NAME
PAR::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions about PAR
SYNOPSIS
This is the Frequently Asked Questions list for the Perl Archive Toolkit. You can edit this document at http://par.perl.org/?FAQ online.
DESCRIPTION
How do I make a .par file for my CPAN module along with the .tar.gz file?
Do this in the module directory:
% make clean
% parl -pYou may also digitally sign the generated .par file:
% parl -sPAR::Dist expects to find your MANIFEST in the current directory, and uses Module::Signature to (optionally) sign the newly generated PAR.
The .par file can be uploaded to CPAN along with your module's .tar.gz file. Users of your module can then install from CPAN with a single command:
% parl -i cpan://PAUSEID/DISTNAME-0.01Where PAUSEID is your PAUSE ID, and DISTNAME is your module's distribution name (eg. Acme-FooBar).
If I try to compile my wxGlade generated script, it doesn't run. What's wrong?
Comment out the line that starts with unless (caller), and compile it again. Note that this is considered a bug; clearing the caller stack is a development in progress.
I get a link error: /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lperl during the make step of the installation on Debian. What's wrong?
You need to install the libperl-dev package.
Alternatively, create a symbolic link from libperl.so.5.6.1 to libperl.so in /usr/lib:
% cd /usr/lib; ln -s libperl.so.5.6.1 libperl.soand re-run the make step of the installation.
I specify a .ico file with --icon for Win32, but the icon is still the black and white camel. What's wrong?
Unlike Perl2EXE, which can use a standard 16-color bitmap as an application icon, PAR requires a true Windows icon file. Download a trial version of Microangelo (http://www.microangelo.us/) and use that to create your .ico file.
The latest Netpbm tools at http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/ has ppmtowinicon, which can tack a pbm and convert it to a windows icon. It is open source and has win32 ports.
I added a directory to my PAR file using zip -r or winzip, and then generated an executable from this PAR file, and the executable failed to run (IO error: reading header signature :..). What's wrong?
As pointed out by Alan Stewart, zip adds a directory entry for the new directory, and it causes the PAR executable to fail.
Just use this :
zip -r -D hello.par my_dir/ or the Archive::Zip::addTree as follows :
$zip->addTree( $root, $dest, sub { -f } )PAR version 0.81 and above supports adding whole directories with pp -A, so you do not normally need to add directories this way.
On what platforms can I run PAR? On what platforms will the resulting executable run?
Win32 (with VC++ or MinGW), FreeBSD, NetBSD, Linux, MacOSX, Cygwin, AIX, Solaris, HP-UX, Tru64.
The resulting executable will run on any platforms that supports the binary format of the generating platform.
How do I extract my script out of packed executable?
In other words, "I did a pp foo.pl and I lost foo.pl, how do I get it back?".
The answer is to just use unzip/winzip/winrar/whatever to decompress the executable, treating it like a normal Zip file. You may need to rename the executable into a .zip extension first.
Can PAR completly hide my source code?
Not completely, but possible to a degree. PAR supports an input filter mechanism via pp -f and pp -F (see PAR::Filter), which can be used to implement source obfuscators (or even product activation schemes).
But if you are looking for 100% bulletproof way of hiding source code, it is not possible with any language. Learning Perl, 3rd Edition has this answer to offer (quoted with permission from Randal Schwartz):
If you're wishing for an opaque binary, though, we have to tell
you that they don't exist. If someone can install and run your
program, they can turn it back into source code. Granted, this
won't necessarily be the same source that you started with, but
it will be some kind of source code. The real way to keep your
secret algorithm a secret is, alas, to apply the proper number
of attorneys; they can write a license that says "you can do
this with the code, but you can't do that. And if you break our
rules, we've got the proper number of attorneys to ensure that
you'll regret it."Perl Tk tips
On Microsoft Windows, start your script with
use strict;
use Encode::Unicode;
use Tk;Some widgets use xbm bitmaps which don't get picked up by PAR. The error is:
couldn't read bitmap file "": No such file or directory at Tk/Widget.pm line 203
error reading bitmap file "" at Tk/Widget.pm line 205.Fix is to find the missing xbm files (perl -V tells you where to start looking), copy them to the script directory, and add them to the executable:
pp -a cbxarrow.xbm -a arrowdownwin.xbm -o test test.plUnder Win32, a pp packed executable has trouble executing other perl scripts or pp packed executable.
Note that this problem should only happen if the perl version of both programs are binary-incompatible.
When running on a Win32 system, if a perl script is packed with pp and invokes another Perl script or pp packed executable, either with system() or backticks, the invoked program runs with the copy of perl5x.dll already loaded into memory.
If the calling executable was packed with pp -d, the perl5x.dll is the one from the installed perl bin directory. Otherwise, it is the one packed with the executable.
The perl5x.dll from the bin dir knows the @INC paths for the installed libraries; the one in the executable does not. Because of this, a program packed without -d calling a program with packed with -d or calling perl.exe to run a plain Perl script may fail. This is a Win32 limitation.
How do I make a .exe that runs with no console window under Windows?
Use the pp --gui option, like this:
% pp --gui -o file.exe file.plHow do I change the Icon of the generated .exe file under Windows?
Use the pp --icon option, like this:
% pp --icon "c:\path\to\MyIcon.ico" -o file.exe file.plOn Windows XP, pp crashes saying that par.exe has encountered a problem
This bug has been be fixed. The following answer applies to PAR 0.76 and earlier:
You may be able to escape this problem by setting some executables to Windows 95 compatibility mode. Specifically, find parl.exe (probably in C:\perl\5.8.0\bin) using Windows Explorer, and right-click on it and choose Properties. Choose the "Compatibility" tab and tick the box for Run this program with compatibility mode for and check that the dropdown shows Windows 95. Then click OK.
Now you can hopefully run pp as normal to generate an EXE. Before you can run the generated EXE, you'll need to set its compatibility mode too, in the same way as you did for parl.exe.
Problem with Win32::Perms and Perms.DLL
This bug has been be fixed. The following answer applies to PAR 0.79 and earlier:
With a script my.pl using Win32::Perms, running pp -o my.exe my.pl may produce this:
Can't locate loadable object for module Win32::Perms in @INC (@INC
contains: CODE(0xb97eec) CODE(0xc8a99c) .) at ../blib/lib/PAR/Heavy.pm
line 78In fact the dll is Perms.DLL wit DLL in capital letters. That's the problem. The bootstrap function of PAR in the Dynaloader module fails looking for Perms.dll in the table of dlls which contains only Perms.DLL.
And so the solution is just rename Perms.DLL to Perms.dll and do pp -o my.exe my.pl again... and everything goes right!
Problems with chdir() and relative @INC paths
If a perl program's @INC list contains relative paths and that program calls chdir before loading a module via require, its behavior can be different from a PAR-packed executable based on that program. This is because pp typically gleans the module loads without executing code, so it doesn't see the chdir. Note that this primarily affects developers who routinely use -Mblib or -I inc etc.
Here's a simple workaround to turn your relative @INC paths into absolute paths before chdir.
require File::Spec;
for (@INC) {
if (! ref $_ && -d $_ && !File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute($_)) {
$_ = File::Spec->rel2abs($_);
}
}Source: http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.par/2281
My PAR executable needs some dynamic libraries
If you use a Perl module that is tied to a dynamic library (that is, a .dll, .so or .dylib) via XS then PAR will not automatically detect and include that dependency. This omission can cause problems when the PAR package is executed on a machine that lacks the library. The symptom can look something like this error message:
Can't load '/tmp/par-dave/cache-f5cc9fa27d926a299b2883dcef7dbc7aed777aff/2cffd144.bundle'
for module Image::Imlib2:
dlopen(/tmp/par-dave/cache-f5cc9fa27d926a299b2883dcef7dbc7aed777aff/2cffd144.bundle, 1):
Library not loaded: /sw/lib/libImlib2.1.dylibThe key is the last line. This can be solved by adding a -l flag to pp like so:
% pp -l /sw/lib/libImlib2.1.dylib -o foo foo.plHowever, this will go badly if that path is actually a symlink, because PAR mistakenly includes the wrong filename. On my computer I see that this is the case:
% ls -l /sw/lib/libImlib2*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root admin 797472 Feb 19 14:49 /sw/lib/libImlib2.1.2.1.dylib
lrwxr-xr-x 1 root admin 21 Feb 27 08:34 /sw/lib/libImlib2.1.dylib -> libImlib2.1.2.1.dylib
-rw-r--r-- 1 root admin 916400 Feb 19 14:49 /sw/lib/libImlib2.a
lrwxr-xr-x 1 root admin 21 Feb 27 08:34 /sw/lib/libImlib2.dylib -> libImlib2.1.2.1.dylib
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root admin 941 Feb 19 14:49 /sw/lib/libImlib2.laA workaround is to make a copy of the library before running pp. This resolves the symlink and creates a real file that pp can injest:
% cp /sw/lib/libImlib2.1.dylib .
% pp -l libImlib2.1.dylib -o foo foo.pl[Note: Imlib2 posed particular problems due to hard-coded paths. Email cdolan at cpan.org for some nasty hacks if you need to bundle Imlib2]
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
Audrey Tang <cpan@audreyt.org>
http://par.perl.org/ is the official PAR website. You can write to the mailing list at <par@perl.org>, or send an empty mail to <par-subscribe@perl.org> to participate in the discussion.
Please submit bug reports to <bug-par@rt.cpan.org>.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 by Audrey Tang <cpan@audreyt.org>.
This document is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.