/ 
Moose-2.2201
River stage four • 2934 direct dependents • 4029 total dependents
/ Moose::Cookbook::Meta::GlobRef_InstanceMetaclass

NAME

Moose::Cookbook::Meta::GlobRef_InstanceMetaclass - Creating a glob reference meta-instance class

VERSION

version 2.2201

SYNOPSIS

package My::Meta::Instance;

use Scalar::Util qw( weaken );
use Symbol qw( gensym );

use Moose::Role;

sub create_instance {
    my $self = shift;
    my $sym = gensym();
    bless $sym, $self->_class_name;
}

sub clone_instance {
    my ( $self, $instance ) = @_;

    my $new_sym = gensym();
    %{*$new_sym} = %{*$instance};

    bless $new_sym, $self->_class_name;
}

sub get_slot_value {
    my ( $self, $instance, $slot_name ) = @_;
    return *$instance->{$slot_name};
}

sub set_slot_value {
    my ( $self, $instance, $slot_name, $value ) = @_;
    *$instance->{$slot_name} = $value;
}

sub deinitialize_slot {
    my ( $self, $instance, $slot_name ) = @_;
    delete *$instance->{$slot_name};
}

sub is_slot_initialized {
    my ( $self, $instance, $slot_name ) = @_;
    exists *$instance->{$slot_name};
}

sub weaken_slot_value {
    my ( $self, $instance, $slot_name ) = @_;
    weaken *$instance->{$slot_name};
}

sub inline_create_instance {
    my ( $self, $class_variable ) = @_;
    return 'do { my $sym = Symbol::gensym(); bless $sym, ' . $class_variable . ' }';
}

sub inline_slot_access {
    my ( $self, $instance, $slot_name ) = @_;
    return '*{' . $instance . '}->{' . $slot_name . '}';
}

package MyApp::User;

use Moose;
Moose::Util::MetaRole::apply_metaroles(
    for => __PACKAGE__,
    class_metaroles => {
        instance => ['My::Meta::Instance'],
    },
);

has 'name' => (
    is  => 'rw',
    isa => 'Str',
);

has 'email' => (
    is  => 'rw',
    isa => 'Str',
);

DESCRIPTION

This recipe shows how to build your own meta-instance. The meta instance is the metaclass that creates object instances and helps manages access to attribute slots.

In this example, we're creating a meta-instance that is based on a glob reference rather than a hash reference. This example is largely based on the Piotr Roszatycki's MooseX::GlobRef module.

Our extension is a role which will be applied to Moose::Meta::Instance, which creates hash reference based objects. We need to override all the methods which make assumptions about the object's data structure.

The first method we override is create_instance:

sub create_instance {
    my $self = shift;
    my $sym = gensym();
    bless $sym, $self->_class_name;
}

This returns an glob reference which has been blessed into our meta-instance's associated class.

We also override clone_instance to create a new array reference:

sub clone_instance {
    my ( $self, $instance ) = @_;

    my $new_sym = gensym();
    %{*$new_sym} = %{*$instance};

    bless $new_sym, $self->_class_name;
}

After that, we have a series of methods which mediate access to the object's slots (attributes are stored in "slots"). In the default instance class, these expect the object to be a hash reference, but we need to change this to expect a glob reference instead.

sub get_slot_value {
    my ( $self, $instance, $slot_name ) = @_;
    *$instance->{$slot_name};
}

This level of indirection probably makes our instance class slower than the default. However, when attribute access is inlined, this lookup will be cached:

sub inline_slot_access {
    my ( $self, $instance, $slot_name ) = @_;
    return '*{' . $instance . '}->{' . $slot_name . '}';
}

The code snippet that the inline_slot_access method returns will get eval'd once per attribute.

Finally, we use this meta-instance in our MyApp::User class:

Moose::Util::MetaRole::apply_metaroles(
    for => __PACKAGE__,
    class_metaroles => {
        instance => ['My::Meta::Instance'],
    },
);

We actually don't recommend the use of Moose::Util::MetaRole directly in your class in most cases. Typically, this would be provided by a Moose::Exporter-based module which handles applying the role for you.

CONCLUSION

This recipe shows how to create your own meta-instance class. It's unlikely that you'll need to do this yourself, but it's interesting to take a peek at how Moose works under the hood.

SEE ALSO

There are a few meta-instance class extensions on CPAN:

  • MooseX::Singleton

    This module extends the instance class in order to ensure that the object is a singleton. The instance it uses is still a blessed hash reference.

  • MooseX::GlobRef

    This module makes the instance a blessed glob reference. This lets you use a handle as an object instance.

AUTHORS

  • Stevan Little <stevan@cpan.org>

  • Dave Rolsky <autarch@urth.org>

  • Jesse Luehrs <doy@cpan.org>

  • Shawn M Moore <sartak@cpan.org>

  • יובל קוג'מן (Yuval Kogman) <nothingmuch@woobling.org>

  • Karen Etheridge <ether@cpan.org>

  • Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>

  • Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org>

  • Chris Prather <chris@prather.org>

  • Matt S Trout <mstrout@cpan.org>

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

This software is copyright (c) 2006 by Infinity Interactive, Inc.

This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.