NAME

Mojolicious::Controller - Controller base class

SYNOPSIS


            
              
              # Controller
package MyApp::Controller::Foo;
use Mojo::Base 'Mojolicious::Controller';
# Action
sub bar {
  my $self = shift;
  my $name = $self->param('name');
  $self->res->headers->cache_control('max-age=1, no-cache');
  $self->render(json => {hello => $name});
}

DESCRIPTION

Mojolicious::Controller is the base class for your Mojolicious controllers. It is also the default controller class unless you set "controller_class" in Mojolicious.

ATTRIBUTES

Mojolicious::Controller inherits all attributes from Mojo::Base and implements the following new ones.

app


            
              
              my $app = $c->app;
$c      = $c->app(Mojolicious->new);

A reference back to the application that dispatched to this controller, defaults to a Mojolicious object.


            
              
              # Use application logger
$c->app->log->debug('Hello Mojo!');
# Generate path
my $path = $c->app->home->rel_file('templates/foo/bar.html.ep');

match


            
              
              my $m = $c->match;
$c    = $c->match(Mojolicious::Routes::Match->new);

Router results for the current request, defaults to a Mojolicious::Routes::Match object.


            
              
              # Introspect
my $controller = $c->match->endpoint->pattern->defaults->{controller};
my $action     = $c->match->stack->[-1]{action};

tx


            
              
              my $tx = $c->tx;
$c     = $c->tx(Mojo::Transaction::HTTP->new);

The transaction that is currently being processed, usually a Mojo::Transaction::HTTP or Mojo::Transaction::WebSocket object. Note that this reference is usually weakened, so the object needs to be referenced elsewhere as well when you're performing non-blocking operations and the underlying connection might get closed early.


            
              
              # Check peer information
my $address = $c->tx->remote_address;
my $port    = $c->tx->remote_port;
# Perform non-blocking operation without knowing the connection status
my $tx = $c->tx;
Mojo::IOLoop->timer(2 => sub {
  $c->app->log->debug($tx->is_finished ? 'Finished.' : 'In progress.');
});

METHODS

Mojolicious::Controller inherits all methods from Mojo::Base and implements the following new ones.

continue


            
              
              $c->continue;

Continue dispatch chain with "continue" in Mojolicious::Routes.


            
              
              my $value       = $c->cookie('foo');
my ($foo, $bar) = $c->cookie(['foo', 'bar']);
$c              = $c->cookie(foo => 'bar');
$c              = $c->cookie(foo => 'bar', {path => '/'});

Access request cookie values and create new response cookies. If there are multiple values sharing the same name, and you want to access more than just the last one, you can use "every_cookie".


            
              
              # Create response cookie with domain and expiration date
$c->cookie(user => 'sri', {domain => 'example.com', expires => time + 60});

every_cookie


            
              
              my $values = $c->every_cookie('foo');

Similar to "cookie", but returns all request cookie values sharing the same name as an array reference.


            
              
              $ Get first cookie value
my $first = $c->every_cookie('foo')->[0];

every_param


            
              
              my $values = $c->every_param('foo');

Similar to "param", but returns all values sharing the same name as an array reference.


            
              
              # Get first value
my $first = $c->every_param('foo')->[0];

every_signed_cookie


            
              
              my $values = $c->every_signed_cookie('foo');

Similar to "signed_cookie", but returns all signed request cookie values sharing the same name as an array reference.


            
              
              # Get first signed cookie value
my $first = $c->every_signed_cookie('foo')->[0];

finish


            
              
              $c = $c->finish;
$c = $c->finish(1000);
$c = $c->finish(1003 => 'Cannot accept data!');
$c = $c->finish('Bye!');

Close WebSocket connection or long poll stream gracefully.

flash


            
              
              my $foo = $c->flash('foo');
$c      = $c->flash({foo => 'bar'});
$c      = $c->flash(foo => 'bar');

Data storage persistent only for the next request, stored in the "session".


            
              
              # Show message after redirect
$c->flash(message => 'User created successfully!');
$c->redirect_to('show_user', id => 23);

helpers


            
              
              my $helpers = $c->helpers;

Return a proxy object containing the current controller object and on which helpers provided by "app" can be called. This includes all helpers from Mojolicious::Plugin::DefaultHelpers and Mojolicious::Plugin::TagHelpers.


            
              
              # Make sure to use the "title" helper and not the controller method
$c->helpers->title('Welcome!');

on


            
              
              my $cb = $c->on(finish => sub {...});

Subscribe to events of "tx", which is usually a Mojo::Transaction::HTTP or Mojo::Transaction::WebSocket object. Note that this method will automatically respond to WebSocket handshake requests with a 101 response status.


            
              
              # Do something after the transaction has been finished
$c->on(finish => sub {
  my $c = shift;
  $c->app->log->debug('We are done!');
});
# Receive WebSocket message
$c->on(message => sub {
  my ($c, $msg) = @_;
  $c->app->log->debug("Message: $msg");
});
# Receive JSON object via WebSocket message
$c->on(json => sub {
  my ($c, $hash) = @_;
  $c->app->log->debug("Test: $hash->{test}");
});
# Receive WebSocket "Binary" message
$c->on(binary => sub {
  my ($c, $bytes) = @_;
  my $len = length $bytes;
  $c->app->log->debug("Received $len bytes.");
});

param


            
              
              my @names       = $c->param;
my $value       = $c->param('foo');
my ($foo, $bar) = $c->param(['foo', 'bar']);
$c              = $c->param(foo => 'ba;r');
$c              = $c->param(foo => qw(ba;r baz));
$c              = $c->param(foo => ['ba;r', 'baz']);

Access route placeholder values that are not reserved stash values, file uploads as well as GET and POST parameters extracted from the query string and application/x-www-form-urlencoded or multipart/form-data message body, in that order. If there are multiple values sharing the same name, and you want to access more than just the last one, you can use "every_param". Parts of the request body need to be loaded into memory to parse POST parameters, so you have to make sure it is not excessively large, there's a 10MB limit by default.


            
              
              # Get first value
my $first = $c->every_param('foo')->[0];

For more control you can also access request information directly.


            
              
              # Only GET parameters
my $foo = $c->req->url->query->param('foo');
# Only POST parameters
my $foo = $c->req->body_params->param('foo');
# Only GET and POST parameters
my $foo = $c->req->param('foo');
# Only file uploads
my $foo = $c->req->upload('foo');

redirect_to


            
              
              $c = $c->redirect_to('named', foo => 'bar');
$c = $c->redirect_to('named', {foo => 'bar'});
$c = $c->redirect_to('/perldoc');
$c = $c->redirect_to('http://mojolicio.us/perldoc');

Prepare a 302 redirect response, takes the same arguments as "url_for".


            
              
              # Moved permanently
$c->res->code(301);
$c->redirect_to('some_route');

render


            
              
              my $bool = $c->render;
my $bool = $c->render(controller => 'foo', action => 'bar');
my $bool = $c->render(template => 'foo/index');
my $bool = $c->render(template => 'index', format => 'html');
my $bool = $c->render(data => $bytes);
my $bool = $c->render(text => 'Hello!');
my $bool = $c->render(json => {foo => 'bar'});
my $bool = $c->render(handler => 'something');
my $bool = $c->render('foo/index');

Render content with "render" in Mojolicious::Renderer and emit hooks "before_render" in Mojolicious as well as "after_render" in Mojolicious. If no template is provided a default one based on controller and action or route name will be generated with "template_for" in Mojolicious::Renderer, all additional pairs get merged into the "stash".


            
              
              # Render characters
$c->render(text => 'I ♥ Mojolicious!');
# Render binary data
use Mojo::JSON 'encode_json';
$c->render(data => encode_json({test => 'I ♥ Mojolicious!'}));
# Render JSON
$c->render(json => {test => 'I ♥ Mojolicious!'});
# Render template "foo/bar.html.ep"
$c->render(template => 'foo/bar', format => 'html', handler => 'ep');
# Render template "foo/bar.*.*"
$c->render(template => 'foo/bar');
# Render template "test.xml.*"
$c->render('test', format => 'xml');

render_exception


            
              
              $c = $c->render_exception('Oops!');
$c = $c->render_exception(Mojo::Exception->new('Oops!'));

Alias for "reply->exception" in Mojolicious::Plugin::DefaultHelpers.

render_later


            
              
              $c = $c->render_later;

Disable automatic rendering to delay response generation, only necessary if automatic rendering would result in a response.


            
              
              # Delayed rendering
$c->render_later;
Mojo::IOLoop->timer(2 => sub {
  $c->render(text => 'Delayed by 2 seconds!');
});

render_maybe


            
              
              my $bool = $c->render_maybe;
my $bool = $c->render_maybe(controller => 'foo', action => 'bar');
my $bool = $c->render_maybe('foo/index', format => 'html');

Try to render content, but do not call "reply->not_found" in Mojolicious::Plugin::DefaultHelpers if no response could be generated, takes the same arguments as "render".


            
              
              # Render template "index_local" only if it exists
$c->render_maybe('index_local') or $c->render('index');

render_not_found


            
              
              $c = $c->render_not_found;

Alias for "reply->not_found" in Mojolicious::Plugin::DefaultHelpers.

render_to_string


            
              
              my $output = $c->render_to_string('foo/index', format => 'pdf');

Try to render content and return it wrapped in a Mojo::ByteStream object or return undef, all arguments get localized automatically and are only available during this render operation, takes the same arguments as "render".

rendered


            
              
              $c = $c->rendered;
$c = $c->rendered(302);

Finalize response and emit hook "after_dispatch" in Mojolicious, defaults to using a 200 response code.


            
              
              # Custom response
$c->res->headers->content_type('text/plain');
$c->res->body('Hello World!');
$c->rendered(200);
# Accept WebSocket handshake without subscribing to an event
$c->rendered(101);

req


            
              
              my $req = $c->req;

Get Mojo::Message::Request object from "tx".


            
              
              # Longer version
my $req = $c->tx->req;
# Extract request information
my $url   = $c->req->url->to_abs;
my $info  = $c->req->url->to_abs->userinfo;
my $host  = $c->req->url->to_abs->host;
my $agent = $c->req->headers->user_agent;
my $bytes = $c->req->body;
my $str   = $c->req->text;
my $hash  = $c->req->params->to_hash;
my $value = $c->req->json;
my $foo   = $c->req->json('/23/foo');
my $dom   = $c->req->dom;
my $bar   = $c->req->dom('div.bar')->first->text;

res


            
              
              my $res = $c->res;

Get Mojo::Message::Response object from "tx".


            
              
              # Longer version
my $res = $c->tx->res;
# Force file download by setting a custom response header
$c->res->headers->content_disposition('attachment; filename=foo.png;');

respond_to


            
              
              $c = $c->respond_to(
  json => {json => {message => 'Welcome!'}},
  html => {template => 'welcome'},
  any  => sub {...}
);

Automatically select best possible representation for resource from Accept request header, format stash value or format GET/POST parameter, defaults to rendering an empty 204 response. Since browsers often don't really know what they actually want, unspecific Accept request headers with more than one MIME type will be ignored, unless the X-Requested-With header is set to the value XMLHttpRequest.


            
              
              $c->respond_to(
  json => sub { $c->render(json => {just => 'works'}) },
  xml  => {text => '<just>works</just>'},
  any  => {data => '', status => 204}
);

For more advanced negotiation logic you can also use the helper "accepts" in Mojolicious::Plugin::DefaultHelpers.

send


            
              
              $c = $c->send({binary => $bytes});
$c = $c->send({text   => $bytes});
$c = $c->send({json   => {test => [1, 2, 3]}});
$c = $c->send([$fin, $rsv1, $rsv2, $rsv3, $op, $payload]);
$c = $c->send($chars);
$c = $c->send($chars => sub {...});

Send message or frame non-blocking via WebSocket, the optional drain callback will be invoked once all data has been written. Note that this method will automatically respond to WebSocket handshake requests with a 101 response status.


            
              
              # Send "Text" message
$c->send('I ♥ Mojolicious!');
# Send JSON object as "Text" message
$c->send({json => {test => 'I ♥ Mojolicious!'}});
# Send JSON object as "Binary" message
use Mojo::JSON 'encode_json';
$c->send({binary => encode_json({test => 'I ♥ Mojolicious!'})});
# Send "Ping" frame
$c->send([1, 0, 0, 0, 9, 'Hello World!']);
# Make sure previous message has been written before continuing
$c->send('First message!' => sub {
  my $c = shift;
  $c->send('Second message!');
});

For mostly idle WebSockets you might also want to increase the inactivity timeout with "inactivity_timeout" in Mojolicious::Plugin::DefaultHelpers, which usually defaults to 15 seconds.


            
              
              # Increase inactivity timeout for connection to 300 seconds
$c->inactivity_timeout(300);

session


            
              
              my $session = $c->session;
my $foo     = $c->session('foo');
$c          = $c->session({foo => 'bar'});
$c          = $c->session(foo => 'bar');

Persistent data storage for the next few requests, all session data gets serialized with Mojo::JSON and stored Base64 encoded in HMAC-SHA1 signed cookies. Note that cookies usually have a 4096 byte (4KB) limit, depending on browser.


            
              
              # Manipulate session
$c->session->{foo} = 'bar';
my $foo = $c->session->{foo};
delete $c->session->{foo};
# Expiration date in seconds from now (persists between requests)
$c->session(expiration => 604800);
# Expiration date as absolute epoch time (only valid for one request)
$c->session(expires => time + 604800);
# Delete whole session by setting an expiration date in the past
$c->session(expires => 1);

signed_cookie


            
              
              my $value       = $c->signed_cookie('foo');
my ($foo, $bar) = $c->signed_cookie(['foo', 'bar']);
$c              = $c->signed_cookie(foo => 'bar');
$c              = $c->signed_cookie(foo => 'bar', {path => '/'});

Access signed request cookie values and create new signed response cookies. If there are multiple values sharing the same name, and you want to access more than just the last one, you can use "every_signed_cookie". Cookies failing HMAC-SHA1 signature verification will be automatically discarded.

stash


            
              
              my $hash = $c->stash;
my $foo  = $c->stash('foo');
$c       = $c->stash({foo => 'bar'});
$c       = $c->stash(foo => 'bar');

Non-persistent data storage and exchange for the current request, application wide default values can be set with "defaults" in Mojolicious. Some stash values have a special meaning and are reserved, the full list is currently action, app, cb, controller, data, extends, format, handler, json, layout, namespace, path, status, template, text and variant. Note that all stash values with a mojo.* prefix are reserved for internal use.


            
              
              # Remove value
my $foo = delete $c->stash->{foo};

url_for


            
              
              my $url = $c->url_for;
my $url = $c->url_for(name => 'sebastian');
my $url = $c->url_for({name => 'sebastian'});
my $url = $c->url_for('test', name => 'sebastian');
my $url = $c->url_for('test', {name => 'sebastian'});
my $url = $c->url_for('/perldoc');
my $url = $c->url_for('//mojolicio.us/perldoc');
my $url = $c->url_for('http://mojolicio.us/perldoc');
my $url = $c->url_for('mailto:sri@example.com');

Generate a portable Mojo::URL object with base for a path, URL or route.


            
              
              # "http://127.0.0.1:3000/perldoc" if application has been started with Morbo
$c->url_for('/perldoc')->to_abs;
# "/perldoc?foo=bar" if application is deployed under "/"
$c->url_for('/perldoc')->query(foo => 'bar');
# "/myapp/perldoc?foo=bar" if application is deployed under "/myapp"
$c->url_for('/perldoc')->query(foo => 'bar');

You can also use the helper "url_with" in Mojolicious::Plugin::DefaultHelpers to inherit query parameters from the current request.


            
              
              # "/list?q=mojo&page=2" if current request was for "/list?q=mojo&page=1"
$c->url_with->query([page => 2]);

validation


            
              
              my $validation = $c->validation;

Get Mojolicious::Validator::Validation object for current request to validate GET and POST parameters extracted from the query string and application/x-www-form-urlencoded or multipart/form-data message body. Parts of the request body need to be loaded into memory to parse POST parameters, so you have to make sure it is not excessively large, there's a 10MB limit by default.


            
              
              my $validation = $c->validation;
$validation->required('title')->size(3, 50);
my $title = $validation->param('title');

write


            
              
              $c = $c->write;
$c = $c->write($bytes);
$c = $c->write(sub {...});
$c = $c->write($bytes => sub {...});

Write dynamic content non-blocking, the optional drain callback will be invoked once all data has been written.


            
              
              # Keep connection alive (with Content-Length header)
$c->res->headers->content_length(6);
$c->write('Hel' => sub {
  my $c = shift;
  $c->write('lo!')
});
# Close connection when finished (without Content-Length header)
$c->write('Hel' => sub {
  my $c = shift;
  $c->write('lo!' => sub {
    my $c = shift;
    $c->finish;
  });
});

For Comet (long polling) you might also want to increase the inactivity timeout with "inactivity_timeout" in Mojolicious::Plugin::DefaultHelpers, which usually defaults to 15 seconds.


            
              
              # Increase inactivity timeout for connection to 300 seconds
$c->inactivity_timeout(300);

write_chunk


            
              
              $c = $c->write_chunk;
$c = $c->write_chunk($bytes);
$c = $c->write_chunk(sub {...});
$c = $c->write_chunk($bytes => sub {...});

Write dynamic content non-blocking with chunked transfer encoding, the optional drain callback will be invoked once all data has been written.


            
              
              # Make sure previous chunk has been written before continuing
$c->write_chunk('He' => sub {
  my $c = shift;
  $c->write_chunk('ll' => sub {
    my $c = shift;
    $c->finish('o!');
  });
});

You can call "finish" at any time to end the stream.

AUTOLOAD

In addition to the "ATTRIBUTES" and "METHODS" above you can also call helpers provided by "app" on Mojolicious::Controller objects. This includes all helpers from Mojolicious::Plugin::DefaultHelpers and Mojolicious::Plugin::TagHelpers.


            
              
              # Call helpers
$c->layout('green');
$c->title('Welcome!');
# Longer version
$c->helpers->layout('green');

	Global
`s`	Focus search bar
`?`	Bring up this help dialog

	GitHub
`g` `p`	Go to pull requests
`g` `i`	go to github issues (only if github is preferred repository)

	POD
`g` `a`	Go to author
`g` `c`	Go to changes
`g` `i`	Go to issues
`g` `d`	Go to dist
`g` `r`	Go to repository/SCM
`g` `s`	Go to source
`g` `b`	Go to file browse

	Search terms
module: (e.g. module:Plugin)
distribution: (e.g. distribution:Dancer auth)
author: (e.g. author:SONGMU Redis)
version: (e.g. version:1.00)