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NAME
Memcached::libmemcached - Thin fast full interface to the libmemcached client API
VERSION
Version 0.4406 (with libmemcached-0.44 embedded)
SYNOPSIS
use Memcached::libmemcached;
$memc = memcached_create();
memcached_server_add($memc, "localhost");
memcached_set($memc, $key, $value);
$value = memcached_get($memc, $key);DESCRIPTION
Memcached::libmemcached is a very thin, highly efficient, wrapper around the libmemcached library. It's implemented almost entirely in C.
It gives full access to the rich functionality offered by libmemcached. libmemcached is fast, light on memory usage, thread safe, and provide full access to server side methods.
- Synchronous and Asynchronous support.
- TCP and Unix Socket protocols.
- A half dozen or so different hash algorithms.
- Implementations of the new cas, replace, and append operators.
- Man pages written up on entire API.
- Implements both modulo and consistent hashing solutions. (At the moment Memcached::libmemcached is very new and not all the functions in libmemcached have perl interfaces yet. It's usually trivial to add functions - just a few lines in libmemcached.xs, a few lines of documentation, and a few lines of testing. Volunteers welcome!)
The libmemcached library documentation (which is bundled with this module) serves as the primary reference for the functionality.
This documentation provides summary of the functions, along with any issues specific to this perl interface, and references to the documentation for the corresponding functions in the underlying library.
For more information on libmemcached, see http://libmemcached.org
CONVENTIONS
Terminology
The term "memcache" is used to refer to the memcached_st structure at the heart of the libmemcached library. We'll use $memc to represent this structure in perl code. (The libmemcached library documentation uses ptr.)
Traditional and Object-Oriented
There are two ways to use the functionality offered by this module:
* You can import the functions you want to use and call them explicitly.
* Or, you can use $memc as an object and call most of the functions as methods. You can do that for any function that takes a $memc (ptr) as its first argument, which is almost all of them.
Since the primary focus of this module is to be a thin wrapper around libmemcached, the bulk of this documentation describes the traditional functional interface.
The object-oriented interface is mainly targeted at modules wishing to subclass Memcached::libmemcached, such as Cache::Memcached::libmemcached. For more information see "OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE".
Function Names and Arguments
The function names in the libmemcached library have exactly the same names in Memcached::libmemcached.
The function arguments are also the same as the libmemcached library and documentation, with two exceptions:
* There are no length arguments. Wherever the libmemcached documentation shows a length argument (input or output) the corresponding argument doesn't exist in the Perl API because it's not needed.
* Some arguments are optional.
Many libmemcached function arguments are output values: the argument is the address of the value that the function will modify. For these the perl function will modify the argument directly if it can. For example, in this call:
$value = memcached_get($memc, $key, $flags, $rc);The $flags and $rc arguments are output values that are modified by the memcached_get() function.
See the "Type Mapping" section for the fine detail of how each argument type is handled.
Return Status
Most of the functions return an integer status value. This is shown as memcached_return in the libmemcached documentation.
In the perl interface this value is not returned directly. Instead a simple boolean is returned: true for 'success', defined but false for some 'unsuccessful' conditions like 'not found', and undef for all other cases (i.e., errors).
All the functions documented below return this simple boolean value unless otherwise indicated.
The actual memcached_return integer value, and corresponding error message, for the last libmemcached function call can be accessed via the "errstr" method.
Unimplemented Functions
Functions relating to managing lists of servers (memcached_server_push, and memcached_server_list) have not been implemenetd because they're not needed and likely to be deprecated by libmemcached.
Functions relating to iterating through results (memcached_result_*) have not been implemented yet. They're not a priority because similar functionality is available via the callbacks. See "set_callback_coderefs".
EXPORTS
All the public functions in libmemcached are available for import.
All the public constants and enums in libmemcached are also available for import.
Exporter tags are defined for each enum. This allows you to import groups of constants easily. For example, to enable consistent hashing you could use:
use Memcached::libmemcached qw(:memcached_behavior :memcached_server_distribution);
memcached_behavior_set($memc, MEMCACHED_BEHAVIOR_DISTRIBUTION(), MEMCACHED_DISTRIBUTION_CONSISTENT());The Exporter module allows patterns in the import list, so to import all the functions, for example, you can use:
use Memcached::libmemcached qw(/^memcached/);Refer to Memcached::libmemcached::constants for a full list of the available constants and the tags they are grouped by.
FUNCTIONS
Functions For Managing Memcaches
memcached_create
my $memc = memcached_create();Creates and returns a 'memcache' that represents the state of communication with a set of memcached servers. See Memcached::libmemcached::memcached_create.
memcached_clone
my $memc = memcached_clone(undef, undef);XXX Not currently recommended for use. See Memcached::libmemcached::memcached_create.
memcached_free
memcached_free($memc);Frees the memory associated with $memc. After calling it $memc can't be used. See Memcached::libmemcached::memcached_create.
memcached_server_count
$server_count= memcached_server_count($memc);Returns a count of the number of servers associated with $memc. See Memcached::libmemcached::memcached_servers.
memcached_server_add
memcached_server_add_with_weight
memcached_server_add($memc, $hostname, $port);
memcached_server_add_with_weight($memc, $hostname, $port, $weight);Adds details of a single memcached server (accessed via TCP/IP) to $memc. See Memcached::libmemcached::memcached_servers. The default weight is 0.
memcached_server_add_unix_socket
memcached_server_add_unix_socket_with_weight
memcached_server_add_unix_socket($memc, $socket_path);
memcached_server_add_unix_socket_with_weight($memc, $socket_path);Adds details of a single memcached server (accessed via a UNIX domain socket) to $memc. See Memcached::libmemcached::memcached_servers. The default weight is 0.
memcached_behavior_set
memcached_behavior_set($memc, $option_key, $option_value);Changes the value of a particular option. See Memcached::libmemcached::memcached_behavior.
memcached_behavior_get
memcached_behavior_get($memc, $option_key);Get the value of a particular option. See Memcached::libmemcached::memcached_behavior.
memcached_callback_set
memcached_callback_set($memc, $flag, $value);Set callback flag value.
The only flag currently supported is MEMCACHED_CALLBACK_PREFIX_KEY. The $value must be less than MEMCACHED_PREFIX_KEY_MAX_SIZE (eg 128) bytes. It also can't be empty https://bugs.launchpad.net/libmemcached/+bug/667878
memcached_callback_get
$value = memcached_callback_set($memc, $flag, $return_status);Get callback flag value. Sets return status in $return_status. The only flag currently supported is MEMCACHED_CALLBACK_PREFIX_KEY. Returns undef on error.
Functions for Setting Values
See Memcached::libmemcached::memcached_set.
memcached_set
memcached_set($memc, $key, $value);
memcached_set($memc, $key, $value, $expiration, $flags);Set $value as the value of $key. $expiration and $flags are both optional and default to 0.
memcached_add
memcached_add($memc, $key, $value);
memcached_add($memc, $key, $value, $expiration, $flags);Like "memcached_set" except that an error is returned if $key is already stored in the server.
memcached_replace
memcached_replace($memc, $key, $value);
memcached_replace($memc, $key, $value, $expiration, $flags);Like "memcached_set" except that an error is returned if $key is not already error is returned.
memcached_prepend
memcached_prepend($memc, $key, $value);
memcached_prepend($memc, $key, $value, $expiration, $flags);Prepend $value to the value of $key. $key must already exist. $expiration and $flags are both optional and default to 0.
memcached_append
memcached_append($memc, $key, $value);
memcached_append($memc, $key, $value, $expiration, $flags);Append $value to the value of $key. $key must already exist. $expiration and $flags are both optional and default to 0.
memcached_cas
memcached_cas($memc, $key, $value, $expiration, $flags, $cas)Overwrites data in the server stored as $key as long as $cas still has the same value in the server.
Cas is still buggy in memached. Turning on support for it in libmemcached is optional. Please see memcached_behavior_set() for information on how to do this.
XXX and the memcached_result_cas() function isn't implemented yet so you can't get the $cas to use.
Functions for Fetching Values
See Memcached::libmemcached::memcached_get.
The memcached_fetch_result() and
memcached_get
$value = memcached_get($memc, $key);
$value = memcached_get($memc, $key, $flags, $rc);Get and return the value of $key. Returns undef on error.
Also updates $flags to the value of the flags stored with $value, and updates $rc with the return code.
memcached_mget
memcached_mget($memc, \@keys);
memcached_mget($memc, \%keys);Triggers the asynchronous fetching of multiple keys at once. For multiple key operations it is always faster to use this function. You must then use memcached_fetch() or memcached_fetch_result() to retrieve any keys found. No error is given on keys that are not found.
Instead of this function, you'd normally use the "mget_into_hashref" method.
memcached_fetch
$value = memcached_fetch($memc, $key);
$value = memcached_fetch($memc, $key, $flag, $rc);Fetch the next $key and $value pair returned in response to a memcached_mget() call. Returns undef if there are no more values.
If $flag is given then it will be updated to whatever flags were stored with the value. If $rc is given then it will be updated to the return code.
This is similar to "memcached_get" except its fetching the results from the previous call to "memcached_mget" and $key is an output parameter instead of an input. Usually you'd just use the "mget_into_hashref" method instead.
Functions for Incrementing and Decrementing Values
memcached servers have the ability to increment and decrement unsigned integer keys (overflow and underflow are not detected). This gives you the ability to use memcached to generate shared sequences of values.
See Memcached::libmemcached::memcached_auto.
memcached_increment
memcached_increment( $key, $offset, $new_value_out );Increments the integer value associated with $key by $offset and returns the new value in $new_value_out.
memcached_decrement
memcached_decrement( $key, $offset, $new_value_out );Decrements the integer value associated with $key by $offset and returns the new value in $new_value_out.
memcached_increment_with_initial
memcached_increment_with_initial( $key, $offset, $initial, $expiration, $new_value_out );Increments the integer value associated with $key by $offset and returns the new value in $new_value_out.
If the object specified by key does not exist, one of two things may happen: If the expiration value is MEMCACHED_EXPIRATION_NOT_ADD, the operation will fail. For all other expiration values, the operation will succeed by seeding the value for that key with a initial value to expire with the provided expiration time. The flags will be set to zero.
memcached_decrement_with_initial
memcached_decrement_with_initial( $key, $offset, $initial, $expiration, $new_value_out );Decrements the integer value associated with $key by $offset and returns the new value in $new_value_out.
If the object specified by key does not exist, one of two things may happen: If the expiration value is MEMCACHED_EXPIRATION_NOT_ADD, the operation will fail. For all other expiration values, the operation will succeed by seeding the value for that key with a initial value to expire with the provided expiration time. The flags will be set to zero.
memcached_increment_by_key
memcached_decrement_by_key
memcached_increment_with_initial_by_key
memcached_decrement_with_initial_by_key
These are the master key equivalents of the above. They all take an extra initial $master_key parameter.
Functions for Deleting Values from memcached
See Memcached::libmemcached::memcached_delete.
memcached_delete
memcached_delete($memc, $key);
memcached_delete($memc, $key, $expiration);Delete $key. If $expiration is greater than zero then the key is deleted by memcached after that many seconds.
Functions for Accessing Statistics from memcached
Not yet implemented. See Memcached::libmemcached::memcached_stats.
See walk_stats.
Miscellaneous Functions
memcached_lib_version
$version = memcached_lib_version()Returns a simple version string, like "0.15", representing the libmemcached version (version of the client library, not server).
memcached_version
$version = memcached_version($memc)
($version1, $version2, $version3) = memcached_version($memc)Returns the lowest version of all the memcached servers.
In scalar context returns a simple version string, like "1.2.3". In list context returns the individual version component numbers. Returns an empty list if there was an error.
Note that the return value differs from that of the underlying libmemcached library memcached_version() function.
memcached_verbosity
memcached_verbosity($memc, $verbosity)Modifies the "verbosity" of the memcached servers associated with $memc. See Memcached::libmemcached::memcached_verbosity.
memcached_flush
memcached_flush($memc, $expiration);Wipe clean the contents of associated memcached servers. See Memcached::libmemcached::memcached_flush.
memcached_quit
memcached_quit($memc)Disconnect from all currently connected servers and reset libmemcached state associated with $memc. Not normally called explicitly. See Memcached::libmemcached::memcached_quit.
memcached_strerror
$string = memcached_strerror($memc, $return_code)memcached_strerror() takes a memcached_return value and returns a string describing the error. The string should be treated as read-only (it may be so in future versions). See also Memcached::libmemcached::memcached_strerror.
This function is rarely needed in the Perl interface because the return code is a dualvar that already contains the error string.
Grouping Keys On Servers
Normally libmemcached hashes the $key value to select which memcached server to communicate with. If you have several keys relating to a single object then it's very likely that the corresponding values will be stored in different memcached servers.
It would be more efficient, in general, when setting and getting multiple related values, if it was possible to specify a different value to be hashed to select which memcached server to communicate with. With libmemcached, you can.
Most of the functions for setting and getting values have *_by_key variants for exactly this reason. These all have an extra $master_key parameter immediately after the $memc parameter. For example:
memcached_mget($memc, \%keys, \%dest);
memcached_mget_by_key($memc, $maskey_key, \%keys, \%dest);The *_by_key variants all work in exactly the same way as the corresponding plain function, except that libmemcached hashes $master_key instead of $key to which memcached server to communicate with.
If $master_key is undef then the functions behave the same as their non-by-key variants, i.e., $key is used for hashing.
By-key variants of "Functions for Fetching Values":
memcached_get_by_key
memcached_mget_by_key
By-key variants of "Functions for Setting Values":
memcached_set_by_key
memcached_replace_by_key
memcached_add_by_key
memcached_append_by_key
memcached_cas_by_key
memcached_prepend_by_key
memcached_delete_by_key
OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE
Methods
new
$memc = $class->new; # same as memcached_create()errstr
$errstr = $memc->errstr;Returns the error message and code from the most recent call to any libmemcached function that returns a memcached_return, which most do.
The return value is a dualvar, like $!, which means it has separate numeric and string values. The numeric value is the memcached_return integer value, and the string value is the corresponding error message what memcached_strerror() would return.
As a special case, if the memcached_return is MEMCACHED_ERRNO, indicating a system call error, then the string returned by strerror() is appended.
This method is also currently callable as memcached_errstr() for compatibility with an earlier version, but that deprecated alias will start warning and then cease to exist in future versions.
mget_into_hashref
$memc->mget_into_hashref( \@keys, \%dest_hash); # keys from array
$memc->mget_into_hashref( \%keys, \%dest_hash); # keys from hashCombines memcached_mget() and a memcached_fetch() loop into a single highly efficient call.
Fetched values are stored in \%dest_hash, updating existing values or adding new ones as appropriate.
This method is also currently callable as memcached_mget_into_hashref() for compatibility with an earlier version, but that deprecated alias will start warning and then cease to exist in future versions.
get_multi
$hash_ref = $memc->get_multi( @keys );Effectively the same as:
$memc->mget_into_hashref( \@keys, $hash_ref = { } )So it's very similar to "mget_into_hashref" but less efficient for large numbers of keys (because the keys have to be pushed onto the argument stack) and less flexible (because you can't add/update elements into an existing hash).
This method is provided to optimize subclasses that want to provide a Cache::Memcached compatible API with maximum efficiency. Note, however, that get_multi does not support the Cache::Memcached feature where a key can be a reference to an array [ $master_key, $key ]. Use "memcached_mget_by_key" directly if you need that feature.
get
$value = $memc->get( $key );Effectively the same as:
$value = memcached_get( $memc, $key );The get method also supports the Cache::Memcached feature where $key can be a reference to an array [ $master_key, $key ]. In which case the call is effectively the same as:
$value = memcached_get_by_key( $memc, $key->[0], $key->[1] )set_callback_coderefs
$memc->set_callback_coderefs(\&set_callback, \&get_callback);This interface is experimental and likely to change. (It's also currently used by Cache::Memcached::libmemcached, so don't use it if you're using that module.)
Specify functions which will be executed when values are set and/or get using $memc.
When the callbacks are executed $_ is the value and the arguments are the key and flags value. Both $_ and the flags may be modified.
Currently the functions must return an empty list.
This method is also currently callable as memcached_set_callback_coderefs() for compatibility with an earlier version, but that deprecated alias will start warning and then cease to exist in future versions.
walk_stats
$memc->walk_stats( $stats_args, \&my_stats_callback );This interface is experimental and likely to change.
Calls the memcached_stat_execute() function to issue a "STAT $stats_args" command to the connected memcached servers. The $stats_args argument is usually an empty string.
The callback function is called for each return value from each server. The callback will be passed at least these parameters:
sub my_stats_callback {
my ($key, $value, $hostport) = @_;
# Do what you like with the above!
return;
}Currently the callback must return an empty list.
Prior to version 0.4402 the callback was passed a fourth argument which was a copy of the $stats_args value. That is no longer the case. As a temporary aid to migration, the walk_stats method does local $_ = $stats_args and passes $_ as the forth argument. That will work so long as the code in the callback doesn't alter $_. If your callback code requires $stats_args you should change it to be a closure instead.
trace_level
$memc->trace_level($trace_level);
$trace_level = $memc->trace_level;Sets the trace level (see "Tracing Execution"). Returns the previous trace level.
get_server_for_key
$memc->get_server_for_key( $key )This method uses memcached_server_by_key to get information about which server should contain the specified $key.
It returns a string containing the hostname:port of the appropriate server, or undef on failure.
EXTRA INFORMATION
Tracing Execution
$memc->trace_level($trace_level);If set >= 1 then any non-success memcached_return value will be logged via warn().
If set >= 2 or more then some data types will list conversions of input and output values for function calls.
The PERL_LIBMEMCACHED_TRACE environment variable provides a default. The value is read when memcached_create is called.
Type Mapping
For pointer arguments, undef is mapped to null on input and null is mapped to undef on output.
XXX expand with details from typemap file
Deprecated Functions
The following functions are available but deprecated in this release. In the next release they'll generate warnings. In a future release they'll be removed.
memcached_errstr
Use "errstr" instead.
memcached_mget_into_hashref
Use "mget_into_hashref" instead.
memcached_set_callback_coderefs
Use "set_callback_coderefs" instead.
AUTHOR EMERITUS
Tim Bunce, <Tim.Bunce@pobox.com> with help from Patrick Galbraith and Daisuke Maki.
CURRENT MAINTAINER
Daisuke Maki <daisuke@endeworks.jp> with occasional bursts of input from Tim Bunce.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Larry Wall for Perl, Brad Fitzpatrick for memcached, Brian Aker for libmemcached, and Patrick Galbraith and Daisuke Maki for helping with the implementation.
PORTABILITY
See Slaven Rezic's excellent CPAN Testers Matrix at http://bbbike.radzeit.de/~slaven/cpantestersmatrix.cgi?dist=Memcached-libmemcached
Along with Dave Cantrell's excellent CPAN Dependency tracker at http://cpandeps.cantrell.org.uk/?module=Memcached%3A%3Alibmemcached&perl=any+version&os=any+OS
BUGS
Please report any bugs or feature requests to bug-memcached-libmemcached@rt.cpan.org, or through the web interface at http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=Memcached-libmemcached. I will be notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on your bug as I make changes.
CONTRIBUTING
The source is hosted at github: http://github.com/lestrrat/Memcached-libmemcached Patches and volunteers always welcome.
COPYRIGHT & LICENSE
Copyright 2008 Tim Bunce, All Rights Reserved.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.