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=head1 NAME
Chipcard::PCSC::Card - Smarcard communication library
=head1 SYNOPSIS
 $hCard = new Chipcard::PCSC::Card ($hContext, "GemPC430 0 0",
        $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE);
 $RecvData = $hCard->Transmit([0xBC,0xB0,0x09,0xC8, 2]);
 $hCard->Disconnect($Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_LEAVE_CARD);
 $hCard->Status();
 $hCard->BeginTransaction();
 $hCard->EndTransaction();
 $hCard->TransmitWithCheck($apdu, $sw_expected [, $debug]);
 $hCard->Control($control_code, \@data);
 ISO7816Error($sw);
=head1 DESCRIPTION
The C<Chipcard::PCSC::Card> module implements the
C<Chipcard::PCSC::Card> class. Objects from this class are used to
communicate with a given reader. They are constructed out of a reference
to a PCSC object that drives the reader.
For more information about PC/SC please read the F<pcscd(1)> man page.
A C<Chipcard::PCSC::Card> object uses the following property:
=over 4
=item *
 B<$pcsccard_object-E<gt>{hContext}>
the reference to the underlying PCSC object
=item *
 B<$pcsccard_object-E<gt>{hCard}>
the current PCSC connection handle
=item *
 B<$pcsccard_object-E<gt>{dwProtocol}>
the protocol being used
=back
=head1 CONSTRUCTORS
The following methods construct a C<Chipcard::PCSC::Card> object:
=over 4
=item *
 B<$hCard = new Chipcard::PCSC::Card ($hContext);>
Constructs a new C<Chipcard::PCSC::Card> object without connecting to
any reader.
C<$hContext> is mandatory and contains the reference to a valid PCSC
object.
=item *
 B<$hCard = new Chipcard::PCSC::Card ($hContext, $reader_name, $share_mode, $prefered_protocol);>
Constructs a new Chipcard::PCSC::Card object and connect to the
specified reader.
=over 4
=item *
 $hContext
is mandatory and contains the reference to a valid PCSC oject.
=item *
 $reader_name
is the name of the reader you want to connect to. It is of the form
"GemPC410 0 0".
Please note that the list of available readers can be obtained with a
call to C<$hContext-E<gt>ListReaders()>. (See the section named F<PCSC
METHODS> in the F<Chipcard::PCSC> man page for more informations on
C<ListReaders>).
=item *
 $share_mode
is the desired mode of connection to the reader. It can be
any of the following:
=over 4
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE
the application do not share the reader
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_SHARE_SHARED
the application will allow others to share the reader.
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_SHARE_DIRECT
(not used by PC/SC-lite)
=back
=item *
 $prefered_protocol
is the protocol which should be used if possible.  If the protocol is
not available, another protocol will be used and
C<$hCard-E<gt>{dwProtocol}> will be set accordingly. Both
C<$hCard-E<gt>{dwProtocol}> and C<$prefered_protocol> accept the
following values:
=over 4
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0
the T=0 protocol
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1
the T=1 protocol
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_RAW
raw protocol
=back
=back
=item *
 B<$hCard = new Chipcard::PCSC::Card ($hContext, $reader_name, $share_mode);>
This method is equivalent to:
 $hCard = new Chipcard::PCSC::Card ($hContext, $reader_name,
    $share_mode,
    $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0 |
    $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1);
=item *
 B<$hCard = new Chipcard::PCSC::Card ($hContext, $reader_name);>
This method is equivalent to:
 $hCard = new Chipcard::PCSC::Card ($hContext, $reader_name,
    $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE,
    $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0 |
    $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1);
=back
=head1 CONSTRUCTION FAILURE
C<Chipcard::PCSC::Card> constructors return an C<undef> value when the
object can not be created. C<$Chipcard::PCSC::errno> can be used to get
more information about the error. See section F<ERROR HANDLING> in
F<Chipcard::PCSC> man page for more information.
=head1 Chipcard::PCSC::Card METHODS
Here is a list of all the methods that can be used with a C<Chipcard::PCSC::Card>
object.
=head2
 $hCard-E<gt>Connect($reader_name, $share_mode, $prefered_protocol);
C<Connect()> can be used to connect to the reader and its smartcard if
the connection has not been established yet. The default constructor can
establish the connection if given enough parameters.
The return value upon successful completion is the protocol used to
communicate with the smartcard. It can be any of the following:
=over 4
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0
the T=0 protocol
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1
the T=1 protocol
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_RAW
raw protocol
=back
=over 4
=item *
 $reader_name
is mandatory. It contains the name of the reader you want to connect to.
It is of the form "GemPC410 0 0".
Please note that the list of available readers can be obtained with a
call to C<$hContext-E<gt>ListReaders()>. (See the section named F<PCSC
METHODS> in the F<Chipcard::PCSC> man page for more informations on
C<ListReaders>).
=item *
 $share_mode
is the desired mode of connection to the reader. It can be any of the
following:
=over 4
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE
the application do not share the reader
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_SHARE_SHARED
the application will allow others to share the reader.
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_SHARE_DIRECT
(not used by PCSClite)
=back
=item *
 $prefered_protocol
is the protocol which should be used if possible. If the protocol is not
available, an other protocol will be used and
C<$hCard-E<gt>{dwProtocol}> will be set accordingly.
C<$prefered_protocol> accept the following values:
=over 4
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0
the T=0 protocol
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1
the T=1 protocol
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_RAW
raw protocol
=back
=back
=head2
 $hCard-E<gt>Connect($reader_name, $share_mode);
This method is equivalent to:
 $hCard->Connect($reader_name, $share_mode,
    $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0 |
    $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1);
=head2
 $hCard-E<gt>Connect($reader_name);
This method is equivalent to:
 $hCard->Connect($reader_name, $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE,
    $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0 |
    $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1);
=head2
 $hCard-E<gt>Reconnect($share_mode, $prefered_protocol, $initialization);
C<Reconnect()> can be used to re-nogociate an already opened connection.
This implies that the C<Chipcard::PCSC::Card> object is connected and
has C<$hCard-E<gt>{hCard}> set accordingly.
Reconnecting to a smartcard is used to change the share mode and the
current protocol.
The return value upon successful completion is the protocol choosed to
communicate with the smartcard. It can be any of the following:
=over 4
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0
the T=0 protocol
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1
the T=1 protocol
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_RAW 
raw protocol
=back
=over 4
=item *
 $share_mode
is the desired mode of connection to the reader. It can be any of the
following:
=over 4
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE
the application do not share the reader
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_SHARE_SHARED
the application will allow others to share the reader.
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_SHARE_DIRECT
(not used by PCSClite)
=back
=item *
 $prefered_protocol
is the protocol which should be used if possible. If the protocol is not
available, an other protocol will be used and
C<$hCard-E<gt>{dwProtocol}> will be set accordingly.
C<$prefered_protocol> accept the following values:
=over 4
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0
the T=0 protocol
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1
the T=1 protocol
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_RAW
raw protocol
=back
=item *
 $initialization
is the action to take when reconnecting to the smartcard. It can be any
of the following values:
=over 4
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_LEAVE_CARD
do nothing on close
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_RESET_CARD
reset on close
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_UNPOWER_CARD
power down on close
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_EJECT_CARD
eject on close
=back
=back
=head2
 $hCard-E<gt>Reconnect($share_mode, $prefered_protocol);
This method is equivalent to:
 $hCard->Reconnect($share_mode, $prefered_protocol,
    $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_LEAVE_CARD);
=head2
 $hCard-E<gt>Reconnect($share_mode);
This method is equivalent to:
 $hCard->Reconnect($share_mode,
    $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0 |
    $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1,
    $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_LEAVE_CARD);
=head2
 $hCard-E<gt>Reconnect();
This method is equivalent to:
 $hCard->Reconnect($Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE,
    $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0 |
    $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1,
    $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_LEAVE_CARD);
=head2
 $hCard-E<gt>Disconnect($initialization);
C<Disconnect()> closes the connection to the smartcard reader. It
returns true upon successful completion or undef otherwise.
C<$hCard-E<gt>{hContext}> will be set to undef if the connection is
successfuly closed.
=over 4
=item *
 $initialization
is the action to take when reconnecting to the smartcard. It can be any
of the following values:
=over 4
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_LEAVE_CARD
do nothing on close
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_RESET_CARD
reset on close
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_UNPOWER_CARD
power down on close
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_EJECT_CARD
eject on close
=back
=back
=head2
 $hCard-E<gt>Disconnect();
This method is equivalent to:
 $hCard->Disconnect($Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_EJECT_CARD);
=head2
 $hCard-E<gt>Status();
C<Status()> returns the current status of the connection to a smartcard.
It is used to retrieve the ATR (Answer To Reset) value as well as the
protocol being used to communicate.
The return value is the C<undef> value if an error occurs. In such a
case, C<$!> should be set with a string describing the error. Upon
successful completion C<Status> returns an array as follows:
(C<$reader_name>, C<$reader_state>, C<$protocol>, C<\@atr>)
=over 4
=item *
 $reader_name
is a string containing the name of the reader
=item *
 $reader_state
is a scalar containing the current state of the reader.
It can be any combination of the following values:
=over 5
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_UNKNOWN
unknown state
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_ABSENT
card is absent
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PRESENT
card is present
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_SWALLOWED
card not powered
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_POWERED
card is powered
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_NEGOTIABLE
ready for PTS
=item 
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_SPECIFIC
PTS has been set
=back
=item *
 $protocol
is the protocol being used. It can be any of the following values:
=over 5
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0,
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1,
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_PROTOCOL_RAW
=back
=item *
 \@atr
is a reference to an array containing the ATR. Each cell of the array
contains one byte of the ATR. This parameter is however optional as the
ATR may not be available under some circumstances. For instance when the
card is not inserted, no ATR can be returned and this parameter will be
C<undef>.
=back
=head2
 $hCard-E<gt>Transmit(\@data);
C<Transmit()> is used to exchange data with the card.
It returns a reference to an anonymous array holding the answer to the
emitted data. In case of an error, the reference is the C<undef> value.
=over 4
=item *
 \@data
is a reference to the data to be sent to the card.
=back
Here is a small sample of how to use C<transmit>:
 $SendData = [0x00, 0xA4, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00];
 $RecvData = $hCard->Transmit($SendData);
 print "  Recv = ";
 foreach $tmpVal (@{$RecvData}) {
     printf ("%02X ", $tmpVal);
 } print "\n";
=head2
 $hCard-E<gt>BeginTransaction();
C<BeginTransaction()> is used to temporarily get exclusive control over
the smart card.
It returns TRUE upon succesful completion and FALSE otherwise.
C<$Chipcard::PCSC::errno> should be set accordingly in case of an error.
See section F<ERROR HANDLING> in F<Chipcard::PCSC> man page for more
information.
=head2
 $hCard-E<gt>EndTransaction($disposition);
C<EndTransaction()> is used to end a transaction initiated with
C<BeginTransaction()>.
It returns C<TRUE> upon succesful completion and FALSE otherwise.
C<$Chipcard::PCSC::errno> should be set accordingly in case of an error.
See section F<ERROR HANDLING> in F<Chipcard::PCSC> man page for more
information.
=over 4
=item *
 $disposition
is the action to take when ending the transaction. It can be any of the
following values:
=over 4
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_LEAVE_CARD
do nothing on close
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_RESET_CARD
reset on close
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_UNPOWER_CARD
power down on close
=item *
 $Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_EJECT_CARD
eject on close
=back
=back
=head2
 $hCard-E<gt>EndTransaction();
This method is equivalent to:
 $hCard->EndTransaction($Chipcard::PCSC::SCARD_LEAVE_CARD);
=head2
 $hCard-E<gt>TransmitWithCheck($apdu, $sw_expected [, $debug]);
This method is a wrapper around $hCard-E<gt>Transmit(). The
$apdu parameter is an ASCII text like "00 A4 01 00 02 01 00",
$sw_expected is a Perl regular expression like "90 [01]0".
If the status word returned matches the expression $sw_expected the
method returns a list ($sw, $recv). $sw is the status word (like "90
00") of the command, $recv is the result of the command.
If the status word do not match the expression $sw_expected the method
returns undef and the variable $Chipcard::PCSC::Card::Error is set.
The $debug argument is optionnal. If present the method will print on
stdout the command sent and the response from the card.
Example:
 ($sw, $RecvData) = $hCard->TransmitWithCheck($SendData, "6E 00", 1);
 warn "TransmitWithCheck: $Chipcard::PCSC::Card::Error" unless defined $sw;
  
=head2
 $hCard-E<gt>Control($control_code, \@data);
This method uses PC/SC SCardControl() to send data specific to the
reader driver. See your driver documentation to know what data to use.
Example:
 $data = Chipcard::PCSC::ascii_to_array ("01 23 45");
 $RecvData = $hCard->Control(0x42000001, $SendData);
 die ("Can't Control data: $Chipcard::PCSC::errno") unless (defined ($RecvData));
  
=head2
 ISO7816Error($sw);
This method returns the ASCII text corresponding to the status word $sw
according to ISO 7816-4 specifications.
Example:
 $sw = "90 00";
 print "$sw: " . &Chipcard::PCSC::Card::ISO7816Error($sw) . "\n";
=head1 SEE ALSO
F<pcscd> manpage has useful informations about PC/SC-lite.
F<Chipcard::PCSC> manpage holds all the necessary information to create
the PCSC object which will be the basis of C<Chipcard::PCSC::Card>.
=head1 COPYRIGHT
(C) Lionel VICTOR & Ludovic ROUSSEAU, 2001-2003, GNU GPL
=head1 AUTHORS / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 Lionel VICTOR <lionel.victor@unforgettable.com>
               <lionel.victor@free.fr>
 Ludovic ROUSSEAU <ludovic.rousseau@free.fr>
=cut