/ 
MARC-Record-1.14
River stage two • 28 direct dependents • 39 total dependents
/ MARC::Record

NAME

MARC::Record - Perl extension for handling MARC records

VERSION

Version 1.14

$Id: Record.pm,v 1.39 2002/11/27 16:39:14 edsummers Exp $

DESCRIPTION

Module for handling MARC records as objects. The file-handling stuff is in MARC::File::*.

EXPORT

None.

ERROR HANDLING

Any errors generated are stored in $MARC::Record::ERROR. Warnings are kept with the record and accessible in the warnings() method.

METHODS

new()

Base constructor for the class. It just returns a completely empty record. To get real data, you'll need to populate it with fields, or use one of the MARC::File::* modules to read from a file.

new_from_usmarc( $marcblob )

This is a wrapper around MARC::File::USMARC::decode() for compatibility with older versions of MARC::Record.

fields()

Returns a list of all the fields in the record. The list contains a MARC::Field object for each field in the record.

field(tagspec(s))

Returns a list of tags that match the field specifier, or in scalar context, just the first matching tag.

The field specifier can be a simple number (i.e. "245"), or use the "." notation of wildcarding (i.e. subject tags are "6..").

subfield(tag,subfield)

Shortcut method for getting just a subfield for a tag. These are equivalent:

my $title = $marc->field('245')->subfield("a");
my $title = $marc->subfield('245',"a");

If either the field or subfield can't be found, undef is returned.

insert_grouped_field(field)

Will insert the specified MARC::Field object into the record in 'grouped order' and return true (1) on success, and false (undef) on failure. For example, if a '650' field is inserted with insert_grouped_field() it will be inserted at the end of the 6XX group of tags. After some discussion on the perl4lib list it was descided that this is ordinarily what you will want. If you would like to insert at a specific point in the record you can use insert_fields_after() and insert_fields_before() methods which are described below.

append_fields(@fields)

Appends the field specified by $field to the end of the record. @fields need to be MARC::Field objects.

my $field = MARC::Field->new('590','','','a' => 'My local note.');
$record->append_fields($field);

Returns the number of fields appended.

insert_fields_before($before_field,@new_fields)

Inserts the field specified by $new_field before the field $before_field. Returns the number of fields inserted, or undef on failures. Both $before_field and all @new_fields need to be MARC::Field objects.

my $before_field = $record->field('260');
my $new_field = MARC::Field->new('250','','','a' => '2nd ed.');
$record->insert_fields_before($before_field,$new_field);

insert_fields_after($after_field,@new_fields)

Identical to insert_fields_before(), but fields are added after $after_field.

delete_field($field)

Deletes a field from the record.

The field must have been retrieved from the record using the field() method. For example, to delete a 526 tag if it exists:

    my $tag526 = $marc->field( "526" );
    if ( $tag526 ) {
	$marc->delete_field( $tag526 );
    }

delete_field() returns the number of fields that were deleted. This shouldn't be 0 unless you didn't get the tag properly.

as_usmarc()

This is a wrapper around MARC::File::USMARC::encode() for compatibility with older versions of MARC::Record.

as_formatted()

Returns a pretty string for printing in a MARC dump.

title()

Returns the title from the 245 tag. Note that it is a string, not a MARC::Field record.

author()

Returns the author from the 100, 110 or 111 tag. Note that it is a string, not a MARC::Field record.

leader()

Returns the leader for the record. Sets the leader if text is defined. No error checking is done on the validity of the leader.

set_leader_lengths( $reclen, $baseaddr )

Internal function for updating the leader's length and base address.

clone()

The clone() method makes a copy of an existing MARC record and returns the new version. Note that you cannot just say:

my $newmarc = $oldmarc;

This just makes a copy of the reference, not a new object. You must use the clone() method like so:

my $newmarc = $oldmarc->clone;

You can also specify field specs to filter down only a certain subset of fields. For instance, if you only wanted the title and ISBN tags from a record, you could do this:

my $small_marc = $marc->clone( 245, '020' );

The order of the fields is preserved as it was in the original record.

warnings()

Returns the warnings that were created when the record was read. These are things like "Invalid indicators converted to blanks".

The warnings are items that you might be interested in, or might not. It depends on how stringently you're checking data. If you're doing some grunt data analysis, you probably don't care.

A side effect of calling warnings() is that the warning buffer will be cleared.

add_fields()

add_fields() is now deprecated, and users are encouraged to use append_fields(), insert_fields_after(), and insert_fields_before() since they do what you want probably. It is still here though, for backwards compatability.

add_fields() adds MARC::Field objects to the end of the list. Returns the number of fields added, or undef if there was an error.

There are three ways of calling add_fields() to add data to the record.

1 Create a MARC::Field object and add it
  my $author = MARC::Field->new(
	        100, "1", " ", a => "Arnosky, Jim."
	        );
  $marc->add_fields( $author );
2 Add the data fields directly, and let add_fields() take care of the objectifying.
$marc->add_fields(
      245, "1", "0",
              a => "Raccoons and ripe corn /",
              c => "Jim Arnosky.",
      	);
3 Same as #2 above, but pass multiple fields of data in anonymous lists
  $marc->add_fields(
	[ 250, " ", " ", a => "1st ed." ],
	[ 650, "1", " ", a => "Raccoons." ],
	);

DESIGN NOTES

A brief discussion of why MARC::Record is done the way it is:

  • It's built for quick prototyping

    One of the areas Perl excels is in allowing the programmer to create easy solutions quickly. MARC::Record is designed along those same lines. You want a program to dump all the 6XX tags in a file? MARC::Record is your friend.

  • It's built for extensibility

    Currently, I'm using MARC::Record for analyzing bibliographic data, but who knows what might happen in the future? MARC::Record needs to be just as adept at authority data, too.

  • It's designed around accessor methods

    I use method calls everywhere, and I expect calling programs to do the same, rather than accessing internal data directly. If you access an object's hash fields on your own, future releases may break your code.

  • It's not built for speed

    One of the tradeoffs in using accessor methods is some overhead in the method calls. Is this slow? I don't know, I haven't measured. I would suggest that if you're a cycle junkie that you use Benchmark.pm to check to see where your bottlenecks are, and then decide if MARC::Record is for you.

RELATED MODULES

MARC::Record, MARC::Lint

SEE ALSO

TODO

  • Incorporate MARC.pm in the distribution.

    Combine MARC.pm and MARC::* into one distribution.

  • Podify MARC.pm

  • Allow regexes across the entire tag

    Imagine something like this:

    my @sears_headings = $marc->tag_grep( /Sears/ );

    (from Mike O'Regan)

  • Insert a field in an arbitrary place in the record

  • Allow deleting a field

      for my $field ( $record->field( "856" ) ) {
	$record->delete_field( $field ) unless useful($field);
	} # for

    (from Anne Highsmith hismith@tamu.edu)

  • Modifying an existing field

BUGS, WISHES AND CORRESPONDENCE

Please feel free to email me at andy@petdance.com. I'm glad to help as best I can, and I'm always interested in bugs, suggestions and patches.

The MARC::Record development team uses the RT bug tracking system at http://rt.cpan.org. If your email is about a bug or suggestion, please report it through the RT system. This is a huge help for the team, and you'll be notified of progress as things get fixed or updated. If you prefer not to use the website, you can send your bug to bug-MARC-Record@rt.cpan.org.

IDEAS

Ideas are things that have been considered, but nobody's actually asked for.

  • Create multiple output formats.

    These could be ASCII, XML, or MarcMaker.

LICENSE

This code may be distributed under the same terms as Perl itself.

Please note that these modules are not products of or supported by the employers of the various contributors to the code.

AUTHOR

Andy Lester, <marc@petdance.com>