, and 5.15.x before 15.15.5 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption and crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via the 'x' string repeat operator.

CVE-2016-2381 (2016-04-08)

Perl might allow context-dependent attackers to bypass the taint protection mechanism in a child process via duplicate environment variables in envp.

CVE-2003-0900 (2003-12-31)

Perl 5.8.1 on Fedora Core does not properly initialize the random number generator when forking, which makes it easier for attackers to predict random numbers.

CVE-2013-7422 (2015-08-16)

Integer underflow in regcomp.c in Perl before 5.20, as used in Apple OS X before 10.10.5 and other products, allows context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a long digit string associated with an invalid backreference within a regular expression.

CVE-2011-1487 (2011-04-11)

The (1) lc, (2) lcfirst, (3) uc, and (4) ucfirst functions in Perl 5.10.x, 5.11.x, and 5.12.x through 5.12.3, and 5.13.x through 5.13.11, do not apply the taint attribute to the return value upon processing tainted input, which might allow context-dependent attackers to bypass the taint protection mechanism via a crafted string.

CVE-2023-47100

In Perl before 5.38.2, S_parse_uniprop_string in regcomp.c can write to unallocated space because a property name associated with a \p{...} regular expression construct is mishandled. The earliest affected version is 5.30.0.

CVE-2024-56406 (2025-04-13)

A heap buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in Perl. When there are non-ASCII bytes in the left-hand-side of the `tr` operator, `S_do_trans_invmap` can overflow the destination pointer `d`.    $ perl -e '$_ = "\x{FF}" x 1000000; tr/\xFF/\x{100}/;'    Segmentation fault (core dumped) It is believed that this vulnerability can enable Denial of Service and possibly Code Execution attacks on platforms that lack sufficient defenses.

CVE-2023-47039 (2023-10-30)

Perl for Windows relies on the system path environment variable to find the shell (cmd.exe). When running an executable which uses Windows Perl interpreter, Perl attempts to find and execute cmd.exe within the operating system. However, due to path search order issues, Perl initially looks for cmd.exe in the current working directory. An attacker with limited privileges can exploit this behavior by placing cmd.exe in locations with weak permissions, such as C:\ProgramData. By doing so, when an administrator attempts to use this executable from these compromised locations, arbitrary code can be executed.

CVE-2016-1238 (2016-08-02)

(1) cpan/Archive-Tar/bin/ptar, (2) cpan/Archive-Tar/bin/ptardiff, (3) cpan/Archive-Tar/bin/ptargrep, (4) cpan/CPAN/scripts/cpan, (5) cpan/Digest-SHA/shasum, (6) cpan/Encode/bin/enc2xs, (7) cpan/Encode/bin/encguess, (8) cpan/Encode/bin/piconv, (9) cpan/Encode/bin/ucmlint, (10) cpan/Encode/bin/unidump, (11) cpan/ExtUtils-MakeMaker/bin/instmodsh, (12) cpan/IO-Compress/bin/zipdetails, (13) cpan/JSON-PP/bin/json_pp, (14) cpan/Test-Harness/bin/prove, (15) dist/ExtUtils-ParseXS/lib/ExtUtils/xsubpp, (16) dist/Module-CoreList/corelist, (17) ext/Pod-Html/bin/pod2html, (18) utils/c2ph.PL, (19) utils/h2ph.PL, (20) utils/h2xs.PL, (21) utils/libnetcfg.PL, (22) utils/perlbug.PL, (23) utils/perldoc.PL, (24) utils/perlivp.PL, and (25) utils/splain.PL in Perl 5.x before 5.22.3-RC2 and 5.24 before 5.24.1-RC2 do not properly remove . (period) characters from the end of the includes directory array, which might allow local users to gain privileges via a Trojan horse module under the current working directory.

CVE-2015-8608 (2017-02-07)

The VDir::MapPathA and VDir::MapPathW functions in Perl 5.22 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read) and possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted (1) drive letter or (2) pInName argument.

NAME

Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals

SYNOPSIS

	use Math::BigRat;

	$x = Math::BigRat->new('3/7'); $x += '5/9';

	print $x->bstr(),"\n";
  	print $x ** 2,"\n";

DESCRIPTION

Math::BigRat complements Math::BigInt and Math::BigFloat by providing support for arbitrarily big rationals.

MATH LIBRARY

Math with the numbers is done (by default) by a module called Math::BigInt::Calc. This is equivalent to saying:

use Math::BigRat lib => 'Calc';

You can change this by using:

use Math::BigRat lib => 'BitVect';

The following would first try to find Math::BigInt::Foo, then Math::BigInt::Bar, and when this also fails, revert to Math::BigInt::Calc:

use Math::BigRat lib => 'Foo,Math::BigInt::Bar';

Calc.pm uses as internal format an array of elements of some decimal base (usually 1e7, but this might be different for some systems) with the least significant digit first, while BitVect.pm uses a bit vector of base 2, most significant bit first. Other modules might use even different means of representing the numbers. See the respective module documentation for further details.

Currently the following replacement libraries exist, search for them at CPAN:

Math::BigInt::BitVect
Math::BigInt::GMP
Math::BigInt::Pari
Math::BigInt::FastCalc

METHODS

Any methods not listed here are dervied from Math::BigFloat (or Math::BigInt), so make sure you check these two modules for further information.

new()

$x = Math::BigRat->new('1/3');

Create a new Math::BigRat object. Input can come in various forms:

$x = Math::BigRat->new(123);				# scalars
$x = Math::BigRat->new('123.3');			# float
$x = Math::BigRat->new('1/3');				# simple string
$x = Math::BigRat->new('1 / 3');			# spaced
$x = Math::BigRat->new('1 / 0.1');			# w/ floats
$x = Math::BigRat->new(Math::BigInt->new(3));		# BigInt
$x = Math::BigRat->new(Math::BigFloat->new('3.1'));	# BigFloat
$x = Math::BigRat->new(Math::BigInt::Lite->new('2'));	# BigLite

numerator()

$n = $x->numerator();

Returns a copy of the numerator (the part above the line) as signed BigInt.

denominator()

$d = $x->denominator();

Returns a copy of the denominator (the part under the line) as positive BigInt.

parts()

($n,$d) = $x->parts();

Return a list consisting of (signed) numerator and (unsigned) denominator as BigInts.

as_number()

$x = Math::BigRat->new('13/7');
print $x->as_number(),"\n";		# '1'

Returns a copy of the object as BigInt trunced it to integer.

bfac()

$x->bfac();

Calculates the factorial of $x. For instance:

print Math::BigRat->new('3/1')->bfac(),"\n";	# 1*2*3
print Math::BigRat->new('5/1')->bfac(),"\n";	# 1*2*3*4*5

Works currently only for integers.

blog()

Is not yet implemented.

bround()/round()/bfround()

Are not yet implemented.

bmod()

use Math::BigRat;
my $x = Math::BigRat->new('7/4');
my $y = Math::BigRat->new('4/3');
print $x->bmod($y);

Set $x to the remainder of the division of $x by $y.

is_one()

print "$x is 1\n" if $x->is_one();

Return true if $x is exactly one, otherwise false.

is_zero()

print "$x is 0\n" if $x->is_zero();

Return true if $x is exactly zero, otherwise false.

is_positive()

print "$x is >= 0\n" if $x->is_positive();

Return true if $x is positive (greater than or equal to zero), otherwise false. Please note that '+inf' is also positive, while 'NaN' and '-inf' aren't.

is_negative()

print "$x is < 0\n" if $x->is_negative();

Return true if $x is negative (smaller than zero), otherwise false. Please note that '-inf' is also negative, while 'NaN' and '+inf' aren't.

is_int()

print "$x is an integer\n" if $x->is_int();

Return true if $x has a denominator of 1 (e.g. no fraction parts), otherwise false. Please note that '-inf', 'inf' and 'NaN' aren't integer.

is_odd()

print "$x is odd\n" if $x->is_odd();

Return true if $x is odd, otherwise false.

is_even()

print "$x is even\n" if $x->is_even();

Return true if $x is even, otherwise false.

bceil()

$x->bceil();

Set $x to the next bigger integer value (e.g. truncate the number to integer and then increment it by one).

bfloor()

$x->bfloor();

Truncate $x to an integer value.

config

use Data::Dumper;

print Dumper ( Math::BigRat->config() );
print Math::BigRat->config()->{lib},"\n";

Returns a hash containing the configuration, e.g. the version number, lib loaded etc. The following hash keys are currently filled in with the appropriate information.

key             RO/RW   Description
                        Example
============================================================
lib             RO      Name of the Math library
                        Math::BigInt::Calc
lib_version     RO      Version of 'lib'
                        0.30
class           RO      The class of config you just called
                        Math::BigRat
version         RO      version number of the class you used
                        0.10
upgrade         RW      To which class numbers are upgraded
                        undef
downgrade       RW      To which class numbers are downgraded
                        undef
precision       RW      Global precision
                        undef
accuracy        RW      Global accuracy
                        undef
round_mode      RW      Global round mode
                        even
div_scale       RW      Fallback acccuracy for div
                        40
trap_nan        RW      Trap creation of NaN (undef = no)
                        undef
trap_inf        RW      Trap creation of +inf/-inf (undef = no)
                        undef

By passing a reference to a hash you may set the configuration values. This works only for values that a marked with a RW above, anything else is read-only.

BUGS

Some things are not yet implemented, or only implemented half-way:

inf handling (partial)
NaN handling (partial)
rounding (not implemented except for bceil/bfloor)
$x ** $y where $y is not an integer

LICENSE

This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

SEE ALSO

Math::BigFloat and Math::Big as well as Math::BigInt::BitVect, Math::BigInt::Pari and Math::BigInt::GMP.

See http://search.cpan.org/search?dist=bignum for a way to use Math::BigRat.

The package at http://search.cpan.org/search?dist=Math%3A%3ABigRat may contain more documentation and examples as well as testcases.

AUTHORS

(C) by Tels http://bloodgate.com/ 2001-2002.