NAME
Graphics::Framebuffer - A Simple Framebuffer Graphics Library
SYNOPSIS
use Graphics::Framebuffer;
my $fb = Graphics::Framebuffer->new();
$fb->cls();
$fb->set_color({'red' => 255, 'green' => 255, 'blue' => 255, 'alpha' => 255});
$fb->plot({'x' => 28, 'y' => 79,'pixel_size' => 1});
$fb->drawto({'x' => 405,'y' => 681,'pixel_size' => 1});
$fb->circle({'x' => 200, 'y' => 200, 'radius' => 100, 'filled' => 1});
$fb->polygon({'coordinates' => [20,20, 53,3, 233,620], 'pixel_size' => 5});
$fb->box({'x' => 95, 'y' => 100, 'xx' => 400, 'yy' => 600, 'filled' => 1});DESCRIPTION
A (mostly) Pure Perl graphics library for exclusive use in a Unix console framebuffer environment. It is written for simplicity, without the need for complex API's and drivers with "surfaces" and such.
Back in the old days, computers drew graphics this way, and it was simple and easy to do. I was writing a console based media playing program, and was not satisfied with the limited abilities offered by the Curses library, and I did not want the overhead of the X environment to get in the way. My intention was to create a mobile media server. In case you are wondering, that project has been quite successful, and I am still making improvements to it. I may even include it in the "examples" directory on future versions.
There are places where Pure Perl just won't cut it. So I use the Imager library to take up the slack. It's just used to load images,, save images, and draw TrueType/Type1 text.
I cannot guarantee this will work on your video card, but I have successfully tested it on NVidia GeForce, AMD Radeon, Matrox, Raspberry PI, Odroid XU3/XU4, and VirtualBox displays. However, you MUST remember, your video driver MUST be framebuffer based. The proprietary Nvidia and AMD drivers will NOT work with this module. You must use the open source video drivers, such as Nouveau, to be able to use this library (with output to see). Also, it is not going to work from within X-Windows, so don't even try it, it will either crash X, or make a mess on the screen. This is a console only graphics library.
I highly suggest you use 32 bit mode and avoid 16 bit, as the routines are optimized for 32 bit. 16 bit mode requires many conversions and bit shifting to achieve its goal. Drawing basic primitives will be just as fast. However, blitting, true type text, and image loading WILL be slower in 16 bit modes.
NOTE:
If a framebuffer is not available, the module will go into emulation mode and open a pseudo-screen in the object's hash variable 'SCREEN'
You can write this to a file, whatever. It defaults to a 640x480x32 graphics 'buffer'. However, you can change that by passing parameters to the 'new' method.
You will not be able to see the output directly when in emulation mode. I mainly created this mode so that you could install this module (on systems without a framebuffer) and test code you may be writing to be used on other devices that have accessible framebuffer devices. Nevertheless, I have learned that people use emulation mode as an offscreen drawing surface, and blit from one to the other. Which is pretty clever.
Make sure you have read/write access to the framebuffer device. Usually this just means adding your account to the "video" group. Alternately, you can just run your script as root. Although I don't recommend it.
INSTALLATION
Before you install this, please note it requires the Perl module "Imager". If you are installing via CPAN, then please first make sure your system has the appropriate JPEG, GIF, TIFF, Freetype, and Type1 development libraries installed first. If you don't, then Imager will just be compiled without support for those kinds of files, which pretty much makes it useless.
If you are using a Debian based system (Ubuntu, Weezy, Mint, etc.) then run the following command (and answer yes to the prompt) before doing anything else:
sudo apt-get install libjpeg-dev libgif-dev libtiff5-dev libfreetype6-dev fbset
* Those with RedHat based systems, use Yum in place of apt-get.
After you have done this, Then install Imager and the rest of the needed modules.
When you install this module, please do it within a console, not a console window in X-Windows, but the actual Linux console outside of X-Windows.
If you are in X-Windows and don't know how to get to a console, then just hit CTRL-ALT-F1 and it should show you a console. ALT-F7 or ALT-F8 will get you back to X-Windows.
If you are using CPAN, then installation is simple, but if you are installing manually, then the typical steps apply:
perl Build.pl
./Build
clear && ./Build test
./Build install
or...
perl Makefile.PL
make
clear && make test
make installPlease note, that the install step my require root permissions (run it with sudo).
If testing fails, it will usually be ok to install it anyway, as it will likely work. The testing is flakey (thank Perl's test mode for that).
I recommend running the scripts inside of the "examples" directory for real testing instead. In fact, the script "mmapvsfile.pl" will tell which mode you be running this module in for the fastest speed.
SPECIAL VARIABLES
The following are hash keys to the main object variable. For example, if you use the variable $fb as the onject variable, then the following are $fb->{VARIABLE_NAME}
'FaceName' => {
'path' => 'Path To Font',
'font' => 'File Name of Font'
},
...METHODS
new
This instantiates the framebuffer object
my $fb = Graphics::Framebuffer->new(parameter => value);
PARAMETERS
FB_DEVICE[/dev/fb0]-
Framebuffer device name. If this is not defined, then it tries the following devices in the following order:
* /dev/fb0 * /dev/graphics/fb0 * /dev/fb1 * /dev/graphics/fb1If none of these work, then the module goes into emulation mode.
FILE_MODE[1 or 0]-
Sets the internal drawing system to use file handle mode instead of memory mapped mode. File mode is more stable, but a bit slower. I recommend doing this ONLY if you are having issues with memory mapped mode. Note: On TFT modules with a SPI interface, FILE_MODE may actually be much faster. This is the only exception to the above that I have found. FOREGROUND-
Sets the default foreground color for when 'attribute_reset' is called. It is in the same format as "set_color" expects:
{ # This is the default value 'red' => 255, 'green' => 255, 'blue' => 255, 'alpha' => 255 } BACKGROUN-
Sets the default background color for when 'attribute_reset' is called. It is in the same format as "set_b_color" expects:
{ # This is the default value 'red' => 0, 'green' => 0, 'blue' => 0, 'alpha' => 0 } SPLASH-
The splash screen is or is not displayed
A true value turns it on (default) A false value turns it off
FONT_PATH-
Overrides the default font path for TrueType/Type1 fonts
If 'ttf_print' is not displaying any text, then this may need to be overridden.
FONT_FACE-
Overrides the default font filename for TrueType/Type 1 fonts.
If 'ttf_print' is not displaying any text, then this may need to be overridden.
SHOW_ERRORS-
Normally this module is completely silent and does not display errors or warnings (to the best of its ability). This is to prevent corruption of the graphics. However, you can enable error reporting by setting this to 1.
This is helpful for troubleshooting.
EMULATION MODE OPTIONS
The options here only apply to emulation mode.
Emulation mode can be used as a secondary off-screen drawing surface, if you are clever.
VXRES-
Width of the emulation framebuffer in pixels. Default is 640. VYRES-
Height of the emulation framebuffer in pixels. Default is 480. BITS-
Number of bits per pixel in the emulation framebuffer. Default is 32. BYTES-
Number of bytes per pixel in the emulation framebuffer. It's best to keep it BITS/8. Default is 4. COLOR_ORDER-
Defines the colorspace for the graphics routines to draw in. The possible (and only accepted) values are: 'RGB' for Red-Green-Blue (the default) 'RBG' for Red-Blue-Green 'GRB' for Green-Red-Blue 'GBR' for Green-Blue-Red 'BRG' for Blue-Red-Green 'BGR' for Blue-Green-Red
screen_dimensions
Returns the size of the framebuffer in X,Y pixel values.
my ($width,$height) = $fb->screen_dimensions();
splash
Displays the Splash screen. It automatically scales and positions to the clipping region.
This is automatically displayed when this module is initialized, and the variable 'SPLASH' is true (which is the default).
$fb->splash();get_font_list
Returns an anonymous hash contating the font face names as keys and another anonymous hash assigned as the values for each key. This second hash contains the path to the font and the font's file name.
'face name' => {
'path' => 'path to font',
'font' => 'file name of font'
},
... The rest of the system fonts heredraw_mode
Sets or returns the drawing mode, depending on how it is called.
my $draw_mode = $fb->draw_mode(); # Returns the current
# Drawing mode.
# Modes explained. These settings are global
# When you draw it...
$fb->draw_mode($fb->{'NORMAL_MODE'}); # Replaces the screen pixel
# with the new pixel.
$fb->draw_mode($fb->{'XOR_MODE'}); # Does a bitwise XOR with
# the new pixel and screen
# pixel.
$fb->draw_mode($fb->{'OR_MODE'}); # Does a bitwise OR with
# the new pixel and screen
# pixel.
$fb->draw_mode($fb->{'AND_MODE'}); # Does a bitwise AND with
# the new pixel and screen
# pixel.
##########################################
# MASK and UNMASK only apply to blitting #
##########################################
# You are encouraged to use #
# "blit_transform" in "merge" mode for #
# much faster results #
##########################################
$fb->draw_mode($fb->{'MASK_MODE'}); # If pixels in the source
# are equal to the global
# background color, then they
# are not drawn (transparent).
$fb->draw_mode($fb->{'UNMASK_MODE'}); # Draws the new pixel on
# screen areas only equal to
# the background color. (SLOW)normal_mode
This is an alias to draw_mode($fb->{'NORMAL_MODE'})
$fb->normal_mode();xor_mode
This is an alias to draw_mode($fb->{'XOR_MODE'})
$fb->xor_mode();or_mode
This is an alias to draw_mode($fb->{'OR_MODE'})
$fb->or_mode();and_mode
This is an alias to draw_mode($fb->{'AND_MODE'})
$fb->and_mode();mask_mode
This is an alias to draw_mode($fb->{'MASK_MODE'})
$fb->mask_mode();unmask_mode
This is an alias to draw_mode($fb->{'UNMASK_MODE'})
$fb->unmask_mode();clear_screen
Fills the entire screen with the background color
You can add an optional parameter to turn the console cursor on or off too.
$fb->clear_screen(); # Leave cursor as is.
$fb->clear_screen('OFF'); # Turn cursor OFF.
$fb->clear_screen('ON'); # Turn cursor ON.cls
The same as clear_screen
$fb->cls(); # Leave cursor as-is
$fb->cls('OFF'); # Turn off cursor
$fb->cls('ON'); # Turn on cursorattribute_reset
Resets the plot point at 0,0. Resets clipping to the current screen size. Resets the global color to whatever 'FOREGROUND' is set to, and the global background color to whatever 'BACKGROUND' is set to, and resets the drawing mode to NORMAL.
$fb->attribute_reset();reset
The same as 'attribute_reset'.
$fb->reset();plot
Set a single pixel in the globally set color at position x,y with the given pixel size (or default). Clipping applies.
'pixel_size', if a positive number greater than 1, is drawn with square pixels. If it's a negative number, then it's drawn with round pixels. Square pixels are much faster.
$fb->plot(
{
'x' => 20,
'y' => 30,
'pixel_size' => 3
}
);setpixel
Same as 'plot' above
last_plot
Returns the last plotted position
my $last_plot = $fb->last_plot();This returns an anonymous hash reference in the form:
{
'x' => x position,
'y' => y position
}Or, if you want a simple array returned:
my ($x,$y) = $fb->last_plot();This returns the position as a two element array:
( x position, y position )line
Draws a line, in the global color, from point x,y to point xx,yy. Clipping applies.
$fb->line({
'x' => 50,
'y' => 60,
'xx' => 100,
'yy' => 332
'pixel_size' => 3
});angle_line
Draws a line, in the global foreground color, from point x,y at an angle of 'angle', of length 'radius'. Clipping applies.
$fb->angle_line({
'x' => 50,
'y' => 60,
'radius' => 50,
'angle' => 30.3, # Compass coordinates (0-360)
'pixel_size' => 3
});drawto
Draws a line, in the global color, from the last plotted position to the position x,y. Clipping applies.
$fb->drawto({
'x' => 50,
'y' => 60,
'pixel_size' => 2
});bezier
Draws a Bezier curve, based on a list of control points.
$fb->bezier(
{
'coordinates' => [
x0,y0,
x1,y1,
... # As many as needed
],
'points' => 100, # Number of total points plotted for curve
# The higher the number, the smoother the curve.
'pixel_size' => 2, # optional
'closed' => 1, # optional, close it and make it a full shape.
'filled' => 1 # Results may vary, optional
'gradient' => {
'direction' => 'horizontal', # or vertical
'colors' => {
'red' => [255,255,0], # Red to yellow to cyan
'green' => [0,255,255],
'blue' => [0,0,255]
}
}
}
);cubic_bezier
DISCONTINUED, use 'bezier' instead.
draw_arc
Draws an arc/pie/poly arc of a circle at point x,y.
x = x of center of circle
y = y of center of circle
radius = radius of circle
start_degrees = starting point, in degrees, of arc
end_degrees = ending point, in degrees, of arc
granularity = This is used for accuracy in drawing
the arc. The smaller the number, the
more accurate the arc is drawn, but it
is also slower. Values between 0.1
and 0.01 are usually good. Valid values
are any positive floating point number
down to 0.0001. Anything smaller than
that is just silly.
mode = Specifies the drawing mode.
0 > arc only
1 > Filled pie section
2 > Poly arc. Draws a line from x,y to the
beginning and ending arc position.
$fb->draw_arc({
'x' => 100,
'y' => 100,
'radius' => 100,
'start_degrees' => -40, # Compass coordinates
'end_degrees' => 80,
'grandularity => .05,
'mode' => 2 # The object hash has 'ARC', 'PIE',
# and 'POLY_ARC' as a means of filling
# this value.
});arc
Draws an arc of a circle at point x,y. This is an alias to draw_arc above, but no mode parameter needed.
x = x of center of circle
y = y of center of circle
radius = radius of circle
start_degrees = starting point, in degrees, of arc
end_degrees = ending point, in degrees, of arc
granularity = This is used for accuracy in drawing
the arc. The smaller the number, the
more accurate the arc is drawn, but it
is also slower. Values between 0.1
and 0.01 are usually good. Valid values
are any positive floating point number
down to 0.0001.
$fb->arc({
'x' => 100,
'y' => 100,
'radius' => 100,
'start_degrees' => -40,
'end_degrees' => 80,
'grandularity => .05,
});filled_pie
Draws a filled pie wedge at point x,y. This is an alias to draw_arc above, but no mode parameter needed.
x = x of center of circle
y = y of center of circle
radius = radius of circle
start_degrees = starting point, in degrees, of arc
end_degrees = ending point, in degrees, of arc
granularity = This is used for accuracy in drawing
the arc. The smaller the number, the
more accurate the arc is drawn, but it
is also slower. Values between 0.1
and 0.01 are usually good. Valid values
are any positive floating point number
down to 0.0001.
$fb->filled_pie({
'x' => 100,
'y' => 100,
'radius' => 100,
'start_degrees' => -40,
'end_degrees' => 80,
'grandularity => .05,
});poly_arc
Draws a poly arc of a circle at point x,y. This is an alias to draw_arc above, but no mode parameter needed.
x = x of center of circle
y = y of center of circle
radius = radius of circle
start_degrees = starting point, in degrees, of arc
end_degrees = ending point, in degrees, of arc
granularity = This is used for accuracy in drawing
the arc. The smaller the number, the
more accurate the arc is drawn, but it
is also slower. Values between 0.1
and 0.01 are usually good. Valid values
are any positive floating point number
down to 0.0001.
$fb->poly_arc({
'x' => 100,
'y' => 100,
'radius' => 100,
'start_degrees' => -40,
'end_degrees' => 80,
'grandularity => .05,
});ellipse
Draw an ellipse at center position x,y with XRadius, YRadius. Either a filled ellipse or outline is drawn based on the value of $filled. The optional factor value varies from the default 1 to change the look and nature of the output.
$fb->ellipse({
'x' => 200,
'y' => 250,
'xradius' => 50,
'yradius' => 100,
'factor' => 1, # Anything other than 1 has funkiness
'filled' => 1, # optional
'pixel_size' => 4, # optional
'gradient' => { # optional
'direction' => 'horizontal', # or vertical
'colors' => {
'red' => [255,255,0], # Red to yellow to cyan
'green' => [0,255,255],
'blue' => [0,0,255]
}
}
});circle
Draws a circle at point x,y, with radius 'radius'. It can be an outline, solid filled, or gradient filled. Outlined circles can have any pixel size.
$fb->circle({
'x' => 300,
'y' => 300,
'radius' => 100,
'filled' => 1, # optional
'gradient' => { # optional
'direction' => 'horizontal', # or vertical
'colors' => {
'red' => [255,255,0], # Red to yellow to cyan
'green' => [0,255,255],
'blue' => [0,0,255]
}
}
});polygon
Creates a polygon drawn in the global color value. The parameter 'coordinates' is a reference to an array of x,y values. The last x,y combination is connected automatically with the first to close the polygon. All x,y values are absolute, not relative.
It is up to you to make sure the coordinates are "sane". Weird things can result from twisted or complex filled polygons.
$fb->polygon({
'coordinates' => [
5,5,
23,34,
70,7
],
'pixel_size' => 1, # optional
'filled' => 1, # optional
'gradient' => { # optional
'direction' => 'horizontal', # or vertical
'colors' => {
'red' => [255,255,0], # Red to yellow to cyan
'green' => [0,255,255],
'blue' => [0,0,255]
}
}
});box
Draws a box from point x,y to point xx,yy, either as an outline, if 'filled' is 0, or as a filled block, if 'filled' is 1. You may also add a gradient.
$fb->box({
'x' => 20,
'y' => 50,
'xx' => 70,
'yy' => 100,
'rounded' => 0, # optional
'filled' => 1, # optional
'pixel_size' => 1, # optional
'gradient' => { # optional
'direction' => 'horizontal', # or vertical
'colors' => {
'red' => [255,255,0], # Red to yellow to cyan
'green' => [0,255,255],
'blue' => [0,0,255]
}
}
});rbox
Draws a box at point x,y with the width 'width' and height 'height'. It draws a frame if 'filled' is 0 or a filled box if 'filled' is 1. 'pixel_size' only applies if 'filled' is 0. Filled boxes draw faster than frames. Gradients are also allowed.
$fb->rbox({
'x' => 100,
'y' => 100,
'width' => 200,
'height' => 150,
'filled' => 0, # optional
'rounded' => 0, # optional
'pixel_size' => 2, # optional
'gradient' => { # optional
'direction' => 'horizontal', # or vertical
'colors' => {
'red' => [255,255,0], # Red to yellow to cyan
'green' => [0,255,255],
'blue' => [0,0,255]
}
}
});set_color
Sets the drawing color in red, green, and blue, absolute 8 bit values.
Even if you are in 16 bit color mode, use 8 bit values. They will be automatically scaled.
$fb->set_color({
'red' => 255,
'green' => 255,
'blue' => 0,
'alpha' => 255
});set_foreground_color
Sets the drawing color in red, green, and blue, absolute values. This is the same as 'set_color' above.
$fb->set_foreground_color({
'red' => 255,
'green' => 255,
'blue' => 0,
'alpha' => 255
});set_b_color
Sets the background color in red, green, and blue values.
The same rules as set_color apply.
$fb->set_b_color({
'red' => 0,
'green' => 0,
'blue' => 255,
'alpha' => 255
});set_background_color
Same as set_b_color
pixel
Returns the color of the pixel at coordinate x,y.
my $pixel = $fb->pixel({'x' => 20,'y' => 25});
# $pixel is a hash reference in the form:
#
# {
# 'red' => integer value, # 0 - 255
# 'green' => integer value, # 0 - 255
# 'blue' => integer value, # 0 - 255
# 'alpha' => integer value, # 0 - 255
# 'raw' => 32bit value
# }get_pixel
Returns the color of the pixel at coordinate x,y. It is the same as 'pixel' above.
my $pixel = $fb->get_pixel({'x' => 20,'y' => 25});
# $pixel is a hash reference in the form:
#
# {
# 'red' => integer value, # 0 - 255
# 'green' => integer value, # 0 - 255
# 'blue' => integer value, # 0 - 255
# 'alpha' => integer value, # 0 - 255
# 'raw' => 32/24/16 bit value (depending on
# mode)
# }fill
Does a flood fill starting at point x,y. It samples the color at that point and determines that color to be the "background" color, and proceeds to fill in, with the current global color, until the "background" color is replaced with the new color.
$fb->fill({'x' => 334, 'y' => 23});replace_color
This replaces one color with another inside the clipping region. Sort of like a fill without boundary checking.
$fb->replace_color({
'old_red' => 23,
'old_green' => 48,
'old_blue' => 98,
'new_red' => 255,
'new_green' => 255,
'new_blue' => 0
});blit_copy
Copies a square portion of screen graphic data from x,y,w,h to x_dest,y_dest. It copies in the current drawing mode.
$fb->blit_copy({
'x' => 20,
'y' => 20,
'width' => 30,
'height' => 30,
'x_dest' => 200,
'y_dest' => 200
});acceleration_disable
Disables all hardware acceleration. Only needed if blit_copy is not working.
Note, this is a placeholder for the future. It really does nothing right now.
blit_read
Reads in a square portion of screen data at x,y,width,height, and returns a hash reference with information about the block, including the raw data as a string, ready to be used with 'blit_write'.
my $blit_data = $fb->blit_read({
'x' => 30,
'y' => 50,
'width' => 100,
'height' => 100
});Returns:
{
'x' => original X position,
'y' => original Y position,
'width' => width,
'height' => height,
'image' => string of image data for the block
}All you have to do is change X and Y, and just pass it to "blit_write" and it will paste it there.
blit_write
Writes a previously read block of screen data at x,y,width,height.
It takes a hash reference. It draws in the current drawing mode. Note, the "Mask" modes are slower, as it has to go pixel by pixel to determine if it should or should not write it.
$fb->blit_write({
'x' => 0,
'y' => 0,
'width' => 100,
'height' => 100,
'image' => $blit_data
});blit_transform
This performs transformations on your blit objects.
You can only have one of "rotate", "scale", "merge" or "flip".
You must include one (and only one) transformation in the call.
flip
Flips the image either horizontally or vertically
merge
Merges one image on top of the other. "blit_data" is the top image, and "dest_blit_data" is the background image. This takes into account alpha data values for each pixel (if in 32 bit mode).
This is very usefull in 32 bit mode due to its alpha channel capabilities.
rotate
Rotates the "blit_data" image an arbitrary degree. Positive degree values are counterclockwise and negative degree values are clockwise.
Due to the limitations of the Imager library, 16 bit mode uses a Perl rotate routine, which is obviously slower. Hence another reason to use 32 bit mode, if it's available to your display device.
scale
Scales the image to "width" x "height". This is the same as how scale works in "load_image". The "type" value tells it how to scale (see the example).
blit_data
Used by all trasnformations. It's the image data to process, in the format that "blit_write" uses. See the example below.
$fb->blit_transform(
{
'merge' => {
'dest_blit_data' => { # MUST have same dimensions as 'blit_data'
'x' => 0,
'y' => 0,
'width' => 300,
'height' => 200,
'image' => $image_data
}
},
'rotate' => {
'degrees' => 45, # 0-360 degrees. Negative numbers rotate clockwise.
},
'flip' => 'horizontal',
'scale' => {
'x' => 0,
'y' => 0,
'width' => 500,
'height' => 300,
'scale_type' => 'min' # 'min' = The smaller of the two
# sizes are used (default)
# 'max' = The larger of the two
# sizes are used
# 'nonprop' = Non-proportional sizing
# The image is scaled to
# width x height exactly.
},
'monochrome' => 1, # Makes the image data monochrome
# blit_data is mandatory
'blit_data' => { # Same as what blit_read or load_image returns
'x' => 0,
'y' => 0,
'width' => 300,
'height' => 200,
'image' => $image_data
}
}
);It returns the transformed image in the same format the other BLIT methods use. Note, the width and height may be changed!
{
'x' => 0, # copied from "blit_data"
'y' => 0, # copied from "blit_data"
'width' => 100, # width of transformed image data
'height' => 100, # height of transformed image data
'image' => $image # image data
}clip_reset
Turns off clipping, and resets the clipping values to the full size of the screen.
$fb->clip_reset();clip_off
Turns off clipping, and resets the clipping values to the full size of the screen. It is the same as clip_reset.
$fb->clip_off();clip_set
Sets the clipping rectangle starting at the top left point x,y and ending at bottom right point xx,yy.
$fb->clip_set({
'x' => 10,
'y' => 10,
'xx' => 300,
'yy' => 300
});clip_rset
Sets the clipping rectangle to point x,y,width,height
$fb->clip_rset({
'x' => 10,
'y' => 10,
'width' => 600,
'height' => 400
});monochrome
Removes all color information from an image, and leaves everything in greyscale.
Expects two parameters, 'image' and 'bits'. 'image' is a string containing the image data. 'bits' is how many bits per pixel make up the image. Valid values are 16, 24, and 32 only.
It returns 'image' back, but now in greyscale (still the same RGB formnat though), ready for using with 'blit_write' (provided it is the same format for the screen).ttf_print
Prints TrueType text on the screen at point x,y in the rectangle width,height, using the color 'color', and the face 'face' (using the Imager library as its engine).
Note, 'y' is the baseline position, not the top left of the bounding box. This is a change from before!!!
This is best called twice, first in bounding box mode, and then in normal mode.
Bounding box mode gets the actual values needed to display the text.
If you are trying to print on top of other graphics, then normal drawing mode would not be the best choice, even though it is the fastest. Mask mode would visually be the best choice. However, it's also the slowest. Experiment with AND, OR, and XOR modes instead.
my $bounding_box = $fb->ttf_print({
'x' => 20,
'y' => 100, # baseline position
'height' => 16,
'color' => 'FFFF00', # Hex value of color 00-FF (RRGGBB)
'text' => 'Hello World!',
'font_path' => '/usr/share/fonts/truetype',
'face' => 'Arial.ttf',
'bounding_box' => 1,
'center' => $fb->{'CENTER_X'},
'antialias' => 1
});
$fb->ttf_print($bounding_box);Here's a shortcut:
$fb->ttf_print(
$fb->ttf_print({
'x' => 20,
'y' => 100, # baseline position
'height' => 16,
'color' => 'FFFF00FF', # RRGGBBAA
'text' => 'Hello World!',
'font_path' => '/usr/share/fonts/truetype',
'face' => 'Arial.ttf',
'bounding_box' => 1,
'center' => $fb->{'CENTER_X'},
'antialias' => 1
})
);Failures of this method are usually due to it not being able to find the font. Make sure you have the right path and name.
Some versions of Imager have a bug that strips off the path and only reads the font from the root path. This is stupid, yes, but the best way to fix it is either get a fixed version of Imager, or simply create a symbolic link in '/' to your font file.
This works best in 24 or 32 color modes. If you are running in 16 bit mode, then output will be slower, as Imager only works in bit modes >= 24; and this module has to convert its output to your device's 16 bit colors. Which means the larger the characters and wider the string, the longer it will take to display. The splash screen is an excellent example of this behavior. In 24/32 bit modes the text is instantly displayed, but in 16 bit mode the text takes a bit of time to display, as it has to convert it to 16 bit mode.
get_face_name
Returns the TrueType face name based on the parameters passed. It uses the exact same parameters as the ttf_print method.
load_image
Loads an image at point x,y[,width,height]. To display it, pass it to blit_write.
If you leave out x,y, it automatically centers it. Although I recommend using the centering options. The position to display the image is part of what is returned, and is ready for blitting.
If 'width' and/or 'height' is given, the image is resized. Note, resizing is CPU intensive. Nevertheless, this is done by the Imager library (compiled C) so it is fast.
$fb->blit_write(
$fb->load_image(
{
'x' => 0, # Optional (only applies if
# CENTER_X or CENTER_XY is not
# used)
'y' => 0, # Optional (only applies if
# CENTER_Y or CENTER_XY is not
# used)
'width' => 1920, # Optional. Resizes to this maximum
# width (always [proportional) It
# fits the image to this size.
'height' => 1080, # Optional. Resizes to this maximum
# height (always proportional) It
# fits the image to this size
'scale_type' => 'min',# Optional. Sets the type of scaling
#
# 'min' = The smaller of the two
# sizes are used (default)
# 'max' = The larger of the two
# sizes are used
# 'nonprop' = Non-proportional sizing
# The image is scaled to
# width x height exactly.
'autolevels' => 0, # Optional. It does a color
# correction. Sometimes this
# works well, and sometimes it
# looks quite ugly. It depends
# on the image
'center' => $fb->{'CENTER_XY'},
# Three centering options are available
# CENTER_X = center horizontally
# CENTER_Y = center vertically
# CENTER_XY = center horizontally and
# vertically. Placing it
# right in the middle of
# the screen.
'file' => 'RWBY_Faces.png', # Usually needs full path
'convertalpha' => 1 # Converts the color matching the global
# background color to have the same alpha
# channel value as the global background
}
)
);If a single image is loaded, it returns a reference to an anonymous hash, of the format:
{
'x' => horizontal position calculated (or passed through),
'y' => vertical position calculated (or passed through),
'width' => Width of the image,
'height' => Height of the image,
'tags' => The tags of the image (hashref)
'image' => [raw image data]
}If the image has multiple frames, then a reference to an array of hashes is returned:
[
{ # Frame 1
'x' => horizontal position calculated (or passed through),
'y' => vertical position calculated (or passed through),
'width' => Width of the image,
'height' => Height of the image,
'tags' => The tags of the image (hashref)
'image' => [raw image data]
},
{ # Frame 2 (and so on)
'x' => horizontal position calculated (or passed through),
'y' => vertical position calculated (or passed through),
'width' => Width of the image,
'height' => Height of the image,
'tags' => The tags of the image (hashref)
'image' => [raw image data]
}
]screen_dump
Dumps the screen to a file given in 'file'. This is a RAW dump.
RGB_to_16
Converts 24 bit color values to 16 bit color values. There is only one parameter, 'color' and it must contain a bit encoded 24 bit string. It returns 'color' converted to an encoded 16 bit string.
This is generally never needed by the programmer, as it is used internally, but it is exposed here just in case you want to use it.
RGBA_to_16
Converts 32 bit color values to 16 bit color values. There is only one parameter, 'color' and it must contain a bit encoded 32 bit string. It returns 'color' converted to an encoded 16 bit string.
This is generally never needed by the programmer, as it is used internally, but it is exposed here just in case you want to use it.
RGB_to_RGBA
Converts 24 bit color to 32 bit color
Converts 24 bit color values to 32 bit color values. There is only one parameter, 'color' and it must contain a bit encoded 24 bit string. It returns 'color' converted to an encoded 32 bit string with a maximized alpha channel.
This is generally never needed by the programmer, as it is used internally, but it is exposed here just in case you want to use it.
USAGE HINTS
PERL OPTIMIZATION
This module is highly CPU dependent. So the more optimized your Perl installation is, the faster it will run.
THREADS
The module can NOT have separate threads calling the same object. You WILL crash. However, you can instantiate an object for each thread to use, and it will work just fine!
See the "examples" directory for "threadstest.pl" as an example of a threading script that uses this module. Just add the number of threads you want it to use to the command line when you run it.
FORKS
I have never tested with forks. Do at your own risk, but follow the same rules as in threads, and it should work.
BLITTING
Use blit_read and blit_write to save portions of the screen instead of redrawing everything. It will speed up response tremendously.
SPRITES
Someone asked me about sprites. Well, that's what blitting is for. You'll have to do your own collision detection.
HORIZONTAL "MAGIC"
Horizontal lines and filled boxes draw very fast. Learn to exploit them.
PIXEL SIZE
Pixel sizes over 1 utilize a filled "box" or "circle" (negative numbers for circle) to do the drawing. This is why the larger the "pixel", the slower the draw.
MAKING WINDOWS
So, you want to be able to manage some sort of windows...
You just instantiate a new instance of the module per "Window" and give it its own clipping region. This region is your drawing space for your window.
It is up to you to actually decorate (draw) the windows.
Perhaps in the future I may add windowing ability, but not right now, as it can be pretty involved (especially redraw tracking and event managing).
Nothing is preventing you from writing your own window handler.
RUNNING IN MICROSOFT WINDOWS
It doesn't work natively, (other than in emulation mode) and never will. However...
You can run Linux inside VirtualBox and it works fine. Put it in full screen mode, and voila, it's "running in Windows" in an indirect kinda sorta way. Make sure you install the VirtualBox extensions, as it has the correct video driver for framebuffer access. It's as close as you'll ever get to get it running in MS Windows. Seriously... EVER.
This isn't a design choice nor preference. It's simply because of the fact MS Windows does not allow file mapping of the display, nor variable memory mapping of the display. Both techniques this module uses to achieve its magic. DirectX is more like OpenGL in how it works, and thus defeats the purpose of this module. You're better off with SDL instead, if you want to draw in MS Windows from Perl.
However, if someone knows how to access the framebuffer in MS Windows, and be able to do it reasonable from within Perl, then send me instructions on how to do it, and I'll do my best to get it to work.
TROUBLESHOOTING
Ok, you've installed the module, but can't seem to get it to work properly. Here are some things you can try:
** make sure you turn on the "SHOW_ERRORS" paramentere when calling "new" to create the object. This helps with troubleshooting.
- You Have To Run From The Console
-
A console window doesn't count as "the console". You cannot use this module from within X-Windows. It won't work, and likely will only go into emulation mode if you do, or maybe crash, or even corrupt your X-Windows screen.
If you want to run your program within X-Windows, then you have the wrong module. Use SDL or GTK or something similar.
You HAVE to have a framebuffer based video driver for this to work. The device ("/dev/fb0" for example) must exist.
If it does exist, but is not "/dev/fb0", then you can define it in the 'new' method with the "FB_DEVICE" parameter.
- It Just Plain Isn't Working
-
Well, either your system doesn't have a framebuffer driver, or perhaps the module is getting confusing data back from it and can't properly initialize.
First, make sure your system has a framebuffer by seeing if "/dev/fb0" (actually "fb" then any number). If you don't see any "fb0" - "fb31" files inside "/dev", then you don't have a framebuffer driver running. You need to fix that first.
Second, ok, you have a framebuffer driver, but nothing is showing, or it's all funky looking. Now make sure you have the program "fbset" installed. It's used as a last resort by this module to figure out how to draw on the screen when all else fails. To see if you have "fbset" installed, just type "fbset -i" and it should show you information about the framebuffer. If you get an error, then you need to install "fbset".
- The Text Cursor Is Messing Things Up
-
It is? Well then turn it off. Use the $obj->cls('OFF') method to do it. Use $obj->cls('ON') to turn it back on.
If your script exits without turning the cursor back on, then it will still be off. To get your cursor back, just type the command "reset".
- TrueType Printing isn't working
-
This is likely caused by the Imager library either being unable to locate the font file, or when it was compiled, it couldn't find the FreeType development libraries, and was thus compiled without TrueType text support.
See the README file for instructions on getting Imager properly compiled.
- It's Too Slow
-
Ok, it does say a PERL graphics library in the description, if I am not mistaken. This means Perl is doing all the work. This also means it is only as fast as your system and its CPU.
You could try recompiling Perl with optimizations specific to your hardware. That can help.
You can also try simplifying your drawing to exploit the speed of horizontal lines. Horizonal line drawing is incredibly fast, even for very slow systems.
Only use pixel sizes of 1. Anything larger requires a box to be drawn at the pixel size you asked for. Pixel sizes of 1 only use plot to draw, no boxes, so it is much faster.
Drawing thick vertical lines? Try instead drawing thin boxes of the same size. One large (even skinny) box draws faster than a vertical line is drawn.
Try using 'polygon' to draw complex shapes instead of a series of plot or line commands.
Does your device have more than one core? Well, how about using threads? Just make sure you do it according to the example in the "examples" directory.
- Ask For Help
-
If none of these ideas work, then send me an email, and I may be able to get it functioning for you. I may have you run the "dump.pl" script in the "examples" directory. So you might as well send me the output of that anyway:
perl dump.pl 2>&1 dump.txt
AUTHOR
Richard Kelsch <rich@rk-internet.com>
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2003-2015 Richard Kelsch, All Rights Reserved.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
VERSION
Version 5.54 (October 02, 2015)
THANKS
My thanks go out to those using this module and submitting helpful patches and suggestions for improvement, as well as those who asked for help.
TELL ME ABOUT YOUR PROJECT
I'd love to know if you aree using this library in your project. So send me an email, with pictures and/or a URL (if you have one) showing what it is. If you have a YouTube video, then that would be cool to see too.
YOUTUBE
https://youtu.be/4Yzs55Wpr7E