NAME

Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util - utility functions for Hangul in Unicode

SYNOPSIS

use Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util qw(:all);

decomposeSyllable("\x{AC00}");          # "\x{1100}\x{1161}"
composeSyllable("\x{1100}\x{1161}");    # "\x{AC00}"
decomposeJamo("\x{1101}");              # "\x{1100}\x{1100}"
composeJamo("\x{1100}\x{1100}");        # "\x{1101}"

getHangulName(0xAC00);                  # "HANGUL SYLLABLE GA"
parseHangulName("HANGUL SYLLABLE GA");  # 0xAC00

DESCRIPTION

A Hangul syllable consists of Hangul Jamo (Hangul letters).

Hangul letters are classified into three classes:

CHOSEONG  (the initial sound) as a leading consonant (L),
JUNGSEONG (the medial sound)  as a vowel (V),
JONGSEONG (the final sound)   as a trailing consonant (T).

Any Hangul syllable is a composition of (i) L + V, or (ii) L + V + T.

Names of Hangul Syllables have a format of "HANGUL SYLLABLE %s".

Composition and Decomposition

$resultant_string = decomposeSyllable($string)

Decomposes a precomposed syllable (LV or LVT) to a sequence of conjoining jamo (L + V or L + V + T) and returns the result as a string.

Any characters other than Hangul Syllables are not affected.

$resultant_string = composeSyllable($string)

Composes a sequence of conjoining jamo (L + V or L + V + T) to a precomposed syllable (LV or LVT) if possible, and returns the result as a string. A syllable LV and final jamo T are also composed.

Any characters other than Hangul Jamo and Hangul Syllables are not affected.

$resultant_string = decomposeJamo($string)

Decomposes a complex jamo to a sequence of simple jamo if possible, and returns the result as a string. Any characters other than complex jamo are not affected.

e.g.
    CHOSEONG SIOS-PIEUP to CHOSEONG SIOS + PIEUP
    JUNGSEONG AE        to JUNGSEONG A + I
    JUNGSEONG WE        to JUNGSEONG U + EO + I
    JONGSEONG SSANGSIOS to JONGSEONG SIOS + SIOS

$resultant_string = composeJamo($string)

Composes a sequence of simple jamo (L1 + L2, V1 + V2 + V3, etc.) to a complex jamo if possible, and returns the result as a string. Any characters other than simple Jamo are not affected.

e.g.
    CHOSEONG SIOS + PIEUP to CHOSEONG SIOS-PIEUP
    JUNGSEONG A + I       to JUNGSEONG AE
    JUNGSEONG U + EO + I  to JUNGSEONG WE
    JONGSEONG SIOS + SIOS to JONGSEONG SSANGSIOS

$resultant_string = decomposeFull($string)

Decomposes a syllable/complex jamo to a sequence of simple jamo. Equivalent to decomposeJamo(decomposeSyllable($string)).

Composition and Decomposition (Old-interface, deprecated!)

$string_decomposed = decomposeHangul($code_point)

@codepoints = decomposeHangul($code_point)

If the specified code point is of a Hangul Syllable, returns a list of code points (in a list context) or a string (in a scalar context) of its decomposition.

decomposeHangul(0xAC00) # U+AC00 is HANGUL SYLLABLE GA.
   returns "\x{1100}\x{1161}" or (0x1100, 0x1161);

decomposeHangul(0xAE00) # U+AE00 is HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUL.
   returns "\x{1100}\x{1173}\x{11AF}" or (0x1100, 0x1173, 0x11AF);

Otherwise, returns false (empty string or empty list).

decomposeHangul(0x0041) # outside Hangul Syllables
   returns empty string or empty list.

$string_composed = composeHangul($src_string)

@code_points_composed = composeHangul($src_string)

Any sequence of an initial Jamo L and a medial Jamo V is composed to a syllable LV; then any sequence of a syllable LV and a final Jamo T is composed to a syllable LVT.

Any characters other than Hangul Jamo and Hangul Syllables are not affected.

composeHangul("\x{1100}\x{1173}\x{11AF}.")
# returns "\x{AE00}." or (0xAE00,0x2E);

$code_point_composite = getHangulComposite($code_point_here, $code_point_next)

Return the codepoint of the composite if both two code points, $code_point_here and $code_point_next, are in Hangul, and composable.

Otherwise, returns undef.

Hangul Syllable Name

The following functions handle only a precomposed Hangul Syllable (from U+AC00 to U+D7A3), but not a Hangul jamo or other Hangul-related character.

$name = getHangulName($code_point)

If the specified code point is of a Hangul Syllable, returns its name; otherwise it returns undef.

getHangulName(0xAC00) returns "HANGUL SYLLABLE GA";
getHangulName(0x0041) returns undef.

$codepoint = parseHangulName($name)

If the specified name is of a Hangul Syllable, returns its code point; otherwise it returns undef.

parseHangulName("HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUL") returns 0xAE00;

parseHangulName("LATIN SMALL LETTER A") returns undef;

parseHangulName("HANGUL SYLLABLE PERL") returns undef;
 # Regrettably, HANGUL SYLLABLE PERL does not exist :-)

EXPORT

By default,

decomposeHangul
composeHangul
getHangulName
parseHangulName
getHangulComposite

AUTHOR

SADAHIRO Tomoyuki <SADAHIRO@cpan.org>

http://homepage1.nifty.com/nomenclator/perl/

Copyright(C) 2001-2003, SADAHIRO Tomoyuki. Japan. All rights reserved.

This module is free software; you can redistribute it
and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

SEE ALSO

http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15

Annex 10: Hangul, in Unicode Normalization Forms (UAX #15).

http://www.unicode.org/Public/2.1-Update3/UnicodeData-2.1.8.txt

Jamo Decomposition in Old Unicode

http://std.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC22/WG20/docs/N954.PDF

ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG20 N954: Paper by K. KIM: New canonical decomposition and composition processes for Hangeul

(summary: http://std.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC22/WG20/docs/N953.PDF ) (cf. http://std.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC22/WG20/docs/documents.html )