NAME
Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util - utility functions for Hangul in Unicode
SYNOPSIS
use Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util qw(:all);
decomposeSyllable("\x{AC00}"); # "\x{1100}\x{1161}"
composeSyllable("\x{1100}\x{1161}"); # "\x{AC00}"
decomposeJamo("\x{1101}"); # "\x{1100}\x{1100}"
composeJamo("\x{1100}\x{1100}"); # "\x{1101}"
getHangulName(0xAC00); # "HANGUL SYLLABLE GA"
parseHangulName("HANGUL SYLLABLE GA"); # 0xAC00
DESCRIPTION
A Hangul syllable consists of Hangul jamo (Hangul letters).
Hangul letters are classified into three classes:
CHOSEONG (the initial sound) as a leading consonant (L),
JUNGSEONG (the medial sound) as a vowel (V),
JONGSEONG (the final sound) as a trailing consonant (T).
Any Hangul syllable is a composition of (i) L + V, or (ii) L + V + T.
Composition and Decomposition
$resultant_string = decomposeSyllable($string)
-
It decomposes a precomposed syllable (
LV
orLVT
) to a sequence of conjoining jamo (L + V
orL + V + T
) and returns the result as a string.Any characters other than Hangul syllables are not affected.
$resultant_string = composeSyllable($string)
-
It composes a sequence of conjoining jamo (
L + V
orL + V + T
) to a precomposed syllable (LV
orLVT
) if possible, and returns the result as a string. A syllableLV
and final jamoT
are also composed.Any characters other than Hangul jamo and syllables are not affected.
$resultant_string = decomposeJamo($string)
-
It decomposes a complex jamo to a sequence of simple jamo if possible, and returns the result as a string. Any characters other than complex jamo are not affected.
e.g. CHOSEONG SIOS-PIEUP to CHOSEONG SIOS + PIEUP JUNGSEONG AE to JUNGSEONG A + I JUNGSEONG WE to JUNGSEONG U + EO + I JONGSEONG SSANGSIOS to JONGSEONG SIOS + SIOS
$resultant_string = composeJamo($string)
-
It composes a sequence of simple jamo (
L1 + L2
,V1 + V2 + V3
, etc.) to a complex jamo if possible, and returns the result as a string. Any characters other than simple jamo are not affected.e.g. CHOSEONG SIOS + PIEUP to CHOSEONG SIOS-PIEUP JUNGSEONG A + I to JUNGSEONG AE JUNGSEONG U + EO + I to JUNGSEONG WE JONGSEONG SIOS + SIOS to JONGSEONG SSANGSIOS
$resultant_string = decomposeFull($string)
-
It decomposes a syllable/complex jamo to a sequence of simple jamo. Equivalent to
decomposeJamo(decomposeSyllable($string))
.
Composition and Decomposition (Old-interface, deprecated!)
$string_decomposed = decomposeHangul($code_point)
@codepoints = decomposeHangul($code_point)
-
If the specified code point is of a Hangul syllable, it returns a list of code points (in a list context) or a string (in a scalar context) of its decomposition.
decomposeHangul(0xAC00) # U+AC00 is HANGUL SYLLABLE GA. returns "\x{1100}\x{1161}" or (0x1100, 0x1161); decomposeHangul(0xAE00) # U+AE00 is HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUL. returns "\x{1100}\x{1173}\x{11AF}" or (0x1100, 0x1173, 0x11AF);
Otherwise, returns false (empty string or empty list).
decomposeHangul(0x0041) # outside Hangul syllables returns empty string or empty list.
$string_composed = composeHangul($src_string)
@code_points_composed = composeHangul($src_string)
-
Any sequence of an initial jamo
L
and a medial jamoV
is composed to a syllableLV
; then any sequence of a syllableLV
and a final jamoT
is composed to a syllableLVT
.Any characters other than Hangul jamo and syllables are not affected.
composeHangul("\x{1100}\x{1173}\x{11AF}.") # returns "\x{AE00}." or (0xAE00,0x2E);
$code_point_composite = getHangulComposite($code_point_here, $code_point_next)
-
It returns the codepoint of the composite if both two code points,
$code_point_here
and$code_point_next
, are in Hangul, and composable.Otherwise, returns
undef
.
Hangul Syllable Name
The following functions handle only a precomposed Hangul syllable (from U+AC00
to U+D7A3
), but not a Hangul jamo or other Hangul-related character.
Names of Hangul syllables have a format of "HANGUL SYLLABLE %s"
.
$name = getHangulName($code_point)
-
If the specified code point is of a Hangul syllable, it returns its name; otherwise it returns undef.
getHangulName(0xAC00) returns "HANGUL SYLLABLE GA"; getHangulName(0x0041) returns undef.
$codepoint = parseHangulName($name)
-
If the specified name is of a Hangul syllable, it returns its code point; otherwise it returns undef.
parseHangulName("HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUL") returns 0xAE00; parseHangulName("LATIN SMALL LETTER A") returns undef; parseHangulName("HANGUL SYLLABLE PERL") returns undef; # Regrettably, HANGUL SYLLABLE PERL does not exist :-)
Standard Korean Syllable Block
Standard Korean syllable block consists of L+ V+ T*
(a sequence of one or more L, one or more V, and zero or more T) according to conjoining jamo behabior revised in Unicode 3.2 (cf. UAX #28). A sequence of L
followed by T
is not a syllable block without V
, but consists of two nonstandard syllable blocks: one without V
, and another without L
and V
.
$bool = isStandardForm($string)
-
It returns boolean whether the string is encoded in the standard form without a nonstandard sequence. It returns true only if the string contains no nonstandard sequence.
$resultant_string = insertFiller($string)
-
It transforms the string into standard form by inserting fillers into each syllables and returns the result as a string. Choseong filler (
Lf
,U+115F
) is inserted into a syllable block withoutL
. Jungseong filler (Vf
,U+1160
) is inserted into a syllable block withoutV
. $type = getSyllableType($code_point)
-
It returns the Hangul syllable type (cf. HangulSyllableType.txt) for the specified code point as a string:
"L"
for leading jamo,"V"
for vowel jamo,"T"
for trailing jamo,"LV"
for LV syllables,"LVT"
for LVT syllables, and"NA"
for other code points (as Not Applicable).
EXPORT
By default:
decomposeHangul
composeHangul
getHangulName
parseHangulName
getHangulComposite
On request:
decomposeSyllable
composeSyllable
decomposeJamo
composeJamo
decomposeFull
isStandardForm
insertFiller
getSyllableType
AUTHOR
SADAHIRO Tomoyuki <SADAHIRO@cpan.org>
Copyright(C) 2001-2011, SADAHIRO Tomoyuki. Japan. All rights reserved.
This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
SEE ALSO
- Unicode Normalization Forms (UAX #15)
- Conjoining Jamo Behavior (revision) in UAX #28
-
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr28/#3_11_conjoining_jamo_behavior
- Hangul Syllable Type
-
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/HangulSyllableType.txt
- Jamo Decomposition in Old Unicode
-
http://www.unicode.org/Public/2.1-Update3/UnicodeData-2.1.8.txt
- ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG20 N954
-
Paper by K. KIM: New canonical decomposition and composition processes for Hangeul
http://std.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC22/WG20/docs/N954.PDF
(summary: http://std.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC22/WG20/docs/N953.PDF) (cf. http://std.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC22/WG20/docs/documents.html)